2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabits學(xué)案必修2

Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabits一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會認(rèn)就行(背誦時遮住右側(cè)漢語，先自主翻譯，后比對詞義)1．flun. 流行性感冒2．X-rayn. X光3．lungn. 肺4．fatn. 脂肪5．a(chǎn)wfuladj. 可怕的；嚇人的6．throatn. 喉嚨；咽喉；嗓子7．symptomn. 癥狀8．toothachen. 牙痛(二)背重點單詞——寫對才行1．eyevt. 注視；觀看2．headvi. 朝……方向前進(jìn)3．dietn. 飲食；日常食物vi. 照醫(yī)生的規(guī)定飲食4．captain_n. 隊長5．proverbn. 諺語6．lifestylen. 生活方式7．overweightadj. (人)太胖的；超重的(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．fitadj.健康的；強健的→fitnessn.健康→unfit_adj.不健康的2．rareadj.稀少的；罕有的→rarelyadv.稀少地；極少地3．healthn.健康→healthyadj.健康的→unhealthyadj.不健康的；損害健康的4．wealthn.財富→wealthyadj.富裕的；有錢的5．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.焦慮的；不安的；渴望的→anxiouslyadv.焦慮地→anxietyn.焦慮；擔(dān)心；渴望6．injurevt.傷害→injuryn.傷害；損傷；受傷處→injuredadj.受傷的7．painn.疼痛；痛苦→painsn.辛苦；努力→painfuladj.疼痛的→painfullyadv.使人疼痛地；令人痛苦地8．normaladj.正常的；一般的→abnormal→adj.反常的，變態(tài)的9．breathn.呼吸→breathevi.呼吸→breathlessadj.(使)氣喘吁吁的；(使人)屏息的[語境活用]1．Tokeephealthy,_youcanjoinahealth_clubwherepeoplecandoexerciseregularly.Besides,avoidingunhealthy_dietsisagoodway.(health)2．Heaccumulatedagreatamountofwealth,_butassuchawealthyman,hispersonallifewassurprisinglysimple.(wealth)3．ThepainfulexperienceinthatbigearthquakeremindedMrSmithtotakepainstocareforthehomeless.(pain)4．Thiskindofflowerisrare,_andrarelydoIseeit.(rare)5．Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothidehisanxiety.(anxious)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對不行1．fitadj.健康的；強健的；適合的；能勝任的v.適合；使(衣服)合身；使適應(yīng)；使勝任n．適合；合身背詞條用法(1)befitfor適合；勝任befittodo...適合做……keepfit保持健康(2)fitinwith...與……相處融洽/相適應(yīng)背寫作佳句①Iamquiteinterestedinit.IthinkI'mfitforit.我對它很感興趣。我想我能勝任。②Inordertostudywell,weneedtodosportssothatwecankeepfit.為了學(xué)習(xí)好，我們需要鍛煉，這樣我們才能保持健康。③Sharingwithfriendshelpedmebringbackmyconfidenceandfitinwithothers.與朋友分享幫助我找回了自信，并與他人相處融洽。2．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.焦慮的；不安的；渴望的背詞條用法(1)beanxiousfor/aboutsth.為某事?lián)?擔(dān)憂beanxioustodosth.渴望/急于做某事(2)withanxiety焦慮地；不安地背寫作佳句①I'manxiousforthepartytobeasuccess.我熱切希望這次聚會取得成功。②IwastoldtheLearningCenterprovideshelpforstudentsandI'我聽說學(xué)習(xí)中心為學(xué)生提供幫助，我非?？释玫侥膸椭＂?2020·北京高考書面表達(dá))Immediately,beingthemonitorofourclass,Ifrownedwithendlessanxiety.作為班長，我立刻皺起了眉頭，焦慮不已。(五)背短語詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．a(chǎn)t_least 至少2．put_..._into_... 將……投入……3．lose_weight_ 減肥4．catch_a_cold_ 感冒5．take_exercise 鍛煉6．pick_up 用車接；撿起；(偶然)學(xué)會7．pay_for 支付；為……付出代價8．be_crazy_about_ 迷戀9．be_connected_with 與……有聯(lián)系10．have_a_sweet_tooth_ 喜好甜食11．have_a_temperature 發(fā)燒12．lie_down 躺下eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點短語拓展用活1．beconnectedwith與……有聯(lián)系/關(guān)系背相關(guān)短語(1)connectAwithB把A和B聯(lián)系起來(2)haveconnectionwith與……有關(guān)系inconnectionwith與……有關(guān)背寫作佳句①RecentlyanotherfreewaywhichisconnectedwithBeijinghasstartedbeingused.最近，另一條連接北京的高速公路開始通車。②However,othersdon'tbelievethatnumbershaveanyconnectionwithgoodluck.然而，其他人不相信數(shù)字與好運有任何聯(lián)系。③Iamlookingforwardtoreceivingyourreplyandqueryinconnectionwithmybackgroundofeducation.我期待收到您關(guān)于我的教育背景的回復(fù)和查詢。2．becrazyabout迷戀，對……著迷背相關(guān)短語gocrazy發(fā)瘋likecrazy瘋狂地；拼命地drivesb.crazy逼得某人發(fā)瘋becrazytodosth.做某事真是瘋狂背寫作佳句①IpractisemyoralEnglisheverymorningandeveninglikecrazy.我每天早晚都瘋狂地練習(xí)英語口語。