2024屆福建省泉州市高三上學(xué)期畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)(二)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

泉州市2024屆高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)(二)高三英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前,考生須在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的位置填寫自己的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)答題卡上粘貼的條形碼的“準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名”與考生本人準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名是否一致。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束,考生須將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Takeacourse.B.Attendsomeshows.C.Learnfromanapp.2.Whenshallthefoodarriveprobably?A.At11:25.B.At11:30.C.At11:35.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Auniversity.C.Acity.4.WhichactivityattractsMr.Bergemore?A.Havinganinterview.B.Visitingtheschoolclubs.C.Touringthecampus.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.SightseeinginLondon.B.Talkingonavideochat.C.Makingasettlementplan.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatworriestheman?A.Choiceofdiningplaces.B.Limitedfoodmaterials.C.Hispoorcookingskill.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Cleanthekitchen.B.Preparethefilling.C.Makedumplingwrappers.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Howdidthemanfindtheexhibitionatfirst?A.Inspiring.B.Disappointing.C.Interesting.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Athome.C.Inagallery.10.Whatmayappealtotheman?A.Portugalpaintings.B.Spanishpaintings.C.Chinesepaintings.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whyistheblackboardshownintheexhibition?A.Itaffectedpeople’slivesgreatly.B.Itrecordedthehistoryofthetown.C.Itservedawiderangeoffunctions.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkhisgrandfathercouldlendtothemuseum?A.Aweddingphoto.B.Ateapot.C.Asportsshirt.13.Wherewilltheresultsofthevotebeshown?A.Inawindowdisplay.B.Inalocalnewspaper.C.Onthemuseumwebsite.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.WhatdoesMinorMynasmainlydoforkids?A.Itspreadsinternationalnews.B.Itconnectsgloballanguagelearners.C.Itoffersplatformstointroducepublicspeakers.15.HowdoesHillaryYipfeelwhenpresentingMinorMynas?A.Confident.B.Nervous.C.Careful.16.WhatinspiredHillaryYiptosetupMinorMynas?A.Manyparents’expectations.B.Herlanguagelearningexperience.C.Thelackoflanguagelessons.17.WhatdoesHillaryYipthinkisthebestwaytochangetheworld?A.Settingupcompanies.B.Joininginpolitics.C.Doingeducation.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhatistheadvantageofHermanusforwhalewatching?A.Itslocation.B.Itstrafficcondition.C.Itsmusicalatmosphere.19.WhatdoesWhaleCrierdo?A.Ittellspeoplewheretoseewhales.B.Itattractswhalestotheclosershore.C.Itwarnspeopletostayawayfromshore.20.Whatdoesthetalkfocuson?A.Protectionofsealives.B.Afestivalwithrichactivities.C.Introductiontoseasiderecreations.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJOINTODAYEnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.FAMILYMEMBERSHIPJOINTMEMBERSHIPINDIVIDUALMEMBERSHIPFAMILY1ADULTFamilyofoneadultandupto6children￡69forayearJOINTADULTTwoadultsaged18years+￡120forayearINDIVIDUALADULTOneadultaged26years+￡69forayearFAMILY2ADULTSFamilyoftwoadultsandupto12children￡120forayearJOINTSENIORTwoadultsaged65years+￡96forayearSENIOROneadultaged65years+￡63forayear**Upto6kidsgofreewitheachadult.MEMBERSHIPPACKBecomeaMembertoreceive:UNLIMITEDACCESStoover400historicplacesFreeMEMBERS’HANDBOOKtoplandaysoutReducedpriceentrytoourEVENTSFREEENTRYforuptosixchildrenMEMBERS-ONLYMAGAZINEFREEPARKINGatEnglishHeritagesitesMEMBERS’REWARDSoffersongreatbrandsNEEDHELP?SPEAKTOUSOurMembershipTeamareonhandifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutanew,orexistingmembership.Monday-Sat,9am-5pm.TELEPHONE:03703331181FAQSGotaquestion?SeeifwehaveanswereditalreadyinourFrequentlyAskedQuestions1.Howmuchshouldtwoseniorswiththreekidspayatleasttoownannualmemberships?A.