Unit 4 Natural disasters-【同步寫作課】高一英語單元寫作深度指導(dǎo)（人教版2019必修第一冊）

必修第一冊Unit4單元寫作指導(dǎo)與演練WriteaSummary單元寫作早知道寫作任務(wù)本單元的寫作任務(wù)是寫一篇文章概要。概要寫作是新高考寫作的題型的類型之一。其中高考改革試驗區(qū)在2018年11月和2019年6月分別實施過兩次。除了這兩次之外，到2023年6月，概要寫作都沒有再使用過。但是概要寫作作為高考設(shè)題的一種形式，并沒有明確排除。同時，對文章進(jìn)行概要寫作是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個重要方面，對幫助學(xué)生理解文章的框架，結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨有很重要的意義，因此在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們還是要重視概要寫作。概要寫作要求概要寫作的考查目標(biāo)是：1.對原文主旨及要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;2.概括要點時應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;3.概要文章上下文的連貫性。概要寫作方法1.準(zhǔn)確理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨。概要寫作的關(guān)鍵是把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨?？荚囁峁┑奈恼?，一般是結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚的議論文或說明文。此類文章的特點是中心突出，結(jié)構(gòu)明確。文章各個段落的設(shè)置要以主旨為中心，因此，從整體來理解文章，準(zhǔn)確把握文章的主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)是概要寫作的關(guān)鍵。2.以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點。概要寫作的實質(zhì)就是概括自然段的主要內(nèi)容。一般來講，一個自然段自成一個要點。以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點就是概要寫作的關(guān)鍵所做。當(dāng)然，以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括并不是說一個自然段一定是一個要點。也有可能幾個自然段說明一個要點，或一個自然段包含數(shù)個要點。所以，判斷其要點的呈現(xiàn)情況，最關(guān)鍵的還是要理解文章。3.抓住主要信息，忽略次要細(xì)節(jié)。說明文和議論文為了表達(dá)觀點和說明信息，首先會有主要觀點，事實或論點。而后根據(jù)需要輔以具體的支持性的細(xì)節(jié)性的信息，如例舉數(shù)字，舉例等。在概要寫作中，我們要呈現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵信息，忽略補充和輔助信息。如，4.利用高頻詞和核心詞概括要點。概要寫作的文章主旨明確，核心內(nèi)容突出。因此，文章會出現(xiàn)意義比較集中的高頻詞或核心詞。在閱讀文章的時候，要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞和高頻詞。這些詞匯是概要的基礎(chǔ)和核心。5.使用正確的時態(tài)。概要寫作的體裁一般是說明文和議論文。其目的是介紹和論證，因此內(nèi)容都是事實或論點，所以其時態(tài)一般都使用用一般時或完成時，慎用過去時。同時，一定要注意時態(tài)的一致性。6.注意句式和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性。概要寫作對考生表達(dá)的書面化程度要求比較高，因此要注意寫作時使用豐富的語言形式。可以酌情選擇使用從句，非謂語等結(jié)構(gòu)。但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長，也不要刻意使用太過復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句子之間也要注意使用合適的連接詞。連接詞的使用以合適簡潔為主，不要生硬。盡量避免如firstly,secondly,thirdly這樣的連接詞。注意掌握正確的寫作程序：認(rèn)真閱讀原文，掌握原文的段落主旨，并標(biāo)出文章的高頻詞，核心詞。整體理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。確保對文章各個段落之間的理解邏輯合理。寫出各段的基本段意。并再次比較各段的邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。對各段的要點進(jìn)行美化。使用非謂語動詞，定語從句，名詞性從句等進(jìn)行潤色。綜合整個文章，在合適的地方使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。認(rèn)真謄寫到答題卷。常用表達(dá)1．Thisarticle/passagemainlytellsus...2．Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...3．Thisarticlefocusesonthe...4．Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...5．Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...6．Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...8.First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..9．Secondly/Next/Furtheron/Then/Inthenextpart/Inthemainpart，theauthorgoesonwith...10．Finally，theauthorstressesthat...本單元寫作要求同學(xué)們能用所學(xué)的有關(guān)概要寫作的知識給第50頁的文章寫一篇概要寫作。內(nèi)容表述結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計第一部分介紹地震發(fā)生前的現(xiàn)象。Forseveraldays,strangethingsoccurredinthecountrysideofnortheasterHebei.此部分一般用一個句子即可。第二部分為地震的具體信息，包括地震發(fā)生的時間以及造成的危害。Thecitywasgreatlyaffectedandnearlydestroyed.Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.可以用簡單句，復(fù)合句，非謂語等結(jié)構(gòu)對多個信息進(jìn)行綜合。