②Thatnoiseisdrivingmecrazy/makingmegocrazy.那種聲音快讓我發(fā)瘋了。③LiHua,a17-year-oldteenagercurrentlystudyinginmyclass,whoiscrazyaboutreading.李華，一個現(xiàn)在在我的班學(xué)習(xí)的17歲的學(xué)生，非常迷戀閱讀。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1.WhenZhouKai'smothersawhimheadingtowardsthefrontdoorwithoutajacketon,sheeyedhimanxiously.(see＋賓語＋賓語補足語)周凱的媽媽看到他沒有穿夾克衫就往前門走去時，她擔(dān)心地盯著周凱。佳句①Theydidn'tthinkmuchofitwhentheysawtwocyclistsrepairingtheirbikeonthesideoftheroad.當(dāng)他們看到兩個騎自行車的人在路邊修理自行車時，他們并沒有多想。佳句②Suddenlywesawanoldladyknockeddownbyacar.突然我們看到一位老太太被一輛汽車撞倒了。佳句③Haveyouseenthemstayupalmosteverynightsimplytofinishaday'shomework?你見過他們僅僅為了完成一天的作業(yè)幾乎每天晚上都熬夜嗎？2．Gotobednoworyou'llbereallytiredtomorrow.(祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句)現(xiàn)在上床睡覺吧，否則明天你會很累的。佳句①Firstly,stayathomeanddon'tgoout.首先，待在家里，不要出去。佳句②Smileatourlife,andwearesuretogetasmileinreturn.對我們的生活微笑，我們一定會被回報一個微笑。佳句③Sparenoeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andyouwillenjoyabeautifulearth.不遺余力地保護(hù)環(huán)境，你將享受一個美麗的地球。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Peoplearebeginningtoattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirhealththesedaysthaneverbefore.如今人們開始比以往更重視他們的健康。2．Abalanceddietandregularexercisecanhelpuskeephealthybothphysicallyandmentally.均衡的飲食和有規(guī)律的鍛煉能幫助我們保持身心健康。3．AsfarasI'mconcerned,weshoulddevelophealthyeatinghabitstobuildupastrongbody.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudy.我認(rèn)為，為了增強體質(zhì)，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。只有這樣我們才能有足夠的精力學(xué)習(xí)。[題目要求](二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點——邀請信(二)(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，想邀請外教Henry一起參觀中國剪紙(paper-cutting)藝術(shù)展。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．展覽時間、地點；2.展覽內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearHenry，I'mLiHua.LasttimeyoutoldmeyouwantedtoknowmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture.NowI'mgladtotellyoutherewillbeaChinesepaper-cuttingexhibitioninourschool.Isincerelyhopeyoucansetasidesometimefortheartfeast.Theexhibition,thethemeofwhichis“BeautyofChina”，willtakeplaceinourschoollibraryfrom2to5ontheafternoonofJune21.Notonlywillsomeofourstudents'worksbedisplayed,butwealsohaveavaluablesetofpaper-cuttingworkscreatedbyafamousartist.Besides,therewillbealotofinterestingactivities,fromwhichyoucanhaveaclearerpictureofChineseculture.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyinvitation.I'msureyouwillgetawonderfulimpressionofit.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua[學(xué)亮點]1．學(xué)亮麗開頭考生首先進(jìn)行了自我介紹，點明了身份。然后用Lasttimeyoutoldmeyou...交代了寫信的背景，用NowI'mgladtotellyoutherewillbe...介紹了活動的主題，然后便自然而然地誠懇地發(fā)出了邀請。2．學(xué)高級表達(dá)熟練使用高級句式，如：therebe句型therewillbeaChinesepaper-cuttingexhibitioninourschool；非限制性定語從句thethemeofwhichis“BeautyofChina”和fromwhichyoucan...；倒裝句型Notonlywillsomeofourstudents'worksbedisplayed...；過去分詞短語作定語createdbyafamousartist等。這些亮點表達(dá)增強了文章的表達(dá)效果，是加分的亮點所在。同時，這也彰顯了考生靈活的語言駕馭能力，值得稱贊。3．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾結(jié)尾使用Iwouldappreciateitif...表達(dá)期待對方接受邀請，與開頭呼應(yīng)。隨后用I'msure...從自己的角度表達(dá)了對活動效果的肯定和信心。最后用Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.表達(dá)了期待回復(fù)。本文結(jié)尾短短三句話便表達(dá)出了自己邀請對方的誠懇態(tài)度和期待心情。4．學(xué)過渡銜接文章準(zhǔn)確使用了lasttime,now,notonly...butalso...,besides等過渡性詞語，增強了文章的連貫性和條理性。5．