￡69. B.￡96. C.￡108. D.￡120.2.WhatisoneofthememberbenefitsofEnglishHeritagesites?A.Freeaccesstoitshistoricsites.B.Guidedoutingactivities.C.Zeroadmissiontoitsevents.D.Discountedcar-parkingfee.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toeducate. B.Toentertain. C.Toanalyze. D.Toinform.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，主要介紹了加入英國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)會(huì)員所需費(fèi)用及可享受的福利?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一份表格第三行第二列“JOINTSENIOR,Twoadultsaged65years+,￡96forayear(兩名65歲以上的成年人，￡96一年)”可知，兩個(gè)老人想要擁有年度會(huì)員資格需要付￡96，再根據(jù)第一份表格下面“Upto6kidsgofreewitheachadult.(一個(gè)成年人最多可以帶6個(gè)孩子免費(fèi))”可知，三個(gè)孩子免費(fèi)，所以兩個(gè)帶有三個(gè)孩子的老人至少要付￡96才能擁有年度會(huì)員。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二份表格第一列中“BecomeaMembertoreceive:UNLIMITEDACCESStoover400historicplaces,(成為會(huì)員可獲得：無(wú)限制地訪問(wèn)400多個(gè)歷史名勝)”及文章開(kāi)頭“EnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.(擁有年度會(huì)員資格，即可無(wú)限量訪問(wèn)數(shù)百處英國(guó)遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，英國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)的會(huì)員福利是免費(fèi)參觀其歷史遺跡。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭“EnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.(擁有年度會(huì)員資格，即可無(wú)限量訪問(wèn)數(shù)百處英國(guó)遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，本文是一則廣告，主要介紹了加入英國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)會(huì)員所需費(fèi)用及可享受的福利，所以文章目的是告知人們知曉。故選D項(xiàng)。B3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstacles(障礙)thatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiangfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasthechampionofthe20233Mevent.B.Heinventedtechnologytoremoveroadobstacles.C.Hesoughttoassisttheblindinwalkingsmoothly.D.Hedevelopedanewnavigationappforhisschool.5.WhydidJiangmention“echolocation”?A.Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Topresentthedifficultiestheblindface.C.Tostressthesignificanceofhearing.D.Toexplaintheinspirationofhisinvention.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dodge”meaninparagraph4?A.Avoid.B.Encounter.C.Challenge.D.Remove.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.3Mfacilitiesintendedfortheblind.B.Ateenusingsoundtohelptheblind.C.Aninventiontocurevisionproblems.D.Acompetitiontoimprovetheblind’slife.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一個(gè)青少年SeanJiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstacles(障礙)thatmaybeincoming.(14歲的Jiang決定幫助那些看不見(jiàn)的人。盲人很難在中遠(yuǎn)距離的物體上導(dǎo)航。因此，Jiang想設(shè)計(jì)一些東西，讓他們對(duì)可能到來(lái)的障礙有所預(yù)警。)”可知，Jiang設(shè)法幫助盲人順利行走。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.(Jiang的靈感來(lái)自于聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng)的力量。)”以及Jiang所說(shuō)“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk.(我在學(xué)校里學(xué)過(guò)蝙蝠和鯨魚能夠利用回聲定位來(lái)幫助它們導(dǎo)航，而且我還在YouTube上看到一些非常熟練的盲人利用回聲定位來(lái)幫助他們走路。)”可知，Jiang提到“回聲定位”是為了解釋他的發(fā)明靈感。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句后文“Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.(當(dāng)盲人使用該設(shè)備行走時(shí)，深度相機(jī)的傳感器會(huì)收集有關(guān)障礙物位置和距離的信息。