第三部分為重建的描述。Soldiersandmedicalworkersarrivedtofindsurvivorsandhelpthepeoplewhohadlosteverything.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthepeople,anewTangshanwasbuilt.此處可以用過渡句引出下面的內(nèi)容。具體內(nèi)容表述可以用多種句式結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句式結(jié)構(gòu)不要重復(fù)。【小試牛刀】Forseveraldays,strangethingsoccurredinthecountrysideofnortheasterHebei.Then,on28July1976,anearthquakehitTangshancity.Thecitywasgreatlyaffectedandnearlydestroyed.Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.Therescueworkbegansoonafterthequakes.Soldiersandmedicalworkersarrivedtofindsurvivorsandhelpthepeoplewhohadlosteverything.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthepeople,anewTangshanwasbuilt.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（2019年6月高考改革試驗區(qū)卷)Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonhue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________審題本文的要求是對一篇有關(guān)表揚孩子方法探討的議論文寫一篇概要寫作。寫作時要注意：1．文體：議論文的摘要。2．時態(tài)：文章論述的是客觀現(xiàn)實的問題，因此以一般過去時為主。3．人稱：為了讓我們的論述更有親和力，應(yīng)以第一人稱為主體時態(tài)。謀篇文章第一段指出過度的表揚不利于孩子的成長。第二段認(rèn)為不表揚孩子也不利孩子的成長。第三段指出了表揚的重點是要關(guān)注過程而非結(jié)果。第四段更進(jìn)一步陳述我們要表揚孩子的努力過程，不必太過關(guān)注結(jié)果。在概要寫作中要包含以上內(nèi)容。遣詞造句【核心詞匯】1.praise表揚2.oppositeeffects相反的結(jié)果3.focusonprocess關(guān)注過程4.product結(jié)果5.regardlessof不管，不顧【連詞成句】1.過度的表揚對孩子有負(fù)面對影響。Toomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.2.我們的表揚要聚焦于過程而不是結(jié)果。Ourpraiseshouldfocusonprocessratherthanproduct.3.我們要以正確的方式表揚我們的孩子。Weshouldpraiseourkids’effortinaproperway.【句式升級】1.根據(jù)文章對第一句話進(jìn)行信息拓展。Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.2.對第三句進(jìn)行高級句式提升。Whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’effortinaproperway,regardlessoftheresult.組句成篇根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和必要的擴展信息，寫出一篇80詞左右的概要寫作。Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraiseinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要點1）Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要點2）Togainbestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusonprocessratherthanproduct.(要點3）Therefore，whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’effortinaproperway,regardlessoftheresult.(要點4）Writing1閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Itisawisechoiceforastudenttopayapersonalvisittothecollegeyouareapplyingto，especiallytheonesthatareclosetoyou.Inorderavoidbeingregret,youshouldatleastvisitthecollegeyoudecidedtoattend.Ifalltheaboveisnotaffordable,itwillbehelpfultosearchtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLivewhereyoucangetnecessaryinformationneeded.Writing2.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Withbusylives,itcanbehardtofindtimetovolunteer.However,thebenefitsofvolunteeringcanbeenormous.Themoreyouvolunteer,themorebenefitsyouwillexperience.Ofcourse,volunteeringdoesnothavetoinvolvealong-termcommitmentortakeahugeamountoftimeoutofyourbusydays.Givinginevensimplewayscanhelpthoseinneedandimproveyourhealthandhappiness.Itbringsyoubenefitsinanumberofways,butitdoesn’thavetotakeoveryourlifetobebeneficial.Oneofthebetter-knownbenefitsofvolunteeringistheimpactonthecommunity.Volunteeringallowsyoutoconnecttoyourcommunityandmakeitabetterplace.Evenhelpingoutwiththesmallesttaskscanmakearealdifferencetothelivesofpeople,animals,andorganizationsinneed.Andvolunteeringisatwo-waystreet.Itcanbenefityouandyourfamily.Dedicatingyourtimeasavolunteerhelpsyoumakenewfriends,expandyournetwork,andboostyoursocialskills.Volunteeringprovidesmanybenefitstobothmentalandphysicalhealth.Almosteveryonehastofightagainststress,anger,andanxiety.Thesocialcontactaspectofhelpingandworkingwithotherscanhaveaprofoundeffectonyouroverallpsychologicalwell-being.Nothingrelievesstressbetterthanameaningfulconnectiontoanotherperson.Workingwithpetsandotheranimalshasalsobeenshowntoimprovemoodandreducestressandanxiety.Volunteeringcanalsoadvanceyourcareer.Ifyou’reconsideringanewcareer,volunteeringcanhelpyougetexperienceinyourareaofinterestandmeetpeopleinthefield.Evenifyou’renotplanningonchangingcareers,volunteeringgivesyoutheopportunitytopracticeimportantskillsusedintheworkplace,suchasteamwork,communication,problemsolving,projectplanning,taskmanagement,andorganization.Youmightfeelmorecomfortablestretchingyourwingsatworkonceyou’vedevelopedtheseskillsinavolunteerpositionfirst.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Bydoingvolunteeringwork,youcangiveahandtothosewhoareinneedofhelpanditdoesn'trequireagreatdealoftimeandenergy.Itnotonlyprovidehelptotheothersbutalsohelpsyoumakenewfriendsandimproveyoursocialskills.Itisalsogoodforyourmentalandphysicalhealth.Throughvoluntarywork,youcanalsoimproverelatedskillsandpromoteyourcareerdevelopment.Writing3.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Feelinghungry?Ifyou'refeelingstarved,whatistheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusylifeaddstoourneedtobuyready-madefoodonthegoordeliveredtoourhome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesireatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient.Thisisespeciallythecaseduringtherecentcoronaviruscrisis,whenpeoplestuckathomewithnothingtocookorlackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It'scalculatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100cuisinesfrom60,000restaurants.AmeliaBrophy,HeadofUKDataProductsatYouGov,toldtheBBCthatitsresearch“suggeststhatthefrequencyoftakeawaysorderedisexpectedtoincreaseinthefuture."It'snowonderwearetempted（誘惑）toskipthegroceryshopping,avoidthekitchen,andtuckinto（大口吃）somethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingadeepcrustpizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,cancomeatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhaseffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Childrenandadolescentswhoeatfastfoodatleastthreetimesaweekaremorelikelytodevelopeczema,accordingtoonestudy.Eczemaisaskinconditionthatcausespatchesofitchyskin.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier.Yet,that'sfarfromenough.Thebestadviceyoumightwanttotakeistofindarecipebookandtrymakingyourownmeal.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Withthefastpaceofmodernlife,busypeopletendtoordertakeawayfoodwhenhungry.Widefoodchoicesandeasyorderingaremakingitmoreandmorepopular.However,takeawayfoodactuallycostsusalotfinanciallyandalsodoesgreatharmtoourhealth.Althoughreducingsalt,sugarandfatcanmaketakeawayfoodalittlehealthier,youarestillstronglyadvisedtocookingyourmealsbyrecipe.Writing4.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Aroundtheworld，musictherapy(療法）isbeingusedtotreatdifferentmedicalconditionsandillnesses.Someofthewayspeopleusemusictherapyaretoreducepain,suchasin

