風(fēng)力發(fā)電變槳系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

中國地質(zhì)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯系專別：業(yè)：信息工程系電氣工程及其自動化姓名：9學(xué)號：02013年3月20日PAGEPAGE5外文資料翻譯譯文1風(fēng)機變槳系統(tǒng)概述風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組控制系統(tǒng)硬件分別安裝在三個不同部分：機艙控制，安裝在機艙內(nèi)。地面控制，安裝在塔架底部。變槳控制，安裝在輪轂內(nèi)部。人機界面觸摸屏顯示風(fēng)機的運行狀況和參數(shù)，或者啟動或停止風(fēng)機。風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組四種控制方式：定速定漿距控制發(fā)電機直接連到恒定頻率的電網(wǎng),在發(fā)電時不進(jìn)行空氣動力學(xué)控制。定速變漿距控制發(fā)電機直接連到恒定頻率的電網(wǎng),在大風(fēng)時漿距控制用于調(diào)節(jié)功率。變速定漿距控制變頻器將發(fā)電機和電網(wǎng)去耦(decouples),允許轉(zhuǎn)子速度通過控制發(fā)電機的反力矩改變。在大風(fēng)時,減慢轉(zhuǎn)子直到空氣動力學(xué)失速限制功率到期望的水平。變速變漿距控制變頻器將發(fā)電機和電網(wǎng)去耦,允許通過控制發(fā)電機的反力矩改變轉(zhuǎn)子速度。在大風(fēng)時,漿距控制用于調(diào)節(jié)功率。2變槳系統(tǒng)的工作原理定漿距風(fēng)機通過葉片的失速,即改變?nèi)~片橫斷面周圍流動的氣流,導(dǎo)致效率的損失,從而控制風(fēng)機的最大輸出功率。變漿距風(fēng)機是通過葉片沿其縱向軸轉(zhuǎn)動,改變氣流對葉片的攻角,從而改變風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組獲得的空氣動力轉(zhuǎn)矩,使發(fā)電機功率輸出保持穩(wěn)定。改變風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組獲得的空氣動力轉(zhuǎn)矩,使發(fā)電機功率輸出保持穩(wěn)定。3變槳系統(tǒng)和定槳系統(tǒng)的比較定槳距失速調(diào)節(jié)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組定獎距是指槳葉與輪載的連接是固定的，即大/小發(fā)電機。在低風(fēng)速段（與變槳距風(fēng)機葉片比較機組的整體效率較低。變槳距調(diào)節(jié)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組是指通過變槳驅(qū)動裝置,帶動安裝在輪轂上的45°，0°，直到風(fēng)力機達(dá)到額定轉(zhuǎn)速并網(wǎng)發(fā)電；在運行過程中，當(dāng)輸出功率小0°位置不變，不作任何調(diào)節(jié)；當(dāng)發(fā)電機輸出功率達(dá)到額定功率以后，調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)輸出功率的變化調(diào)整槳距角的大小，使發(fā)電機的輸出功率保持在額定功率。缺點是結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，故障率相對較高。變槳系統(tǒng)的分類式統(tǒng)一變槳距控制即機組所有槳葉都由一個執(zhí)行機構(gòu)驅(qū)動，或者三個執(zhí)行機槳距方式一般都采用液壓方式。獨立變槳距方式，每個槳葉都由獨立的變槳距執(zhí)行機構(gòu)驅(qū)動，如果其中一個變槳距執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)故障，其它兩個槳葉仍能調(diào)節(jié)槳葉節(jié)距角,實現(xiàn)功率控制，而統(tǒng)一變槳距執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)故障，只能停機維修；另外自然界的風(fēng)在整個風(fēng)輪掃及面上分布是不均勻的，獨立槳葉控制可以根據(jù)各個槳葉上的風(fēng)速不同進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，不僅能維持發(fā)電機輸出功率，而且能減小槳葉拍打振動，因此獨立槳葉控制比統(tǒng)一控制更具有一定的優(yōu)勢。獨立變槳距控制將槳葉負(fù)載分別由單90°。但風(fēng)力機組風(fēng)速傳感器安裝在風(fēng)輪后的機艙上，不能正確反映掃及面上的風(fēng)速，因此控制時一般都以發(fā)電機額定功率或轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速為界，即當(dāng)發(fā)電機輸出功率（轉(zhuǎn)速）低于額定值時，進(jìn)行變速恒頻控制，最大捕獲風(fēng)能；而當(dāng)輸出功率（轉(zhuǎn)速）高于額定值時，進(jìn)行變槳距控制，維持發(fā)電機功率在額定值附近。要實現(xiàn)真正的獨立變槳,輸入變量包括槳葉節(jié)距角變化和風(fēng)速，以及每情況，而且復(fù)雜的控制程序也很難在工程中實現(xiàn)，所以目前工程上仍然采用統(tǒng)一變槳，即三個槳葉同時動作。根據(jù)執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的類型可分為液壓變槳和電動變槳。電動變槳根據(jù)所用電機可以分為直流伺服和交流伺服兩種類型。直流型電變槳伺服控制系統(tǒng)交流型電變槳伺服控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單﹑UPS；以便在電網(wǎng)突然斷電或其它緊急情況停機時,變槳伺服系統(tǒng)可以通過自備的UPS變槳系統(tǒng)的組成變槳系統(tǒng)主要由PLC﹑可逆直流調(diào)速裝置﹑直流電機﹑絕對式位置編碼器PLCCAN速度和角度指令),并控制可逆直流調(diào)速裝置驅(qū)動直流電機帶動槳葉朝要求的方向和角度轉(zhuǎn)動,同時PLC還負(fù)責(zé)蓄電池的充電控制﹑蓄電池電壓的監(jiān)控等輔助控制。主要技術(shù)性能指標(biāo)伺服電機額定轉(zhuǎn)速 2500rpm額定輸出電流 17A額定轉(zhuǎn)矩 20.0Nm電源電壓 三相AC380V絕緣等級 F級冷卻方式 自然冷卻防護等級 IP64環(huán)境溫度制動裝置編碼器伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)

