定語從句用法梳理梳理-2023年上海市高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

A專題03定語從句用法梳理+高考題型組合練

―考克精力

【考精甚接】

建德從句是富考的變點(diǎn)+熱點(diǎn)，定語從句的考左簾出現(xiàn)應(yīng)密考詼取4的語法嫉空和句各翻存中，尤其是旗限

糊喉笑得加旬用法。名頻考亙有：

1.關(guān)索代詞(that,which.who.whom,whose,as)關(guān)系副詞(where,when,why)的正確運(yùn)用，特別是它們在旅限制

犍是得從句中的運(yùn)用。

2.限制喉星旅限制彼是語從句的區(qū)別：

3.介祠+關(guān)系代詞的用法；

4.不定.代詞/數(shù)祠+ofwhich/whom引導(dǎo)的冰限制4土定.錯■從句：

5.定語".句號名詞加句、歡語從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、不列句、簡單句的甄別。

【要點(diǎn)機(jī)理】

＞考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用

who人主語、賓語

whom人賓語

which物主語、賓語

that人或物主語、賓語、表語、狀語

whose人或物定語

as人或物主語、賓語、表語

先行詞是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing

關(guān)系代詞that等不定代詞時

只用that

和which的用先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,all等修飾時

的情況

法區(qū)別先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾

先行詞既有人又有物時

只用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時

的關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時情況

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，正

關(guān)系代詞as和像...從句的謂語動詞多為see,know,expect,say,mention,report等

which

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時，只能置于主句后，常譯為

的區(qū)別

“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等，Which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系

Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwantto

learnaboutChina.

＞考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用

when時間名詞時間狀語

地點(diǎn)名詞或抽象名詞(situation,point,

where地點(diǎn)狀語

activity,case,stage等)

whythereason原因狀語

Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.

Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.

Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?

>考點(diǎn)三：非限制性定語從句

1.非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作些附加的說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍

然清楚。這種從句與主句之間往往用逗號分開，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。

e.g.YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.（昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起來很忙。）

2.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾整個句子。

e.g.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.

（一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語，這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。）

3.在非限制性定語從句中，還可把a(bǔ)ll,some,most,none或both加上ofwhich或ofwhom來修飾或限定先

行詞。

e.g.Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

（他深深地愛著他的父母，他們對他非常好。）

>考點(diǎn)四：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

L“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom,且不能省略。

Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.

一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。

September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必須繳付賬單。

2.“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級或最高級+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示部分與整體關(guān)系。

Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.

科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實。

Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.

很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。

3.在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以換為“the+名詞+ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以換為“the十名

詞+ofwhom”。

Thenewly-builtcafe,thewallsofwhich(=whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,

especiallyafterhardwork.

這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說，真是一個安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。

■克小繚

單句語法填空（用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）一

l."Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,allowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.

2.Thenumberofsmokers,isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

3.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobe

independent.

4.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

5.Thechildren,allofhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.

6.Nowadays,itiscommontoseepeoplestaringattheirmobilephonesinsteadofreadingarealbook,about

manyexpertsareworried.

7.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.

8.Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweatherfewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.

9.Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.

10.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.

11.Thehouse,dooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,someofare

fromthecountryside.

12.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.

13.Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty,noneofIwasfamiliarwith.

14.Theartistwasveryproudofhiscreationandcalleditthebestpaintinghehadeverdone.

15.TheAppWeChatprovidesanetworkingplatform_______communicationisfasterandeasier.

16.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.

17.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.

18.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponschooleducationdepends.

19.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

2O.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofhasbeenproved.