childbirthorduringcancertreatments,ortostimulatebrainactivityafteraninjury.Music

therapyhasalsobeensuccessfulinaidingchildrentoovercomedisabilities.Childrencan

movetheirbodieswiththemusicandstampalongtothebeat.Whyismusicausefultherapy?Beingcomfortingandrelaxing，musicstimulatesourbrains.Werespondtothesoundsofmusicemotionallyandphysically.Thecomplexityof

music(thedifferenttempos,rhythms，melodiesandharmonies)provokes(激發(fā)）thebiggest

response.Thus,classicalmusicismosttypicallyusedfortherapiesduetocomplexsounds

andpatterns.Althoughraporhiphopmightbefuntolistento,ifsunlikelythatsuchstylesof

musicwouldproducethesamekindoftherapeuticeffect.Playingamusicalinstrumentrather

thansimplylisteningtomusiccanalsobetherapeuticforsomepeople，helpingrelievestress

andanxiety.Havescientistsbeenabletoprovethatmusiccanhealdiseases?Musichasbeenshowntoreducepainbyincreasingthereleaseofendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽）.Endorphinsarethe

body'snaturalpainkillers,andwhenwelistentomusic,ourbrainsrespondbyreleasingthese

naturalpainkillers.Ithasalsobeenknowntocontributetothebraindevelopmentofthe

babieswhohavejustbeenbornandevenbabiesstillinthemother'swomb.Certaintypesof

musichavealsobeenfoundtolowerbloodpressureandslowaperson’sheartrate.Many

peoplearehopefulthatmusiccouldreplacetheneedforsomemedicinesthatarenormally

usedtotreatcertainillnesses.Atpresent,musictherapyisusedinavarietyofsettingssuchas

hospitals,rehabilitationcenters,nursinghomes,daycares,andschools.Althoughmusictherapyisnotyetconsideredamainstreamtreatment,itisrecognizedmoreandmoreasausefuladditiontotraditionaltreatment.Sonexttimeyouarefeelinglow

orstressedout,putonsomerelaxingmusicandletthemusichealyou.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Musictherapyisausefulwaytotreatvariousillnessesworldwide，especiallyforchildren.Thereasonisthatcomfortingmusicorplayingmusicalinstrumentscanactivateourbrainandhelpease

