（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第42篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.通過(guò)幫助我們保持和提升總體身體健康,運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠降低我們得慢性病的幾率.反之,缺乏體育運(yùn)動(dòng)可使我們的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高.例如,那些從來(lái)不運(yùn)動(dòng)或很少運(yùn)動(dòng)的人患高血壓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高.Byhelpingustomaintainandimprove

overallphysicalfitness(1.總體身體健康),exerciselowersourchancesofdeveloping

chronicdisease(2.慢性疾病).

Conversely(3.相反),alackofphysicalactivitycanincreaseourriskforhealthproblems.Thosewhoneverorrarelyexercise,forexample,are

atgreaterriskof

(4.處于更高的……風(fēng)險(xiǎn))highbloodpressure.

1-overallphysicalfitness

詞典釋義：overallUK

[???.v?'r?：l]

US

[?o?.v?'ɑ：l]

adverb

[beforenoun]

adjective

IMPROVER

■ingeneralratherthaninparticular,orincludingall

thepeopleorthingsinaparticulargrouporsituation

總的(來(lái)說(shuō));全面的(地);包括一切的(地)?The

overall

situationisgood,despiteafewminor

problems.盡管有些小問(wèn)題,局勢(shì)總的來(lái)說(shuō)是好的.?Overall,it

hasbeenagoodyear.總的來(lái)說(shuō),這一年很不錯(cuò).?The

overall

winner,aftertengames,willreceive

$250000.10場(chǎng)比賽后,總冠軍將獲得25萬(wàn)美元.

fitness['f?t.n?s]

noun

uncountable

HEALTH

健康

IMPROVER

■theconditionofbeingphysicallystrongandhealthy

健壯;健康?I'mtryingtoimprovemy

fitness

bycyclingto

work.我每天騎腳踏車(chē)上班,想以此來(lái)改善健康狀況.

外刊例句：Swimmingisnotonlyagreattestof

overallphysicalfitness,it'sagood

waytocooloffifyoufindyourselfplayingfootballsomewhereentirely

unsuitable,suchasQatar.

()游泳不僅是測(cè)試身體機(jī)能的好途徑,而如果你是在如卡塔爾等完全不宜踢球的地方踢球的話(huà),它還是個(gè)降溫的好方法.

替換表達(dá)：overallphysicalwell-being/overallphysicalhealth

2-chronicdisease

詞典釋義：chronicUK

['kr?n.?k]

US

['krɑ：.n?k]

adjective

LONGLASTING

長(zhǎng)期的

ADVANCED

■(especiallyofadiseaseorsomethingbad)continuingfor

alongtime

(尤指疾病或不好的事物)慢性的,長(zhǎng)期的?chronic

diseases/conditions慢性病?chronic

arthritis/pain慢性關(guān)節(jié)炎／長(zhǎng)期的疼痛?a

chronic

invalid長(zhǎng)期病患者?Thereisa

chronic

shortage

ofteachers.教師長(zhǎng)期短缺.

外刊例句：Now,illnessesassociatedwithWesternliving

standardsarethefastestgrowingkillersinpoorandmiddle-income

countries.

Chronicdisease

has

becomethepoorworld'sgreatesthealthproblem.

()與西方生活水平有關(guān)的疾病現(xiàn)在正于貧困和中等收入國(guó)家迅速蔓延,毒害民眾.慢性疾病已經(jīng)成了第三世界中最嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：chronicillnesses

3-conversely

詞典釋義：conversely

●○○○○1.ADV

副詞

相反地;反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)

Yousay

conversely

to

indicatethatthesituationyouareabouttodescribeistheoppositeor

reverseoftheoneyouhavejustdescribed.

【搭配模式】：ADVwithcl

【語(yǔ)域標(biāo)簽】：FORMAL正式?Inreallife,nobodywasallbad,nor,

conversely,allgood.在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,沒(méi)有徹頭徹尾的壞人,相反地,也沒(méi)有完完全全的好人.