－25℃～＋40℃選件絕對值位置編碼器額定輸出功率 7.5KW額定輸出電流 24A額定輸出電壓 3×0400V(AC)輸入電壓 3×AC380V(－25％～＋10％)過載能力 43A/30秒冷卻方式 散熱器外置自然冷卻防護等級 IP24或更高環(huán)境溫度制動電阻

－25℃～＋40℃外加配置現(xiàn)場總線 CAN總線保護功能

電機三相短路保護﹑過載保護﹑電源過壓保護等外文原文1fanpitchSystemOverviewwindturbinecontrolsystemhardwarewereinstalledinthreedifferentpartsThecabincontrol,installedinsidethecabin.Groundcontrol,mountedonthebottomofthetower.Pitchcontrol,internallymountedonthehub.man-machineinterfaceThetouchscreendisplaystheoperationalstatusandparametersofthefan,ortostartorstopthefan.windturbinethefourcontrolwayConstantspeedgivenpitchcontrolThegenerator is directlyconnected to theconstant frequencygrid,theaerodynamiccontrolisnotperformedwhenthepowergeneration.constantspeedvariablepitchcontrolThegeneratorisdirectlyconnectedtotheconstantfrequencyofthepowergrid,powerisusedtoadjustthepitchcontrolinhighwinds.variablespeedandpitchcontrol