防微點失分考生容易把“Theexhibition,thethemeofwhichis‘BeautyofChina’，willtakeplace...”中的which錯用成it，或把takeplace誤認(rèn)為其有被動語態(tài)形式，而誤用成被動語態(tài)“betakenplace”，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點單詞的查漏補缺——打牢必備知識[全面練——練清易錯微點]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Inaddition,astheproverb(諺語)says,practicemakesperfect.2．Garlicisalsogoodfortreatmentofcolds,coughs,sorethroat_(喉嚨),fever.3．Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle(生活方式).4．(2020·浙江高考寫作)Sodon'tworryaboutourstudyandallyouneedtodonowistohaveanadequaterestandahealthydiet_(飲食)．5．Aneasywaytocuttheamountoffat(脂肪)inyourdietistoavoideatingredmeats.6．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Asthecaptain_(隊長)ofourteam,Ifeelquiteconfidenttohaveyouallinourteam.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語境寫出加黑部分的漢語意思1．Everyoneintheofficeplainsthathesmellsawfulbutnobodydaresactuallymentionit.可怕的；糟糕的2．Iamverysorrytohaveheardofyourpresentsituationthatyouaresobitterafterhavingalungcancer.肺3．However,someofhersymptoms,liketheseverecoughandweightloss,didn'tfitwithit.癥狀4．Pleaseensurethatyouhaveyourowninsuranceforyourpersonalbelongings.保險5．Recently,awebsiteorganizedaquestionnairesurveyaboutwhypeoplegotouniversity.問卷調(diào)查6．(熟詞生義)ThelittleboywaseyeingthetoysintheshopwhenIfoundhim.注視7．(熟詞生義)Theentirebuildingisfittedupwithelectriclights,gasandsteamheaters.安裝8．(熟詞生義)(2020·浙江高考)MyheartfrozeinmychestasIsawthetractorheadingtowardsthemotorway.朝……前進(jìn)Ⅲ.單句語法填空1.Saltwaterhitagainstherface,makingitdifficulttobreathe(breath)．2．Theyshouldknowthatiftheyeatjunkfood,theywillbeefatandunhealthy(healthy).3.TearsfilledmyeyesasIlookedattheprouddirtyfacethatIhadrarely(rare)givenattentionto.4.Hisparentsthoughtitwasabnormal(normal)foraboytobeinterestedinballet.5．Howeverwealthy_(wealth)wemaybe,wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.6．Youareheadingforanaccidentifyoudriveafterdrinking.7．There'splentyofevidencethatfatness_(fat)tendstoruninfamilies.8．Louisalwaysseemstobeonadiet,whichdoesharmtohishealth.名師點撥“一站清”(1)“makeit＋adj.＋todo”意為“使得做某事怎么樣”，動詞不定式作賓語補足語。(2)英語中，常用副詞來修飾動詞。以“元音字母＋輔音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“l(fā)y”構(gòu)成副詞。如：polite→politely,wide→widely，love→lovely,immediate→immediately等。(3)normal的反義詞為abnormal，注意其否定前綴為ab-。[重點練——深化高頻考點]1．fit[明其義]adj.健康的；強健的；適合的；能勝任的v．適合；使(衣服)合身；使適應(yīng)；使勝任n．適合；合身[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Hisideasdidnotquitefitinwithouraims.②Heisnotfitforthejobashehasabsolutelynoexperienceofmarketing.(2)選詞填空(fit/suit/match)③Iwanttotakethisjacketbecauseitfitsmewellandmatchesmytrousers,thoughthestyledoesn'tsuitme.[解其困]fit,suit,matchfit“適合”，指大小、尺寸、形狀等合適，引申為“吻合，協(xié)調(diào)”suit“適合”，多指衣服顏色、樣式適合某人，還可指合乎需要、口味、地位、條件等。另外，用于比喻意義時多用suitmatch“和……匹配，適合”，多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配2．a(chǎn)nxious[明其義]adj.焦慮的；不安的；渴望的[通其用](1)單句語法填空①(2019·天津高考)Shewasanxiousto_know(know)whathadhappened.②Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword.(2)同義替換③Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn'tfit.→Shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtrieditonwith_anxiety,_onlytofinditdidn'tfit.[解其困](1)英語中“介詞＋名詞”在功能上相當(dāng)于副詞，它可在句中作狀語。(2)anxiety表示抽象意義的“憂慮”“焦急”時，是不可數(shù)名詞；表示具體意義的“擔(dān)心的事”時，是可數(shù)名詞。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗收盤點]Ⅰ.