替換表達(dá)：ontheotherhand,in/bycontrast

外刊例句：Loneliness,

conversely,canbedeadly：onestudyfounditdidmoredamageto

healththansmoking.

()相反,孤獨(dú)其實(shí)十分致命：研究發(fā)現(xiàn),孤獨(dú)比起抽煙還要危害健康.

4-beatgreaterriskof

詞典釋義：

atrisk

IMPROVER

■inadangeroussituation

處境危險(xiǎn),冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasareat

risk

of

flooding.所有離海岸不足100米的房子都有被洪水襲擊的危險(xiǎn).

外刊例句：Teenagerswholiveinlargecitiescould

beatgreaterriskof

having

psychoticexperiences,accordingtoresearchexaminingtheimpactofurban

lifeonmentalhealth.

()根據(jù)關(guān)于城市生活對(duì)心理健康影響的調(diào)查,生活在大都市的年輕人患上心理疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高.

替換表達(dá)：athigherriskof

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Havehigh

riskof點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里缺少冠詞a,應(yīng)該改為haveahigherriskof

2.雖然人們?yōu)榱瞬杉{積極的生活方式需要付出巨大的努力,而且保持這種生活方式需要更強(qiáng)的意志力,但那些積極參加運(yùn)動(dòng)的人會(huì)獲得回報(bào),而他們?nèi)狈\(yùn)動(dòng)的同伴只會(huì)因缺乏鍛煉而吃到苦頭.Althoughitrequiresgreatefforttoadopt

anactivelifestyle

(1.積極的生活方式)andgreater

willpower

(2.意志力)tomaintainit,thosewhoarephysicallyactivewill

reaptherewards(3.獲得回報(bào)),whiletheir

sedentary

(4.缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的)counterpartswillsuffertheconsequencesofinactivity.

1-anactivelifestyle

詞典釋義：active

['?k.t?v]

adjective

BUSY/INVOLVED

忙的／參與的

ESSENTIAL

■busywithorreadytoperformaparticularactivity

忙碌的;積極的;活躍的?physically/mentally

active經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)／思想活躍?You'vegottotryto

keep

active

asyougrow

older.年紀(jì)大了,應(yīng)該盡量保持身心活躍.?Enemyforcesremain

active

inthemountainousareas

aroundthecity.敵軍在城市周?chē)纳絽^(qū)仍活動(dòng)猖獗.?She'svery

active

in

(=involvedin)local

politics.她積極參與當(dāng)?shù)氐恼位顒?dòng).?Bothofhisparentswerevery

politically

active.他的父母在政治上都很積極.?Itisimportanttoeducatechildrenbeforetheybecome

sexually

active.在孩子進(jìn)入性活躍期之前對(duì)他們進(jìn)行有關(guān)教育很重要.?Hetakesamore

active

role

intheteam

nowadays.現(xiàn)在他在隊(duì)里發(fā)揮著更為積極的作用.?She'san

active

member

ofhertradeunion(=

notonlybelongstoit,butdoesworktohelpit).她是工會(huì)中的活躍分子.

外刊例句：Apersonwith

anactivelifestyle,anathleteormanualworkerforexample,

needsahighcalorieintake.

()生活方式激烈的人群,比如運(yùn)動(dòng)員和體力勞動(dòng)者,需要高卡路里攝入.

2-willpower

詞典釋義：willpowerUK

['w?l.pa??r]

US

[-pa?r]

noun

uncountable

■theabilitytocontrolyourownthoughtsandthewayin

whichyoubehave;determination

意志力;毅力

?Ittookalotof

willpower

tostaycalm.要有很強(qiáng)的意志力才能保持平靜.?Idon'thavethe

willpower

todiet.我沒(méi)有節(jié)食的毅力.

外刊例句：

Wecouldalldowithabitofextra

willpower

–tohelpusreachour

goals,exerciseself-controlandresisttemptation.

()我們所以都可以在工作中更有意志力一點(diǎn)——意志力可以幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)、控制自我和抵制誘惑.