Translation(注意使用定語從句)

1.我們工廠有兩千名工人，其中三分之二是女的。(ofwhom)

2.他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過的有趣的人和事。(that)

3.兩年前我工作的那個公司的老板在解決類似這種問題方面很有經(jīng)驗。(whose)

4.追求穩(wěn)定并不是什么壞事，很多時候這樣的態(tài)度在促使我們提升自我、挑戰(zhàn)難度、攀登高峰。(when)

5青少年問題的發(fā)展趨勢值得我們關(guān)注和研究，也值得整個社會群策群力，共商對策。(which)

歷年上海高考真題及模擬試題優(yōu)選

l.U.S.InteriorSecretaryDebHaaland,23signedoffonthelawlastyear,saidwiththelossoftribal

homelandsintheearly1900sanddecreaseofbisonherds,tribeslosttraditionalconnectionswiththemammal.12022

青浦二?！?/p>

2.4tMostsatellitesarecommerciallyowned,soifyouhavemoneyyoucanbuythatimagery,28means

anyonecanspyonanyone,hesaid.12022黃埔二?！?/p>

3.Thisamazingdiscoverywasmadein1996,6adonkeyfellintoaholeandtheanimal'sownersawtheface

ofashiny,golden-coloredmummyinside.[2022楊浦二?！?/p>

4.Thispart28impressedmostviewersaimedtoshowthatordinaryanddiverseindividualscanreflectthe

slogan-togetherforabrightfuture.[2022松江二模]

5.Peoplegatheredintheirgardens_7___theysharedhugsandofferedwordsofhopeandfaiththattheywouldsee

themselvesthroughitall.【2022靜安二模]

6.Somethinkoftheofficeasthenewoffsite,thepurposeof3istogetpeopletogethersotheycandothe

thingsthatremoteworkingmakesharder:establishingdeeperrelationshipsorcooperatinginrealtimeonspecific

projects.[2022虹口二模】

7."Shanghaiisthecity30Ihavethebestexperienceasawheelchairuser,butitstillcannotguarantee

thatIcangooutalone,9,shesays,addingthatonlywithdeepunderstandingandrecognitioncanthesystembe

implementedbetter.[2022金山二?！?/p>

8.Duringthelate19thcentury,inwhatisnowSlovakia,anewspapereditorandnovelistnamedAntonBielekworked

topreservetheSlovaklanguageandcultureatatime1Hungarywasinpowerandtryingtoimposeits

languageontheregion.[2022長寧二?！?/p>

9.Whatbeganasatwo-weektripquicklyturnedintojourneys23,bothstartingandfinishinginmidwinter,

lastedtheentireyear.【2022浦東二?！?/p>

10.Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandimitatesomeofthethings22humanscando.[2022嘉定二

?！?/p>

11.Thewaterscape,rockeriesandflourishingwillowsmayhaveushered(弓|導(dǎo))studentstostepintoa"painting"

23earthlybeautyanddynamicsofarealworldcanbefelt.[2022徐匯二模】

12.30theCOVID-19pandemichasshown,suchexchangescanhappenonvirtualplatforms.Africa^

femalescientistsareontherise-andpartneringwiththemcouldgivesky-highreturns.【2022奉賢二?！?/p>

J高考題型組合練

SectionA：詞匯語法運(yùn)用

AteamofscientistsinNewapreviouslyunknownspeciesof

penguin-bymistake.ThediscoveryoftheWaitahapenguinspecies,whichhasbeenextinctfor500years,is

excitingnewsforthescientificcommunity(21)itgivesnewinsightintohowpastextinctioneventscan

helpshapethepresentenvironment.

TheresearchersuncoveredtheWaitahapenguinremainswhilestudyingNewZealand'srareyellow-eyed

penguin.Theteamwantedtoinvestigatetheeffects(22)humanshavehadonthenowendangeredspecies.

Theystudiedcenturies-oldbonesfrom(23)theythoughtwereyellow-eyedpenguinsandcomparedthem

withthebonesofmodemyellow-eyedpenguins.Surprisingly,someoftheboneswereolderthan(24)

(expect).Evenmoreshockingly,theDNAinthebonesindicatedthattheydidnotbelongtoyellow-eyedpenguins.

Thescientistsconcludedthattheseveryoldbones(25)havebelongedtoapreviouslyunknownspecies,

whichtheynamedtheWaitahapenguin.

Bystudyingthebones,scientistsfurtherconcludedthattheWaitahapenguinwasoncenative(26)

NewZealand.Butafterthesettlementofhumansontheislandcountry,itspopulation(27)(wipe)out.