詞塊點點練——選詞填空atleast，loseweight，catchacold，takeexercise，pickup，payfor，becrazyabout，beconnectedwith1.Healthesfirst.Weshouldtake_exercise_everydaytokeepfit.2.Idon'tdoubtthathecanpay_forthejourneybydoingjobsontheship.3．Itisgenerallybelievedthatgoodhealthis_connected_withhealthydiet.4.Shepicked_upJapanesewhenshewasinJapan.Nowshecanspeakitfreely.5．Nancyis_crazy_aboutdancing,andshekeepsdancingtillmidnighteveryday.6.Veryfewpeoplesucceedinlosing_weightinashorttimeandkeepingitoff.7．Nowonderyoucaught_a_cold.Youshouldn'thavegoneoutlastnightwithoutacoat.8．Tomwastoldthatitwouldbeat_least_oneweekbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntoschool.名師點撥“一站清”(1)當(dāng)exercise用于“廣義上的鍛煉”時，它被當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞使用。而當(dāng)exercise用于“具體的某項活動或鍛煉時”則是可數(shù)名詞。如：domorningexercises做早操，doeyeexercises做眼保健操，doEnglishexercises做英語練習(xí)。(2)payforsb.“替某人付錢”，payforsth.“付錢買某物”，paysb.“付錢給某人”。(3)pickup除了表示“(偶然)學(xué)會”外，還有“拾起；接收，用車接”等意思。(4)loseweight是固定搭配，中間沒有冠詞，其反義短語是putonweight。Ⅱ.易錯對對碰——辨析比較1．beconnectedwithVSbeconnectedto比較①Theseappliancesshouldnotbe_connected_topowersupplies.②TheInternetiscloselyconnected_withourdailylife.Canyouimaginelifewithoutit？辨清(1)beconnectedwith指兩個人或事物之間有關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系；主語是物時，connect后只能跟with。(2)beconnectedto是把兩個具體的事物“接通”“連接”起來。2．catchacoldVShaveacold比較①Putonmoreclothesoryou'llcatch_(a)_cold.②Hetoldmethathehadhad_a_coldforthreedays.辨清(1)catchacold強調(diào)“感冒”的行為，是短暫性動詞短語。(2)haveacold強調(diào)“感冒”的結(jié)果，表示“感冒”持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。[句式的驗收盤點](一)see＋賓語＋賓語補足語[通其用]補全句子①In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmoke_rising_fromasmallpartofhisland.1943年，一位墨西哥農(nóng)民驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)他的一小塊地上冒起了煙。②(2020·浙江高考)Lambandmotherreunited,Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytosee_it_move_suddenly_away_from_me.小羊和媽媽團(tuán)聚了，我轉(zhuǎn)過身來看拖拉機，卻看見它突然離開我(向前移動)了。③(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated_with_red_envelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.它們是很好的禮物，并且你會有很多次看到它們被紅包和蘊含好運的信息裝飾著。[解其困](1)seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”，強調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。(2)seesth.done“看見某事被做/完成”，強調(diào)動作的被動和完成。(3)seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事”，強調(diào)動作的全過程。在被動語態(tài)中常用sb.beseentodosth.。(二)祈使句＋or/and＋陳述句[通其用]1．單句語法填空①Moretime,andIwill_finish(finish)thetaskontime.②Followyourteacher'sadvice,or/otherwiseyouwillfailintheexam.2．句式升級③Ifyoulendherahand,shewillbegratefultoyou.(改為祈使句)→Lend_her_a_hand,_and_she_will_be_grateful_to_you._④Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)→Working_hard,_you_will_succeed._[解其困](1)“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”表示祈使句與后面的句子是順承關(guān)系。(2)“祈使句＋or/orelse/otherwise＋陳述句”相當(dāng)于“if＋否定條件狀語從句＋主句”。(3)“名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句”也有上述句式功能，名詞詞組中常含有more,another等詞。例如：Morefinefood,andyou'llbehealthierandhealthier.學(xué)案(三)高考語篇的價值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2020新高考全國卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解D篇——對接課標(biāo)主題：健康的生活方式、積極的生活態(tài)度(一)精讀真題——拓展語言能力(語篇中黑體詞匯為主題詞匯，請注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingpanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoles①withbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.