2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)名詞專題講解

第一講名詞

?知識梳理?

一、名詞的種類

專有名詞普通名詞

國名、地名、人可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞

名、月份、節(jié)日、個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞

團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱

China,Mary,book,student,family,class,success,health,rain,rice,snow,

Jim,America,teacher,penteam,groupbeauty,educationcorn,water,inilk

二、名詞的數(shù)

1.規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：

2.不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式:

3.不可數(shù)名詞及量的表達(dá)、修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞

Water,tea,milk,crange,ink,rain,snow,weather,juice,

fruit,coffee,food,salt,rice,meat,bread,cotton,

初中階段學(xué)過的不可數(shù)名詞

homework,housework,money,knowledge,news,

information,chalk,progress,traffic,oil,air

Apieceofpaper,aglassofwater,acupoftea,abagof

用apieceof這類定語+名詞

rice,twokilosofpears

Therichmanhasalotofmoney.

much,little,alittle,abitof等修飾不

Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

可數(shù)名詞

Thereislessandlesswaterontheearth.

many,several,few,afew,acoupleof,

Hemadefewerandfewermistakes.

anumberof,hundredsof,thousands

Thereareanumberofstudentslivinginthevillage.

of,millionsof等修飾可數(shù)名詞

Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,

Ihavealotofstamps.

someany即可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修

Wedon'thaveenoughtime.

飾不可數(shù)名詞

三、名詞所有格

名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加、構(gòu)成，二是

由介詞。偽II名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。

l.'s所有格的構(gòu)成

Eg：theboy'sfatherJack'sbook

theteachers'roomthetwins'mother

thedoctor'smyuncle's（表示“某人家”，“店鋪”，所有格后名詞省略）

【注意】分別擁有和共同所有：

Eg：Lily'sandLucy,srooms（莉莉和露西分別擁有一間房）

LilyandLucy飛room（莉莉和露西共同擁有一間房）

2/s所有格的用法

(1)表示時間eg：today'snewspaper,fiveweeks'holiday

(2)表示國家城市等地方的名詞eg：thecountry'splan,theworld'spopulation

(3)表示度量衡及價值eg：amile'sjourney,tenminutes'walk

3of所有格的用法：

用于無生命的東西：thelegsofthechair,thecovero]fthebook

用于有生命的東西，尤其是芍較長定語時：thebookofthestudentssittingnearthewindow

4.雙重所有格：

afriendofmyfather*s,severalclassmatesofTom's,afriendofmine

四、名詞詞義辨析

根據(jù)語境選擇詞義恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~

(1)family,home與house

(2)job,work

(3)problem,question

(4)room,place

(5)message,news,information

(6)voice,sound,noise

?中考熱點(diǎn)?

1.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律

(B)What'sinthe'Therearcsomeandinthem.

A.photos,potatos,radiosB.photos,potatoes,radios

C.photocs,potatos,radiosD.photos,potatoes,radioes

2.根據(jù)句意判斷名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

(C)Look!Thearcwateringflowers.

A.manB.womanC.childrenD.boy

3.考查復(fù)數(shù)名詞的特殊用法

(D)hatebyair.

A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,traveling

C.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,travelling

4.考查名詞的可數(shù)性及其修飾語

(C)Mrs.Jennygaveus.onhowtolearnEnglishwell.

A.someadvicesB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.anadvice

5.考查不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)法

(B)Thereareonthetable.Wouldyouliketodrinksome?

A.twomilkB.twobottlesofmilkC.twobottleofmilkD.twobottlesof

milks

6.考查在特定語境中適當(dāng)名詞的選用

(D)1havetospeaktomygrandpaloudlybecausethere'ssomethingwrongwithhis.

A.eyesB.legsC.mouthsD.cars

7.考查復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格的用法

(B)(1)Afterplayingfootballfbrmorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstookrest.