替換表達(dá)：determination/strengthofwill

3-reaptherewards

詞典釋義：reapthebenefit/reward,

etc.

■togetthe

benefit,etc.thatistheresultofyourownactions

得到收益／報(bào)酬等?Shestudiedeveryeveningand

reaped

the

benefitatexamtime.她每天晚上都堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí),考試時(shí)受益匪淺.?Wesoldthemmostoftheirmodernweaponsandnowweare

reaping

thebitterharvest.他們大部分的現(xiàn)代化武器都是我們賣(mài)給他們的,現(xiàn)在輪到我們自食其果了.

外刊例句：OrChancellorGerhardSchr?der,bootedoutby

Germanvotersin2005afterimposingpainfulreforms,onlytoseeAngela

Merkel

reaptherewards.()或者就像哈羅德·施羅德,他因?yàn)樵孤曒d道的改革而于2005年遭德國(guó)選民趕下臺(tái),結(jié)果只能眼睜睜地看著安吉娜·默克爾坐享其成.

替換表達(dá)：enjoy/gain/gettherewards

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：reapreward點(diǎn)評(píng)：reward在這里是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),reward在這里應(yīng)該特指"積極的生活方式帶來(lái)的好處”,因此應(yīng)該改為reapthe

rewards

4-sedentary

詞典釋義：sedentaryUK

['sed.?n.tri]

US

[-ter.i]

adjective

■involvinglittleexerciseorphysicalactivity

缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的,少活動(dòng)的?a

sedentary

job/occupation久坐的工作／職業(yè)?MydoctorsaysIshouldstartplayingsportbecausemy

lifestyle

istoo

sedentary.醫(yī)生說(shuō),我應(yīng)該做些運(yùn)動(dòng),因?yàn)槲业纳罘绞教狈\(yùn)動(dòng).

外刊例句：Theproblemisn’tjustaboutanageing

population,it’salsoaboutanincreasingly

sedentary

one.

()問(wèn)題不僅僅是人口老年化,那些日漸缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)的人群也構(gòu)成問(wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：inactive/desk-bound

Q：老師,reaptherewards這里為什么要用the,這里是特指嗎?謝謝老師!A：是的,這里加the是特指積極的生活方式帶來(lái)的好處.

Q：effort可數(shù)和不可數(shù)用法有區(qū)別嗎?A：當(dāng)effort表示"努力”這一抽象概念時(shí),它是不可數(shù)名詞,例如：Ittakesalotoftimeandefforttogetanexhibitionready.準(zhǔn)備一次展覽要花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和精力.當(dāng)effort表示某一次的努力這一具體概念時(shí),它是可數(shù)名詞,例如：Iknowyou

don'tlikeher,butpleasemakeanefforttobepolite.我知道你不喜歡她,但請(qǐng)盡量禮貌些.

3.今天,很多年輕人為了減肥而禁食或者使用減肥藥物.不幸的是,盡管這些減肥方法很流行,但它們帶有很多不良的副作用,而且也不能作為減肥的長(zhǎng)期方案.Today,manyyoungpeople

skipmeals

(1.禁食)or

useanti-obesitydrugs

(2.使用減肥藥物)inattemptstoloseweight.Unfortunately,despitethepopularityoftheseweight-reductionmethods,theyarefraughtwith

adversesideeffects(3.不良的副作用)andfailtoprovide

along-termsolution(4.長(zhǎng)期方案)toweightloss.

1-skipmeals

詞典釋義：skip[sk?p]

verb

(-pp-)

AVOID

避免

transitive

informal

■tonotdoornot

havesomethingthatyouusuallydoorthatyoushoulddo;toavoid

避免;省略?I'mtryingtoloseweight,soI'm

skipping

(=noteating)

lunch

today.我正在努力減肥,因此今天不吃午飯了.

外刊例句：More

families

skipmeals

entirely.Any

sparebitofearthistilled,eveninthecitycentre.()越來(lái)越多家庭完全禁食.每一寸土地都用于耕作,即使是市中心的也不例外.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：fasting點(diǎn)評(píng)：fasting是指因宗教原因而進(jìn)行的禁食,這與原文中為了減肥而禁食不同.