然后其中的人工智能系統(tǒng)將把距離數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為音樂(lè)聲音引導(dǎo)。這可以顯著提高盲人的行走速度，并減少他們撞到的障礙物數(shù)量。)”說(shuō)明該設(shè)備能夠幫助盲人避開(kāi)障礙物，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.(他的發(fā)明使用了一個(gè)深度相機(jī)，可以探測(cè)到物體有多近，從而有足夠的時(shí)間dodge障礙物。)”故劃線詞匯意思是“避開(kāi)”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段中“14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.(14歲的Jiang決定幫助那些看不見(jiàn)的人。)”以及第三段中“Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.(Jiang的靈感來(lái)自于聽(tīng)覺(jué)系統(tǒng)的力量。)”等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一個(gè)青少年SeanJiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走。故選B項(xiàng)。CWhendeliveringmedicationstopatients,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection(注射)intothebloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanuncomfortableexperience,especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead,drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now,inspiredbyoctopussuckers(章魚吸盤),researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesignedaneedle-freealternative:atiny,drug-filled,cup-likepatch(貼片)thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign,theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles,akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forcomparison,theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours,theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersself-appliedwater-filledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes,onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff,whichwasbecauseofimproperplacement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still,theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules,suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis,buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.8.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A.Tohelppatientsovercomethefearofneedles.B.Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C.Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D.Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.9.Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A.Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B.Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C.Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D.Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A.Innovativeandprofitable.B.Effectiveanduser-friendly.C.Affordableandaccessible.D.Flexibleandlong-lasting.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A.Therelatedissuestobesolved.B.Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C.Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D.Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了中國(guó)和瑞士研究人員設(shè)計(jì)了一種用來(lái)輸送藥物的杯狀貼片裝置?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead,drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.(雖然患者可以選擇服用口服藥片，但這種含有大分子的藥物不能有效吸收。)”和第二段中“Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.(研究小組在《科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中報(bào)告說(shuō)，這種裝置很容易獲得，可以隨時(shí)取下，藥物通過(guò)臉頰內(nèi)側(cè)的內(nèi)壁被吸收。)”可知，研究人員研發(fā)這種貼片是為了提供一種更好的藥物輸送方式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Afterthreehours,theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.(三小時(shí)后，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，貼著貼片的狗血液中的藥物濃度比服用藥片的狗高出150多倍。)”可知，對(duì)狗的研究證明，貼片比藥片更能吸收藥物。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.