Basedontheagesofthebonesofbothpenguinspecies,theteamdiscoveredagapintimebetweenthe

disappearanceoftheWaitahaandthearrivaloftheyellow-eyedpenguin.Thetimegapindicatesthattheextinction

oftheWaitahapenguincreatedtheopportunityfortheyellow-eyedpenguinpopulation(28)(migrate)to

NewZealand.

(29)yellow-eyedpenguinsthrived(興盛)inNewZealandformanyyears,thatspeciesnowalso

facesextinction.Theyellow-eyedpenguintodayisconsideredoneoftheworld's(30)(rare)speciesof

penguin,withanestimatedpopulationof7,000thatisnowthefocusofanextensiveconservationeffortinNew

Zealand.

n.=\

EveryoneinbusinesshasSectionB:完型填空gandretaining(留住)customersIt

soundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattracted

customerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,

negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforget

whattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness-52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.

53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoney

annually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomersevery

years.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshave

anyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.

Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55

implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.

ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57

increasesofbetween25and85percent.

IntheUS,Domino'sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.A

customerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthe

companythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotell

abouttheirbadexperience).

Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.uInpracticemostcompanies9marketing

effortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfield

University9SchoolofManagement."Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretaining

customersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservice

thannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouth

advertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareof

amarket.

50.A.inparticularB.inrealityC.atleastD.firstofall

51.A.emphasizeB.doubtC.overlookD.believe

52.A.denyingB.ensuringC.arguingD.proving

53.A.MovingB.HopingC.StartingD.Failing

54.A.marketsB.tastesC.pricesD.expenses

55.A.cultureB.socialC.financialD.economical

56.A.promiseB.planC.mistakeD.difference

57.A.costB.opportunityC.profitD.budget

58.A.asaresultB.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary

59.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable

60.A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.habitsD.interest

61.A.alteringB.understandingC.keepingD.attracting

62.A.AssumedB.RespectedC.EstablishedD.Unexpected

63.A.agreeableB.flexibleC.friendlyD.sensitive

64.A.unfairB.difficultC.essentialD.convenient

A篇（選自2011上海高考卷）〕SectionC：說明文/議論文閱讀

HumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersofQuickFacts

theocean.ThisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressiveSize:14m?18minlength

movementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback”,which30?50tonsinweight

isthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypicalLivingOpenoceanandshallow

curveshapethewhale?sbackformsasitdives.environment:coastlinewaters

SometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticMigration:Fromwarmtropical（熱帶

movement,knownasabreach.Duringbreachingthe的）waters,wherethey

whaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsbreed,tocoldpolarwaters,

ofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightwheretheyeat.

alsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikeDiet:Shellfish,plantsandfish

wings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.ofsmallsize

AhumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceoftheHunting:Sometimesingroups,in

waterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthewhichseveralwhalesform

topofthehead.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanacircleunderthewater,

riseupto4metersabovethewater.blowingbubblesthatform

Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsa"net"aroundaschoolof

thetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.fish.Thefisharethen

Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,forceduptothesurfacein

whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,anduniqueaconcentratedmass.

black,andwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.CurrentEndangered:itisestimated

Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesame.state:thatthereareabout

Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.They5000~7000humpback

communicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex“songs”.whalesworldwide.

65.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale.

A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshoreB.doesn'tliveinthesamewatersallthetime

C.livesmainlyonunderwaterplantsD.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfood

66.Tomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust.

A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewaterB.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh.

C.blowtwostreamsofwaterD.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks.

67.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale.

A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonittailflukesB.hasblackandwhitefingerprints

C.getsitsnamefromthewayithuntsD.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

B篇（選自2021全國新高考I卷）

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.Manypeoplenow

misunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasured

byanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.Research

hasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyond

skill-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbestto

helpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasisonemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedin

promotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicand

researchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwill

exciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.

33Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater“inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

Directions:Readthefollowingp、SectionD：概要寫作npoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwofasasjaraspossioie.

JoiningaStudyGroup

Differentpeoplemayfindthatdifferentlearningmethodsworkbestforthem.