2-useanti-obesitydrugs

詞典釋義：anti-2.PREFIX

前綴

(用來(lái)構(gòu)成形容詞和名詞)表示"防…”,"抗…”,"阻止”

Anti-

isusedtoform

adjectivesandnounsthatdescribethingsthatareintendedtodestroy

somethingharmfulortopreventsomethingfromhappening.?...anti-aircraftguns.高射炮

?...anti-discriminationlegislation.反歧視法?...anti-inflammatorydrugs.消炎藥

obesity

o·be·si·ty/

o?bis?t?

;

???bi?s?ti

/nounU

1.whensomeoneisveryfatinawaythatisunhealthy肥胖癥

外刊例句：Oneofthecountry'smostcommonlyprescribed

anti-obesitydrugs

hasbeenbanned

acrossEuropeafteritwasblamedforincreasingpatients'chancesof

sufferingaheartattackorastroke.

()該國(guó)最常用的減肥處方藥之一遭受指責(zé),稱(chēng)其會(huì)增加使用者患上心臟病和中風(fēng)的概論,隨后遭到全歐禁售.

替換表達(dá)：useweight-lossdrugs/usedietpills

3-adversesideeffects

詞典釋義：adverseUK

['?d.v?：s/

UK

[-'-]

US

[?d'v?：s]

adjective

[beforenoun]

ADVANCED

■havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

不利的;負(fù)面的;有害的?Thematchhasbeencancelleddueto

adverse

weather

conditions.由于天氣惡劣,這場(chǎng)比賽已被取消.?Theyreceivedalotof

adverse

publicity/criticism

aboutthechanges.這些變化為他們招致種種負(fù)面報(bào)導(dǎo)／非議.?Sofarthedrugisthoughtnottohaveany

adverse

effects.迄今為止,人們一直認(rèn)為這種藥物沒(méi)有任何副作用.

side

effectnoun

countable

ADVANCED

■anunpleasanteffectofadrugthathappensinaddition

tothemaineffect

副作用?Doesthisdrug

have

anysideeffects?

這種藥有甚么副作用嗎?

外刊例句：Inonesense,thisisasurprise.Earlier,

smallertrialshadshownno

adverse

side-effects,whichiswhythelargetrialwasorganised.

()在某種意義來(lái)講,這讓人吃驚.更早及更小型的實(shí)驗(yàn)并沒(méi)顯示不良副作用,而這就是為何要進(jìn)行大型實(shí)驗(yàn)的原因.

替換表達(dá)：undesirablesideeffects/negativesideeffects

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)negativesideeffect點(diǎn)評(píng)：sideeffect是可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)該改為sideeffects(2)unhealthysideeffects點(diǎn)評(píng)：sideeffects不可以用unhealthy來(lái)修飾,這里可以改為harmful/negative/undesirable

sideeffects

4-along-termsolution

詞典釋義：long-termUK

[?l??'t?：m]

US

[?lɑ：?'t?：m]

adjective

IMPROVER

■continuingalongtimeintothefuture

長(zhǎng)期的?long-term

unemployment長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)?long-term

carefortheseriouslyill重病患者的長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理?the

long-term

effectsofthedrug該藥的長(zhǎng)期療效

solution[s?'lu：.??n]

noun

ANSWER

答案

ESSENTIAL

countable

■theanswertoaproblem

解決辦法;解決方案

?There'snoeasy

solution

to

thisproblem.這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有容易的解決辦法.?ShejustseemssounhappyandIdon'tknowwhatthe

solution

is.她似乎很不高興,但我不知道該怎么辦.?Whenyoufinishdoingthecrossword,the

solution

isonthebackpage.完成填字游戲后,可以翻到背面去找答案.?Theyhelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon't

giveyouany

solutions.他們會(huì)幫你充分討論你的問(wèn)題,但不會(huì)給你任何解決方案.