(研究小組在《科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中報(bào)告說(shuō)，這種裝置很容易獲得，可以隨時(shí)取下，藥物通過(guò)臉頰內(nèi)側(cè)的內(nèi)壁被吸收。)”和第三段中“Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)貼片對(duì)大分子藥物有效。)”以及第四段中“Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.(大多數(shù)志愿者表示，他們更喜歡貼片，而不是每天注射。)”可知，該設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)是有效和對(duì)用戶友好。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Still,theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.(不過(guò)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)只測(cè)試了很短的時(shí)間，所以他們需要弄清楚如果反復(fù)使用會(huì)發(fā)生什么。)”和“They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules,suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis,buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.(他們還需要確定哪些藥物可以與該技術(shù)一起工作：目標(biāo)是大分子，例如用于治療肥胖或骨質(zhì)疏松癥的藥物，但它們不能太大而無(wú)法裝入杯子（杯狀貼片）。)”可知，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一技術(shù)還需要解決的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)。DYouseeashoppertripoverinabusystreet.Someoneelsecanhelp.That’swhatyoutellyourself.Thisisthebystandereffectinaction—thedilution(淡化)ofresponsibilityinthepresenceofothers—andithasbeendemonstratedinmanypaststudies.Butlifeiscomplicatedandpsychologistshaveseenexceptionalcircumstances.TwoexperimentswereconductedbyMarcovanBommelandhisteamusinganonlinechatroomforpeoplewithextremeemotionalproblems.Eighty-sixstudentswereloggedintotheforum(論壇)andshownfivemessagesfromtroubledusers.Theyweretoldtowriteareplyiftheywanted,butitwasentirelyuptothem.Basically,participantscouldseetheirnamesonthescreenalongsideothers’names.Acounteralsotoldthemiftheforumwasquiet,withjustoneotherpersonloggedin,orbusy,with30othersonline.ThisarrangementreproducedtheclassicBystanderEffect-participantswerelesslikelytopostreplieswithmorepeopleloggedin.However,whentheresearcherscued(提示)self-awarenessbyhighlightingparticipants’namesinredonthescreen,theypostedmorerepliesonabusyforum.Asecondstudywasbuiltonthesefindings,butthistimeself-awarenesswasraisedbythepresence,ornot,ofacomputerweb-camera.Over100participantstookpart.Althoughtoldthecamerawouldn’tbeuseduntillater,thosewithcameraswereaskedtocheckthecamera’sindicator-lightduringthestudy.TheBystanderEffectwasreproducedwhenweb-cameraswereabsent-onbusyforumsparticipantspostedfewerrepliestoneedyusers.Bycontrast,thosecuedtobeself-awarebytheweb-camactuallywrotemorereplies.Nearlyanyonlinecommunitycanbenefitfromtheresearch.Theabilitytoturnhesitantbystandersintoeagerhelpersisarecipeforengagementandcollectivebenefit.Asintheresearch,simpledesigncuescouldbeintegratedtohelponlineusersremembertheyarevisibletothecommunity.Forexample,thesizeofprofileimagesandspecificon-sitereminderscanbeusedtohighlighthowusersseethemselveswithinthecommunity.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.Thehiddendangerofabusystreet.B.Thebystandereffectinaction.C.Thedilutionofresponsibility.D.Thepresenceofotherpeople.13.Inthefirststudy,theparticipantspostedmorerepliestothetroubledwhenA.thereweremoreemotionalproblemsB.thecounterindicatedtheforumwasquietC.theirpresencewasremindedonthescreenD.moreindividualswereloggedintheforum14.Whyistheweb-camerausedinthesecondstudy?A.Toencouragemorereplies.B.Toreproducethebystandereffect.C.Tofurthertestparticipants’mindset.D.Tobetterrecordparticipants’actions.15.Whatstrategycanonlinecommunitieslearnfromtheresearch?A.Workingtogethertoattractmoreusers.B.Combiningdesignstoboostusers’memory.C.Buildingmoreplatformsforpublicpromotion.D.Exploringwaystochangebystandersintoupstanders.