[2]Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselfto②asnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.[3]Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.[4]Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.[5]Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I'llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweight③personishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI？,①微技法——通過上下文推測短語或單詞意義：此處根據(jù)畫線詞上一句的“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeople...”可知，“beanpoles”所在句與其前一句中的研究結(jié)論是相反的，由此可推知“beanpoles”的含義。②微積累——help短語大集錦：helponeselfto自行取用；隨便吃helpsb.do/todo幫助某人做某事can'thelpdoing忍不住做某事can'thelpbutdosth.只好做某事③構(gòu)詞法——前綴over-表示“在……上，超出”overweightadj.超重的overworkn.過度勞累overactv.做得過火overlookvt.俯視，眺望overevt.戰(zhàn)勝overproductionn.生產(chǎn)過量(二)解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]12．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety. B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand. D．Eatingbehavior.解析：選D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，《消費者研究雜志》最近的一項研究表明，我們的飲食同伴的體型和飲食習(xí)慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起進(jìn)食。由此可知這項研究是關(guān)于飲食行為的，故D項正確。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters. B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters. D．Tallthinpersons.解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的畫線詞所在句可知，研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)(應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯)相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“contraryto”可知，畫線詞與heavierpeople含義相反，故D項正確。14．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.”可知，為了驗證社交對飲食習(xí)慣的影響，研究人員進(jìn)行了兩個實驗；再結(jié)合下文介紹的兩個實驗可知，雇用演員參加實驗旨在查看演員對參與實驗的人的飲食習(xí)慣的影響，故A項正確。15．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare.B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers.D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI...becauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.”可知，如果這個同伴打算吃得更多，“我”也會吃得更多。但是，我們要調(diào)整這種影響。如果一個超重的人吃了很多，我會稍微保留一點，因為我看到了他飲食習(xí)慣的結(jié)果。據(jù)此可以推知，我們對自己飲食的調(diào)整是以分析他人的飲食習(xí)慣和結(jié)果(即如何看待他人)為基礎(chǔ)的，故C項正確。[為什么考·有何價值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第12題主要考查學(xué)生的概括性思維。通讀全文可知，文章第一段為全文的主題段，即《消費者研究雜志》最近的一項研究表明，我們的飲食同伴的體型和飲食習(xí)慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起進(jìn)食。根據(jù)上述分析，故可得知這項最新研究主要是關(guān)于飲食行為的。二、聚焦核心價值本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項關(guān)于就餐同伴會影響人們食物攝取量的研究，結(jié)果表明“我跟著她吃”的影響的確存在，但人們也會根據(jù)自身對他人的看法有所調(diào)整。文章旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成合理的飲食習(xí)慣和健康的生活方式。通過對文章內(nèi)容的分析和評判，深入思考飲食習(xí)慣與健康生活方式之間的聯(lián)系，從而形成正確的飲食觀和生活觀。(三)借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Gasandoilconsumption(consume)alwaysincreaseincoldweather.2．I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinthespeechcontesttobeheldinourschool.3．Confuciusgreatlyinfluenced(influence)thedevelopmentofChina'scultureandeducation.4．Thetwinsweredresseddifferentlyandonewasthinner(thin)thantheother.5．Shehadformedthehabitofgoingtobedandgettingupearly.Ⅱ.補全句子1．InChina,itisusualtohelp_yourself_to(自行取用)thefoodplacedatthecenterofthetable.2．A_large_amount_of(大量的)foodandfreshwateriswastedintheworldeveryyear.3．Inordertokeep_slim(保持苗條),somanyyounggirlsalwaysskipmeals.Ⅲ.分析長難句Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個含有多個從句的主從復(fù)合句。