外刊例句：Sonowwehaveconfirmationthatthe

governmentisworkingon

along-term

solution

tothesocialcarecrisis.Oratleast"startinginternallyto

look”attheissue,whichmustbeconsideredprogressofsomekind.

()所以我們現(xiàn)在可以確定,政府正致力于研發(fā)出對(duì)于社會(huì)保障問(wèn)題的長(zhǎng)期性解決方案.或者說(shuō),政府至少"開(kāi)始正視”這問(wèn)題了,這可得看作是某種進(jìn)步.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)along-termoption點(diǎn)評(píng)：option是指"選擇”,這里應(yīng)該改為along-termsolution(2)along-termaction點(diǎn)評(píng)：along-term

action是中式說(shuō)法,action應(yīng)該改為solution

Q：side-effect和sideeffect有區(qū)別嗎?A：side-effect和sideeffect含義是相同的.

Q：badsideeffect這樣的表述合適么?A：建議改為更加常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法harmful/adverse/negative/undesirablesideeffects

4.目前已知很多種減肥藥都能引起嚴(yán)重的身體反應(yīng)(包括胃疼、失眠和心悸),其中的一些反應(yīng)會(huì)是致命性的.Manytypesofdietpillsareknownto

triggerseriousreactions(1.引起嚴(yán)重的身體反應(yīng))includingstomachpain,

insomnia(2.失眠),and

heartpalpitations(3.心悸)),someofwhichcanbecome

life-threatening(4.致命性的).

1-triggerseriousreactions

詞典釋義：

reaction[ri'?k.??n]

noun

BEHAVIOUR

反應(yīng)

ESSENTIAL

countable

■behaviour,afeelingoranactionthatisadirectresult

ofsomethingelse

反應(yīng);回應(yīng)?Ilovetowatchpeople's

reactions

whenIsaywhoI

am.我喜歡觀察人們?cè)诼?tīng)到我說(shuō)出我是誰(shuí)時(shí)的反應(yīng).?Therehasbeenanimmediate/widespread/hostile

reaction

against

thegovernment'sproposedtaxincreases.人們對(duì)政府的增稅計(jì)劃迅速作出了反應(yīng)／政府的增稅計(jì)劃引起了廣泛的反應(yīng)／政府的增稅計(jì)劃遭到了反對(duì).?Reactions

to

theproposalsofarhavebeenadverse/favourable/mixed.到目前為止,人們對(duì)該計(jì)劃一直持反對(duì)態(tài)度／表示支持／反應(yīng)不一.

外刊例句：Somewords

triggerreactions

thatdrownoutsensiblediscussionandsubsume

allothervoices.'Sharia'isoneofthem.

()某些詞匯會(huì)引起反應(yīng),引發(fā)明顯爭(zhēng)論,把各種意見(jiàn)都?xì)w于其中.'Sharia'便是其一.

替換表達(dá)：causeseriousreactions

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：leadto

serioushealthyreactions點(diǎn)評(píng)：healthyreaction的說(shuō)法不正確,應(yīng)該改為leadtoseriousreactions

2-insomnia

詞典釋義：insomniaUK

[?n's?m.ni.?]

US

[-'sɑ：m-]

noun

uncountable

■whensomeoneisunabletosleep,overaperiodoftime

失眠(癥)?Holly

sufferedfrom

insomnia

formonths

afterherdaughterwasborn.霍利在女兒出生后失眠了好幾個(gè)月.

外刊例句："Whenyouhave

insomnia,"musesthesleep-deprivedprotagonistplayedby

EdwardNortoninthefilm"FightClub","you'reneverreally

asleep,andyou'reneverreallyawake."

()愛(ài)德華·諾頓在電影《搏擊俱樂(lè)部》中扮演的無(wú)法入睡的主角沉思著說(shuō)"若你患有失眠癥,你將永遠(yuǎn)都無(wú)法真正入睡,也將容易無(wú)法真正醒來(lái).”

替換表達(dá)：sleepdeprivation/sleeplessness

3-hear