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了對(duì)旁觀者效應(yīng)的研究，該研究能使在線社區(qū)受益，把旁觀者變成挺身而出者。12題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞前文“Thisisthebystandereffectinaction—thedilution(淡化)ofresponsibilityinthepresenceofothers(這就是行動(dòng)中的旁觀者效應(yīng)——在他人在場(chǎng)的情況下責(zé)任被稀釋)”談?wù)摬⒔忉屃诵袆?dòng)中的旁觀者效應(yīng)，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“andithasbeendemonstratedinmanypaststudies(it在過(guò)去的許多研究中都得到證明)”中劃線的“it”指的是“行動(dòng)中的旁觀者效應(yīng)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,whentheresearcherscued(提示)self-awarenessbyhighlightingparticipants’namesinredonthescreen,theypostedmorerepliesonabusyforum.(然而，當(dāng)研究人員通過(guò)在屏幕上用紅色標(biāo)出參與者的名字來(lái)提示自我意識(shí)時(shí)，他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)繁忙的論壇上發(fā)表了更多的回復(fù))”可知，在第一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)參與者的存在在屏幕上被提醒時(shí)，參與者會(huì)對(duì)問(wèn)題用戶發(fā)布更多回復(fù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asecondstudywasbuiltonthesefindings,butthistimeself-awarenesswasraisedbythepresence,ornot,ofacomputerweb-camera.(第二項(xiàng)研究建立在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，但這一次，自我意識(shí)是由電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭的存在或不存在引起的)”和“TheBystanderEffectwasreproducedwhenweb-cameraswereabsent-onbusyforumsparticipantspostedfewerrepliestoneedyusers.Bycontrast,thosecuedtobeself-awarebytheweb-camactuallywrotemorereplies.(當(dāng)沒(méi)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭時(shí)，旁觀者效應(yīng)也會(huì)重現(xiàn)——在繁忙的論壇上，參與者對(duì)需要幫助的用戶的回復(fù)更少。相比之下，那些被網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭提示有自我意識(shí)的人實(shí)際上寫了更多的回復(fù))”可推知，在第二個(gè)研究中使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭是為了進(jìn)一步測(cè)試參與者的心態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Nearlyanyonlinecommunitycanbenefitfromtheresearch.Theabilitytoturnhesitantbystandersintoeagerhelpersisarecipeforengagementandcollectivebenefit.(幾乎所有的在線社區(qū)都能從這項(xiàng)研究中受益。把猶豫不決的旁觀者變成熱心的幫助者的能力，是促成參與和集體利益的秘訣)”可推知，在線社區(qū)可以從研究中學(xué)到把旁觀者變成挺身而出者的方法。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Forthepasttwomonths,MandyChen,asecond-yearstudentatBeijingUniversityofTechnology,hasbeenpostingphotosofherselftoTaobao,posingwithareusablecup,climbingstairsandswitchingofflights.____16____Taobao’sAlalgorithm(算法)calculatesthatChen’suseofareusablecupreduced15.7gramsofcarbonemissions(排放),whileherchoicetotakethestairsinsteadoftheliftresultedinareductionof19.5grams.____17____Aftersevendaysofpostingherphotos,ChenexchangedthepointsforadozenofbiodegradablerubbishbagsfromTaobao.Everyonecangetanendlesssupplyoffreetrashbagsiftheykeepgoing,accordingtoChen.____18____ChenusesCarbon88,aplatformlaunchedlastAugustbyAlibabaGroupHolding,tohelpthemorethan800millionusersonTaobaoadoptasustainablelifestyle.Theplatformrewardsusersforover70low-carbonbehaviours.____19____Italsorecommendsproductsthatitconsidersenvironmentallysustainable,andgivesuserspointsforbuyingthem.____20____“Ididn’tknowthatmyactionscouldproducesuchcarbonreduction,”Chensaid,“NowIfeelgoodforwhatI’mdoingtomakethisworldatinybitbetter.Weasapartofsocietycancallformoresystemicchanges.”A.Itencouragesthemtoreducetheircarbonfootprint.B.Andhereffortstosaveelectricityprevented65.50grams.C.It’savaluableadditiontocurrentcarbon-reductionpolicies.D.CarbonreductionhashelpedincreaseChen’senvironmentalawareness.E.Withinminutes,shereceivesadozenpointsfromtheappasareward.F.Theyrangefromtakingpublictransporttoshoppingofsecond-handitems.G.Sheisnowsavingpointsforsomethingbetter,likesnacksandwaterbottles.