A.afewminute'sB.afewminutes'C.alittleminute'sD.alittleminutes'

(B)(2)Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.

A.fewyearsB.afewyears'C.afewyearsD.afewyear's

?真題鏈接?

(A)1.Suchawonderfulconcertisreallypleasantfbrour.

A.earsB.headsC.mouths

(C)2.Oh,thereisn'tenoughfbrusinthelift.

Nohurry.Let'swaitfbrthenext.

A.groundB.floorC.room

(B)3.Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?Myistobeeanastronaut.

A.hobbyB.dreamC.jobD.advice

(B)4.Lookattheclouds,sobeautiful!Wow,somanydifferent,horses,sheep,

flowers...

A.sizesB.shapesC.colorsD.styles

(C)5.TherearesomeinDaytonArtMuseum.Forexample,nofoodordrinkisallowed

inside.

A.jobsB.recordsC.rulesD.paintings

(D)6.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththeoftherestaurant.

A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service

?考點(diǎn)精練?

單項填空

(B)1.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeoplehavereachedthemoonandsomeotherpartsofthe

A.worldB.universeC.sky

(C)2.—WhynotgototheGreatWallthisSaturday?

一I'mafraidit'snotagood.Manyofushavebeenthere.

A.placeB.dayC.idea

(A)3.—HowcanItellonekindoftreefromanother?

—Youcanmostlytellthembytheoftheirleaves.

A.shapeB.sizeC.age

(B)4.Hedidn'ttellhisparentshewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema

A.presentB.surpriseC.call

(C)5.—Whyareyouwalkingtoschool?—Becausemyisbroken.

A.radioB.watchC.bike

(A)6.—Doyoulike?—No.Ipreferrose,thecolourofyourdress.

A.orangeB.orangesC.carrot

(A)7.—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat'swrongwithhim?

—Poorboy!Hisillnessistheofeatingunhealthyfood.

A.resultB.causeC.reason

(C)8.—Hurryup,Jack.—Justgivemefiveminutestoputmydeskin.

A.rowB.lineC.order

(B)9.Therearealotofinourschool.Theyworkveryhard.

A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womanteacher

(A)10.Tokeephealthy,weshouldeatmorevegetablesandless.

A.meatB.foodC.wine

(C)11.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink,Tara?—Yes,I'dlikesome.

A.sandwichesB.hotdogsC.water

(A)12.—Youdidn'tsendmeanemaillastnight,didyou?

一Sorry.Mybrokedown.Icouldn'tgetonline.

A.puterB.carC.camera

C)13.rdlikesomethingtoread.Wouldyoupleasepassmethe?

A.penB.boxC.book

C)14.—eandseemein.—Withpleasure.Thal'swhatI'mexpecting.

A.twoorthreedays'B.twoorthreetimesC.twoorthreedays5time

B)15.Myschoolisaboutwalkfromhere.

A.fortyminutesB.fortyminutes'C.fortyminute's

C)16.TheygotmuchontheInternet.Itisveryuseful.

A.photosB.ideasC.information

C)17.Tmdreamingofdrivingmyowncarsomeday.SoIhavetolearntobeafirst.

A.astronautB.policemanC.driver

A)18.Howmanyarethereintheinternationalvillage?

A.ChineseB.RussianC.American

C)19.—I,vegotalittleinmyhouse.—Whynotkeeptwoormore?

A.juiceB.miceC.fish

C)20.BrianissokindthatheoftengivesmeawhenI'mintrouble.

A.replyB.seatC.hand

C)21.—Whatsignisoftenfoundinmuseums?—“"

A.MENUB.THISSIDEUPC.NOPHOTOS

A)22.Thereisgoodfbryou------I'vefoundyourlostwatch.

A.newsB.ideasC.messages

A)23.—Whoseisthisnewdesk?—It's.

A.SueandJim'sB.SueandJimC.Sue'sandJim's

C)24.一Wouldyoulikecoffee?—No,t