theTheinverterofthegeneratorandgriddecoupling(decouples),toallowtherotorspeedbytheanti-torquecontrolofthegeneratorchanges.Inhighwinds,slowdowntherotoruntilaerodynamicstalllimitpowertothedesiredlevel.variablespeedpitchcontrolInvertergeneratorandgriddecouplingchangepermittedbytheanti-torquecontrolofthegeneratorrotorspeed.Inhighwinds,thepitchcontrolisusedtoadjustthepower.2pitchsystemworksFixedpitchbyastalloftheblade,i.e.tochangetheairflowflowingaroundthebladecrosssection,resultinginalossofefficiency,therebycontrollingthemaximumoutputpoweroftheblowerfan.Thevariablepitchfanisthroughthevanestorotatealongitslongitudinalaxistochangetheangleofattackoftheairflowtotheblades,therebychangingthetheaerodynamictorqueobtainedbythewindturbinegenerator,sothatthegeneratorpoweroutputstable.Pitchservocontrolsystemastheouterringofwindpowercontrolsystem,playsaveryimportantroleinthecontrolofthewindturbine.Itcontrolsthebladepitchangleofthewindturbinecanautomaticallyadjustthesizeofthewindvelocity.Thestartofthelowwindspeed,thebladepitchcangototherightangle,sothatthewindwheelhasamaximumstartingtorque;,therebychangingwindwhenthewindvelocityistoohigh,byadjustingthebladepitch,andtochangetheangleofattackoftheairflowtothebladesaerodynamictorqueobtainedbythegeneratorset,thegeneratorpoweroutputtomaintainstability.3pitchsystemandthecomparisonoffixed-bladesystemFixed-bladeawayfromthestalladjustmenttypewindturbinegivenAwardfromtheconnectionofthepaddlewheelloadisfixed,thepitchangleisfixed,thatis,whenthewindchanges,thewindwardangleofthebladecannotbechanges,bladetheairfoilitselfhasstallcharacteristics.Whenthewindspeedishigherthantheratedwindspeed,theangleofattackoftheairflowisincreasedtoastallcondition,theeddycurrentisgeneratedonthesurfaceoftheblades,reducingefficiency,andtothepoweroutputofthegenerator.Inordertoimprovetheefficiencyofwindturbinesinlowwindspeeds,usuallyatwo-speedgenerator(ie,large/smallgenerator).Segmentrunningatlowwindspeeds,usingasmallmotortothebladesCountyhighaerodynamicefficiencyandtoimprovetheoperatingefficiencyofthegenerator.Stalladjustingtheadvantagesofthetypestallregulationissimpleandreliable,passivestallregulatedonlybythebladeswhenthewindspeedchangescausedbyvariationsinoutputpowerandthecontrolsystemwithoutanycontrol,thecontrolsystemgreatlyreduced.Thedisadvantageisthattheweightofleaves(comparisonwithvariablefanblades),paddlewheelload,towercomponentsbyalargerforce,andlowertheoverallefficiencyoftheunit.Thepitchadjustmentwindturbinesgeneratingmeansthroughthepitchdrivemeans,drivingtherotationofthebladesmountedonthehub,therebychangingthesizeofthebladepitchangle.Adjustmentmethod:Whenthewindturbineoperatingconditions,thecontrolsystemcommandspitchpitchangleadjustedto45°,andthenadjustedto0°whenthespeedreachesacertainreachtheratedspeeduntilthewindturbinetothegrid;duringoperation,whentheoutputpowerislessthantheratedpower,thepitchangletomaintainthesame,doesnotmakeanyadjustmentinthe0°position;reachratedpowerwhenthegeneratoroutputpower,theregulationsystemadjustedaccordingtothechangesintheoutputpowerofthepitchanglesize,sothattheoutputpowerofthegeneratorismaintainedattheratedpower.Thedisadvantageisthatthemorecomplexstructure,arelativelyhighfailurerate.4pitchclassificationVariablepitch unified pitch and independent pitch system accordancewithitsworkcanbedividedintotwokindsofwaysUnifiedvariablepitchcontrolthatcrewallbladesbyanexecutiveagencydrive,ordrivethreeimplementingagencies,thebladepitchanglechanges.Thetorqueofthehydraulicsystem,unifiedinalargewindturbinepitchdistanceisgenerallyhydraulically.Independentvariablepitchmode,eachbladebytheindependentpitchactuatordriver,ifonepitchimplementationofstructuralfailure,andtheothertwobladescanstilladjustthebladepitchangle,thepowercontrol,unifiedpitchimplementationofstructuralfailure,onlyamaintenanceshutdown;Further,thenatureofthewindinthesweepoftheentirewindwheelandthesurfaceisnotuniformlydistributed,independentbladecontrolmaybeadjusteddependingonthewindspeedontherespectiveblades,notonlytomaintainthegeneratoroutputpower,butalsocanreducethebladeflappingvibration,independentbladecontrolmorethanunifiedcontrolhascertainadvantages.Independentvariablepitchcontrolbladeloadbornebyasingleexecutiveagency,sogenerallyusedmotorexecution,motorinternalringgearpaddlewheelsdrivenbythedrivegear,thebladepitchanglechanges.Butthepitchprocesschangesinthepitchangleofthebladeonlyfrom0to90°.Butonwindturbineswindspeedsensorisinstalledinthecabinafterthewindwheel,cannotcorrectlyreflectthesweepandsurfacewindspeed,controlgeneratorratedpowerorrotorspeedisboundedgenerallylow,thatis,whenthegeneratoroutputpowerratedVSCFcontrol,maximumcaptureofwindenergy;higherthantheratedoutputpower(speed),pitchcontrolandmaintainthegeneratorpowerratingnear.Toachieveatrulyindependentpitchinputvariables,includingchangesinbladepitchangleandwindspeed,andeachbladeforcemultivariablecontrol,butbecauseofthewindspeedsensordoesnotreflectthewindspeedoneachblade,andthecomplexityofthecontrolprogramitisdifficulttoachieveintheproject,sotheprojectstillunifiedthatthethreebladesatthesametime.canbedividedaccordingtothetypeoftheimplementingagencyhydraulicpitch,andtheelectricpitch.electricpitchdependingonthemotorcanbedividedintotwotypesDCservoandACservo.dcelectricpitchservocontrolsystemDCpitchsystemmainlyconsistsofthefollowingcharacteristics:aserieswoundDCmotorstartingtorque.Tensofmetersindiameterbladerotationweighingseveraltons,isgood;DCsteplessspeed,low-speedperformance;doesnotallowno-loadoperation,otherwiseitwouldcause"Speed";motorcarbonbrush,maintenancedifficulties;CanadianThebackupbatteryismoreconvenient.ACelectricpitchservocontrolsystemAC-typepitchsystemmainlyconsistsofthefollowingcharacteristics:ACpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotors,orACinductionmotor,simplestructure,maintenanceworkloadissmall;representsthedevelopmentdirectionoftheservocontrolsystem;mustbeaddedtotheUPS;suddenpowerfailuresothatthegridorotheremergencyshutdown,thepitchservosystemcanbrieflyownedtheUPSpowersupplysystemtocompletetheclosingpaddleandtakeothersafetymeasurespredeterminedpitch.5ThecompositionofthepitchsystemThepitchsystemmainlybythePLC,reversible,absolutepositionencoderDCspeeder,DCmotorbythebatteryasabackuppowersupply.PLCcomposedofthepitchcontrolsystemviafieldbus(egCANbus)andthemaincontrolsystemco