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了北京工業(yè)大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生MandyChen在淘寶的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制中進(jìn)行環(huán)保行為，并提高了環(huán)保意識(shí)?！?6題詳解】上文“Forthepasttwomonths,MandyChen,asecond-yearstudentatBeijingUniversityofTechnology,hasbeenpostingphotosofherselftoTaobao,posingwithareusablecup,climbingstairsandswitchingofflights.(在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)二年級(jí)學(xué)生MandyChen一直在淘寶上曬自己的照片，擺出拿著可重復(fù)使用的杯子、爬樓梯和關(guān)燈的姿勢(shì)。)”說(shuō)明MandyChen在淘寶上曬自己所做的有利于環(huán)境的照片，選項(xiàng)E“幾分鐘內(nèi)，她就會(huì)從應(yīng)用中獲得12分作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?！焙蜕衔拇嬖谝蚬P(guān)系，因?yàn)樗秊榄h(huán)境做出的努力，得到淘寶的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Taobao’sAlalgorithm(算法)calculatesthatChen’suseofareusablecupreduced15.7gramsofcarbonemissions(排放),whileherchoicetotakethestairsinsteadoftheliftresultedinareductionof19.5grams.(淘寶的人工智能算法計(jì)算出，Chen使用可重復(fù)使用的杯子減少了15.7克的碳排放量，而她選擇走樓梯而不是乘電梯減少了19.5克的碳排放量。)”介紹Chen的各種環(huán)保行為減少的具體碳排放量，選項(xiàng)B“她為節(jié)省電力所做的努力減少了65.50克?！背薪由衔?，繼續(xù)介紹Chen的節(jié)省電力環(huán)保行為減少的碳排放量。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Aftersevendaysofpostingherphotos,ChenexchangedthepointsforadozenofbiodegradablerubbishbagsfromTaobao.Everyonecangetanendlesssupplyoffreetrashbagsiftheykeepgoing,accordingtoChen.(在曬出她的照片7天后，Chen用這些積分從淘寶上換了12個(gè)可生物降解的垃圾袋。根據(jù)Chen的說(shuō)法，如果每個(gè)人都堅(jiān)持下去，就可以得到源源不斷的免費(fèi)垃圾袋。)”說(shuō)明Chen已經(jīng)用積分換了垃圾袋，選項(xiàng)G“她現(xiàn)在正在攢積分換取更好的東西，比如零食和水瓶?！背薪由衔?，介紹她現(xiàn)在正在準(zhǔn)備攢積分換更好的東西。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Theplatformrewardsusersforover70low-carbonbehaviours.(該平臺(tái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)用戶70多種低碳行。)”談到平臺(tái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)用戶70多種低碳行為，選項(xiàng)F“它們包括從乘坐公共交通工具到購(gòu)買二手物品?！背薪由衔模f(shuō)明這70多種低碳行為包括哪些內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)中They指上文中over70low-carbonbehaviours，語(yǔ)義一致，故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“‘Ididn’tknowthatmyactionscouldproducesuchcarbonreduction,’Chensaid,‘NowIfeelgoodforwhatI’mdoingtomakethisworldatinybitbetter.Weasapartofsocietycancallformoresystemicchanges.’(‘我不知道我的行動(dòng)能產(chǎn)生如此多的碳減排，’Chen說(shuō)，‘現(xiàn)在我為自己所做的讓這個(gè)世界變得更好而感到高興。作為社會(huì)的一部分，我們可以呼吁更多的系統(tǒng)性變革?！?”說(shuō)明碳減排行動(dòng)提高了Chen的環(huán)保意識(shí)，Chen在為保護(hù)環(huán)境呼吁更多的變革，選項(xiàng)D“減少碳排放幫助Chen提高了環(huán)保意識(shí)?！币I(lǐng)下文，概括了本段主題，說(shuō)明碳減排行動(dòng)提高了Chen的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。HarryBurleighheadedintothewoodsforacampingtripwithhisfishingequipment.Afewdayslater,hiswifeStacygrew____21____whenhedidn’tcomehomeasplanned.Stacycalledthe____22____toreportherhusband’smissing.Searchandrescueteams____23____begantheirworkandwentonfordays,buttherewasno____24____ofHarryanywhere.Everyonewasworried—thetemperatureswerequitelowsomenights,andithadevensnowed.OnMay15,therescuersfinallycaughtabreakwhenthey____25____ashelterandhisfishingequipment.They____26____supportfromover16rescueorganizations,andtheyexploredeverypossible____27____butwithnoluck.Therefore,therescuers____28____himalighterandanotetellinghimtomakea____29____andtheywouldbeback.Twodayslater,ateamfoundanother_____30_____,butthistime,Harrywasnearbyandheardhisnamecalled!Itturnedouthewas_____31_____alongthepathwithminorpain._____32_____,thecrewradioedforahelicoptertotakehimtothehospitalforacompleteevaluationafterspending17longdaysout.