其中and承接上文，contraryto為形容詞短語作狀語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞research；says后是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句，賓語從句中又包含一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞heavier_people。[句意翻譯]而且現(xiàn)有的研究表明，你應(yīng)該避免與食量大的較肥胖的人一起吃飯，(這項研究的成果)相反的是，你真正需要避免的是與食量大的又高又瘦的人(一起吃飯)。Ⅳ.主題語境寫作假定你是李華，是一家英文雜志社的心理咨詢師。某中學(xué)生小王給你寫了一封信，她提到自己偏胖，想節(jié)食減肥。請你給她寫一封信，談?wù)勀愕挠^點。內(nèi)容包括：1．健康比漂亮更重要；2．學(xué)生以學(xué)習(xí)為主，不要過于注重外貌(appearance)和別人的看法；3．可通過多鍛煉身體保持健康，要改變不良的飲食習(xí)慣；4．健康的心態(tài)也很重要。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：DearXiaowang，Ihavereadyourletter,inwhichyoumentionedthatyouwanttoloseweightbydieting.Itisnaturalthatyounggirlsatyouragehopetolookbeautiful.However,healthismoreimportantthanbeauty.Asastudent,studyisthefirstthingtoconsider.Sodonotletothers'opinionsaffectyournormallife.Ifyoudowanttoloseweight,it'sagoodideatodoitbygettingmoreexerciseandchangingunhealthyeatinghabits.Themostimportantthingisthatyoukeepahealthystateofmind,asitwillhelpyouwithyourstudies.Idohopemyadvicewillbehelpfultoyou.Yours,LiHua課下主題訓(xùn)練健康的生活方式、積極的生活態(tài)度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·欽州模擬)Antioxidants(抗氧化劑)incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomuchmustraisebloodpressure,whichincreasestherisk,accordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarly,greenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingevent,causedwhenabloodvessel(血管)inorservingthebrainisblocked.Thestudylookedatthedrinkinghabitsofmorethan83,000healthyadults,aged45to74,whosehealthwastrackedfor13yearsonaverage.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstroke,paredtothosewhorarelydrankit.Togetanequaleffect,aboutfourcupsofgreenteaadaywererequired.Allresultswereadjustedtotakeintoaccountdifferencesbetweenthegroupsinageposition,gender,smoking,alcohol,weight,dietandexercise.Dr.YoshihiroKokubo,leadauthorofthestudy,publishedinthejournalStroke,said,“Theregularactionofdrinkingteaandcoffee,largelybenefitscardiovascular(心臟血管的)health.”Theirresultsforcoffeeweresimilartothatof“studyofstudies”，presentedataEuropeanconference,whichfoundthatonetothreecupsadaywasassociatedwitha14percentreduction.Forthreetosixcups,thereappearedtobeasimilarbutweakerassociation,buttherewasnobenefitfromdrinkingsixormore.Exactlywhycoffeeandgreenteaappearstolowerstrokeriskisunclear,althoughantioxidantsarethoughttobeatwork.However,thescienceisbynomeanscutanddried.Caffeineraisesbloodpressure,andtherehavebeenindicationsthattoomuchcoffeecanraisestrokeriskbecauseofthis.Dr.DaleWebb,fromtheStrokeAssociationsaid,“Wewelethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.”Hethought,theresultsshowhigherconsumptionofgreenteaandcoffeemightreducetherisksofstroke.“Wewouldliketoseefurtherresearchtounderstandthesefindings，”hesaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或綠茶可以降低中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。但是，過量飲用也會導(dǎo)致血壓升高，因此，要適量飲用咖啡或綠茶。1．Whatmayleadtoastrokeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Higherbloodpressure.B．Drinkingacupofcoffeeaday.C．Blockedbloodvesselsinthebrain.D．Antioxidants.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，同樣，綠茶也有助于預(yù)防中風(fēng)，這是由于大腦內(nèi)部或服務(wù)于大腦的血管被阻塞而引起的。由此可知，當(dāng)大腦中的血管發(fā)生堵塞的時候，可能會導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)。故選C。2．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thestudymainlyfocusesonmiddle-agedpeople.B．