神經(jīng)病學(xué)緒論英文課件

Introduction

toNeurology

Englishcourseware?

Thebasicstructureofthe?

Neurologicaldisorders目錄?

Preventionofneurologicaldiseases01The

basic

structureof

the

nervoussystemNeuronNeurons

arethebasic

functional

units

ofthe

nervous

systemThey

are

specializedcells

that

process

andtransit

information

through

electrical

andchemical

signalsNeurons

havea

cell

body,

dents,

and

anaxonThe

axisis

thelongprojectionthat

transferselectrical

impulses

toother

nerves

or

effectorganizationsSynapseAsynapseisthegapbetweentheaxonofoneneuronandthedentesorcellbodyofanotherneuronItisaspecializedstructurethatallowscommunicationbetweenneuronsAtthesynapse,theTheneurotransmitterreleasedbytheaxondiffusesacrosstheelectricalimpulsetransmittedbytheaxisisconvertedintoachemicalsignalthatisreceivedbythedentesorcellbodyofthenextneuronsynapticclearandbinstoreceiversonthenextneuron,initiatinganewelectricalimpulseNeurological

cells01020304Astrocytesregulatetheflowofnutrientsandionsinthebrain,whileNeurologicalcellsarenonneuronalcellsthatsupportandprotectneuronsTheyprovidephysicalsupport,insulation,andnutrientstoneuronsAstrocytesandmicrogliaaretwotypesofmicrogliaphagocytosedebrisandparticleinimmuneresponsesneurologicalcells02The

function

of

thenervous

systemFeelSensation

and

perceptionThenervoussystemprocessesinformationfromtheenvironmentandinternalorganizations,allowingustosenseandperceivetemperature,touch,paint,vibration,andotherstimuliTaste

and

smallThenervoussystemalsoprocessesinformationfromTasteBudsandOlfactoryreceivers,allowingustodetectandapprovetheflamesandodorsoffoodandothersubstancesMotionMotor

controlThenervoussystemcoordinatesthecontractofmusclestoproductmovement,allowingustomoveourbodiesinacoordinatedandpurposefulmannerReflexesThenervoussystemalsorespondsquicklytohiddenchangesintheenvironment,suchasahiddenpaintorahotsurface,byautomaticallydrawingtheaffectedbodyparttoprotectitfromharmAutonomous

nervous

systemHomeostasisTheautonomousnervoussystemregulatestheinternalenvironmentofthebody,maintaininghomeostasisbycontrollingheartrate,bloodpressure,aspiration,digestion,andothervitalfunctionsEmotional

responseTheautonomousnervoussystemalsomediatesouremotionalresponses,suchasthe"rightorflight"responsetodangerortherelaxationresponsetorestandrelaxationCognitive

and

emotionalLearning

and

memoryThenervoussystemprocessesinformationandstoresmemories,allowingustolearnnewskills,rememberpastevents,andmakedecisionsbasedonpastexperiencesArousal

and

consciousnessThenervoussystemmaintainsourlevelofarousalandconsciousness,keepingusawakeandawareofoursurroundingatalltimes03NeurologicaldisordersCerebral

ApoplexyCerebralApoplexyreferstoarecentonsetoffocalorglobalcerebralischemia,resultingincorrespondingneurologicaldefectsItisthemostcommontypeofstrokes,accountingforabout80%ofallstrokesCerebrolApoplexyisoftencausedbyastrolysis,thrombosis,electromagnetism,andotherreasons,leadingtoblockageofbloodflowinthebrainThemainsymbolsofcerebralApoplexyincludeincludedadditionalonsetofheadache,invoicing,hemiplegia,andothersymbolsParkinson's

disease01020304Parkinson'sdiseaseisachronicneurogenicThemainsymptomsofParkinson'sdiseaseincludesymptoms,musclestiffness,slowmovement,andbalanceproblemsThereasonofParkinson'sdiseaseisnotfullyThetreatmentofParkinson'sdiseasemainlyincludesdrugtherapyandsurgicaltherapydiseasethatmainlyunderstood,butitisgenerallybelievedtoberelatedtogeneticandenvironmentalfactorsaffectsthemotorsystemAlzheimer

diseaseAlzheimer'sdiseaseisacommonneurogenicdiseaseintheelderly,whichmainlyaffectsmemoryandthinkingabilityThemainsymptomsofAlzheimer'sdiseaseincludememoryloss,fusion,differentiation,andothersymptoms輸入02標(biāo)題0103ThetreatmentofAlzheimer'sdiseasemainlyincludesdrugtherapyandcognitivebehavioraltherapyThecauseofAlzheimer'sdiseaseisnotfullyunderstood,butitisgenerallybelievedtoberelatedtogeneticandenvironmentalfactors0404Diagnosis

ofneurologicaldiseasesPhysical

examinationGeneral

examination1Checkingtheoverallconditionofthepatient,includingvitalsigns,weight,height,andbodymassindexNeurological

examinationExaminingthenervoussystem,includingcranialnerves,motorfunction,sensitivity,andcoordination23Systemic

examinationCheckingotherorganizationsandsystemsthatmaybeaffectedbytheneurologicaldiseaseNeuroimaging

examinationMRI

scanUsingmagneticresonanceimagingtocreatedetailedimagesofthebrainandspinalcordCT

scanUsingcomputedtomographytocreateimagesofthebrainandotherpartsofthenervoussystemUltrasoundUsinghighfrequencysoundwavestocreateimagesofthebrainandotherpartsofthenervoussystemNeuroelectrophysiological

examinationElectroencephalogram

(EEG)01MeasuringelectricalactivityinthebrainusingelectrodesplacedonthescaleElectromyogram

(EMG)02MeasuringelectricalactivityinmusclesusingelectrodesinsertedintothemuscleNerve

conduction

study03Measuringthespeedandexampleofelectricalimpulsestravelingthroughnervesusingelectrodesplacedontheskin05Treatment

ofneurologicaldisordersDrug

therapy01020304AntidepressantsandantipsychoticsareusedtomanagethesymptomsofmentalIllnessMedicationsaretheprimarytreatmentformostneurologicaldisordersAnticonvulsantsareusedtocontrolseizesinepisodeMedicationscanbeadministeredorally,intravenously,orintraventricallySurgical

treatmentSurgeryisindicatedforsomeneurologicaldisorders,suchasbraintutorsandseveralepisodesSurgicalprocedurescanincludebrainbiopsy,restorationofatutor,orimplementationofelectrodesfordeepbrainstimulationPostoperativecareandrehabilitationareessentialforrecoveryRehabilitation

therapyRehabilitationtherapyisessentialforpatientswithlongtermorpermanentneurologicaldisabilitiesThegoalofrehabilitationtherapyistomaximizefunctionandindependencewhilemanagingsymptomsTopicsincludephysicaltherapy,occupationaltherapy,speechtherapy,andcognitivebehavioraltherapy06Prevention

ofneurologicaldiseasesControl

risk

factorsControl

tensionRegularlymonitorbloodpressure,maintainahealthydiet,reducesaltandfatintake,andexerciseregularlytokeepbloodpressurewithinthenormalrangeControl

diamondsMaintainahealthydiet,exerciseregularly,andtakemedicineassubscribedtocontrolbloodsugarlevelsControl

cholesterolAdoptahealthydiet,maintainanormalweight,andtakemedicineassubscribedtocontrolbloodcholesterollevelsRaise

public

awarenessEnhance

public

understanding

of

neurological

disordersProvidepubliceducationonthecauses,symptoms,andtreatmentofneurologicaldisorderstoincreaseaware