“Thiswasthe_____33_____weallhavebeenlookingforinthiscase,”arescuersaid.“Itisour_____34_____searchandrescueteamsandthepartnershipswehavewithotherteamsthathelped_____35_____Mr.Burleighandhisfamily.”21.A.excited B.concerned C.annoyed D.puzzled22.A.authorities B.hospital C.agencies D.family23.A.hesitantly B.instantly C.secretly D.suddenly24.A.news B.hope C.sign D.wonder25.A.spotted B.offered C.sought D.constructed26.A.turneddown B.dependedon C.calledin D.cutoff27.A.equipment B.break C.food D.path28.A.bought B.left C.presented D.fetched29.A.fire B.bed C.video D.face30.A.river B.chance C.team D.shelter31.A.hunting B.exploring C.walking D.marching32.A.Amused B.Awkward C.Upset D.Relieved33.A.cause B.outcome C.award D.evaluation34.A.determined B.tolerant C.disciplined D.flexible35.A.affect B.instruct C.encourage D.reunite【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.D33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了HarryBurleigh去露營(yíng)失蹤了，妻子向當(dāng)局報(bào)告，救援隊(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)不懈搜救終于找到Harry，幫助他和家人團(tuán)聚的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天后，他的妻子Stacy開(kāi)始擔(dān)心他因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有按計(jì)劃回家。A.excited興奮的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.annoyed煩惱的；D.puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)前文“HarryBurleighheadedintothewoodsforacampingtripwithhisfishingequipment.”和后文“whenhedidn’tcomehomeasplanned”可知，HarryBurleigh去露營(yíng)但是沒(méi)有按計(jì)劃回家，這令妻子很擔(dān)心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Stacy打電話給當(dāng)局報(bào)告她丈夫失蹤了。A.authorities當(dāng)局；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.agencies代理機(jī)構(gòu)；D.family家庭。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“toreportherhusband’smissing”可知，Stacy打電話給當(dāng)局報(bào)告她丈夫失蹤了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：搜救隊(duì)立即開(kāi)始了他們的工作，持續(xù)了幾天，但到處都沒(méi)有Harry的蹤影。A.hesitantly遲疑地；B.instantly立即；C.secretly秘密地；D.suddenly突然。根據(jù)前文“toreportherhusband’smissing”和后文“begantheirwork”可知，得知Harry失蹤了，搜救隊(duì)立即開(kāi)始搜救工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.news新聞；B.hope希望；C.sign蹤跡；D.wonder奇跡。根據(jù)前文“Searchandrescueteams____3____begantheirworkandwentonfordays,buttherewasno”可知，搜救隊(duì)開(kāi)始搜救工作，但是沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)Harry的蹤跡。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：5月15日，救援人員終于找到了突破口，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)庇護(hù)所和他的捕魚設(shè)備。A.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.offered提供；C.sought尋求；D.constructed建造。根據(jù)前文“therescuersfinallycaughtabreak”和后文“ashelterandhisfishingequipment”可知，救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)庇護(hù)所和Harry的捕魚設(shè)備。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們順道向超過(guò)16個(gè)救援組織尋求幫助，他們探索了每一條可能的道路，但運(yùn)氣不好。A.turneddown拒絕；B.dependedon依靠；C.calledin順道走訪；D.cutoff切斷。根據(jù)后文“supportfromover16rescueorganizations”可知，搜救隊(duì)順道向超過(guò)16個(gè)救援組織尋求幫助。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.equipment設(shè)備；B.break休息；C.food食物；D.path道路。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“theyexploredeverypossible”可知，因?yàn)槭窃趯ふ沂й櫟娜耍丫汝?duì)搜索了每一條可能的道路。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，救援人員給他留下了一個(gè)打火機(jī)和一張紙條，告訴他生火，他們會(huì)回來(lái)的。A.bought買；B.left留下；C.presented呈現(xiàn)；D.fetched取來(lái)。根據(jù)后文“himalighterandanotetellinghimtomakea____9____andtheywouldbeback”可知，救援人員給Harry留下一個(gè)打火機(jī)和一張紙條。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.fire火；B.