Drinkingonecupofcoffeeadaybenefitshealth.C．Thosewhoseldomdrinkcoffeearehealthier.D．Drinkingteacontributestostroke.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與很少喝咖啡的人相比，每天至少喝一杯咖啡的人患中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險要低20%。由此可推斷，每天至少喝一杯咖啡對身體健康有好處。故選B。3．WhatistheattitudeofDr.DaleWebbtowardthisstudy?A．Hesawmorefindingsofthisstudyunsatisfiedly.B．Heunderstoodthedifficultyofthisstudy.C．Heappreciatedtheachievementsofthisstudy.D．Hewasdisappointedtofindnofollowingresearch.解析：選C觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，中風(fēng)協(xié)會的DaleWebb博士說：“我們歡迎這項研究，它表明咖啡和綠茶中的抗氧化劑的好處可以抵消咖啡因的潛在危害?！庇纱丝膳袛喑觯珼aleWebb醫(yī)生對這項研究的成果持贊賞態(tài)度。故選C。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DrinkingcoffeeraisesbloodpressureB．DrinkingteareducesstrokeC．DrinkingcoffeeequalsdrinkingteaD．Drinkingteaorcoffeeproperlymatters解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段可知，據(jù)日本研究人員稱，咖啡中的抗氧化劑被認(rèn)為有助于預(yù)防中風(fēng)，但喝太多咖啡就會導(dǎo)致血壓升高，從而增加中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。同樣，綠茶也有助于預(yù)防中風(fēng)。結(jié)合本文主要講述最新的研究表明，適當(dāng)飲用一定量的咖啡或綠茶能降低患中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險。故D選項“適當(dāng)飲用咖啡或茶很重要”最適合作標(biāo)題。故選D。BPilates,yogaandtherunningmachinegetalltheattentionwhenitestopopularwaystostayhealthy.Thereis,however,amorehumbleexercisethatmightnotbesoattractive,buthasallthebenefits—walking.CertifiedfitnessprofessionalJolynnJaekelexplains,“WhatIloveaboutwalkingisthatanyonecandoitatanyageandanyfitnesslevel.Plus,itisgoodforyourheart,yourheadandyourwallet.”Arecentreportdetailsthehealthbenefitsofwalking.Thereportfoundthatwalkingregularlytofulfillthe150minutesofmoderatephysicalexerciseeveryweek,remendedbytheUK'schiefmedicalofficer,couldsave37,000liveseachyear.ScientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryinCaliforniafoundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythanrunning.Theyobservedparticipantsagedbetween18and80overasix-yearperiodandfoundthatwalkingreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseby9.3%,whilerunningreduceditby4.5%.Andthereisevenmoregoodnews:30minutesofquickwalkingoverfivedayscouldhelpyousleepeasily,accordingtoresearchbyOregonThesooneryougetstarted,thesooneryou'llnoticethedifferencesinyourmindandbody.So,gooutforyour30-minutewalkinanearbyparkorgreenspace.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。5．Theunderlinedword“humble”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．plain B．relaxingC．popular D．a(chǎn)ctive解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)提到保持健康的方式時首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步機。然而，有一種不太引人注目的簡單運動卻讓人受益匪淺，那就是步行。由此可推知，畫線詞和“plain”意義相近。故A項正確。6．WhatdoesJolynnJaekelthinkofwalking?A．It'slovedbypeopleofallages.B．It'smuchhealthierthanrunning.C．It'samoney-savingphysicalexercise.D．It'sbeingmoreandmorepopular.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“WhatIloveaboutwalking...yourheadandyourwallet.”可知，步行對人的心臟和大腦都有好處并且可以省錢。故C項正確。7．WhatdidscientistsattheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfind?A．Walkinghelpspeoplewithsleepproblems.B．Walkingcontributestocuringheartdisease.C．Walking150minutesperweekcansavelives.D．Walkingisbetterthanrunninginsomecases.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“foundthatquickwalkingreducestheriskofheartdiseasemoreeffectivelythan