pressureandanxiety.Musichasalreadybeenprovedtogeneratepositiveeffectsof

reducingpain,developingthebabies’brain,loweringbloodpressureandslowingheartrate.Thoughmusictherapyisnotadoptedwidely,itisregardedasaneffectivehelpertotraditionaltreatmentWriting5.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyouplantolearnaforeignlanguage,youmightthinkit'sgoingtobereallychallenging.You'veprobablyheardalotoftalksabouthowit'seasiertolearnlanguagesasayoungchild,andthatlearningasanadultcanbedifficult.Youmightevenknowfriendsorfamilymemberswhohavetriedtolearnaforeigntongueandfailed.That'sbecausetheyaresurroundedbythefailure.We'reheretocheeryouupwithsomegoodnewsandinspireyoutogetstarted.Canyoulearnlanguagesatanyage?Scientistsarealwayslearningabouthumanbrain.Decadesago,expertsbelievedthatthebraindevelopedduringchildhoodandthenstayedthatwayforlife.However,modernstudieshaveshownusthatthebrainhastheabilitytocontinuallyformnewneural(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)connectionsthroughoutadulthood.A2010Swedishstudytestedtwogroupsofpeople,oneintherangeofage21through30andanotherbetween65and80.Surprisingly,theyfoundnosignificantdifferencesinneuroplasticity(神經(jīng)可塑性).Inotherwords,thissuggeststhatit'spossibleforyoutolearnnewthingsatanyage.Researchalsosuggests.thatlearninglanguagesthroughoutadulthoodimprovestheadultbrainingeneral.Ina2012Chinesestudy,expertslookedatagroupofadultswhowerelearningMandarin(普通話)overanine-monthperiod.Theyfoundthattheseadultsshowedimprovementinthepartofthebrainthatallowsneuralcellstocommunicate.Thebetteryourneuralcellscommunicate,theeasieritwillbeforyoutolearnnewthings.Whymayadultshaveaneasiertimelearning?Childrenmighthaveanaturallyhighdegreeofneuroplasticity,butthatdoesn'tmeanlearningisnecessarilyeasierforthem.Infact,adultbrainshaveanumberofgreatqualitiesthat,mightactuallymakelearningeasier,especiallyifyoutakeadvantageoffreelanguagelearningappslikeMondly.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Itiscommonlythoughtthatlearningaforeignlanguageisreallyhardforadults.Butmodernstudieshaverevealedthatageisnotthelimitationtolearninginadulthood.Moreover,learningthroughoutadulthoodcanactivatebrainneuralcells,greatlybenefitingthebrain.Actually,adultslearnmoreeasilythankids,fortheirbrainshavemanycharacteristicsthatarebeneficialtolearning.Writing6.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Anoldsayinggoesthatanearneighborisbetterthanadistantcousin.Thissayinghasfullyprovedthatneighborsaresosignificantinourlife.Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherbuildhousesandclearfields.Theycouldoffertimelyhelpwhensomeonewasintrouble.Familiesdependedononeanotherforfriendshipandentertainment.Theysharedhappinessandsorrowfromtimetotime,whichbroughtaharmoniousatmosphere.However,nowadays,lackofcommunicationandinteractionbetweenneighborsisanorm.Closerelationshipbetweenneighborsisnotcommoninourcities.Afamilymaynotevenknowtheotherfamiliesthatlivenextdoortothem.WeliveinanageofmachinesandtheInternet,andeachfamilyhaveitsowncar,TVset,andwashingmachine.Peoplenolongerdependonneighborsasmuchastheyoncedid.MachinesandtheInternetkeeppeopleapart.Inourgrandparents’time,womenmetwhiletheyhungoutthewashing,andmenstoppedandtalkedwhiletheymowedtheirlawns.Today,theycan’thearanythingabovethenoiseoftheirpowerlawnmowers.Andwomenstayinsidewiththeirelectricaldryers.ChildrenareinsidewatchingtheirfavoriteTVshowsorplayingcomputergames.Istheideaofbeingagoodneighborold-fashioned?In1965,apowercuthitNewYorkCity,andmanythousandsofpeoplewerelefthelpless.Suddenlyeveryonesharedthesameproblem,andthelargestcitybecameagroupofeightmillionneighbors.Peoplewithcarsofferedridestothosewalking.Otherpeoplehelpeddirecttraffic.Trappedinelevators,peopleplayedwordgamesandhelpedkeepeachotheringoodspirit.Intimesoftrouble,peoplestilldependononeanother.Astimegoeson,peoplemayonceagainfeelthatbeingagoodneighborisimportant.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣賞】Neighborsplayanimportantroleinourlife.(要點1）Inthepast,neighborshelpedoneanotherandlivedaharmoniouslife.（要點2）Admittedly,owingtodevicesandtheInternet,neighborsdriftapart,resultinginlittlecontactbetweeneachothernow.（要點3）Nevertheless,undergoingapowerfailureenabledresidentsinNewYorkCitytobecomeneighbors,andtheyassistedandencouragedoneanother,whichillustratesthesignificanceandpopularityofbeingagoodneighbor.（要點4）Writing7.閱讀下面短文.根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Childrenarestartingtocarrycellphonesatyoungerages.Inarecentstudy,22%ofkidsinprimaryschoolreportedhavingtheirowncellphonecomparedwith60%oftweensand84%ofteens.Likemanyparents,youmaywonderwhetheryourchildisreadyforacellphone.Asyoumightimagine,therearedifferentattitudestowardsit.Manyparentsconsidersafetyasthemainreasonforgivingtheirchildacellphone.Theywanttobeabletoreachtheirchildwhenevertheyneedto.Theyalsowanttogivetheirchildthesecurityofbeingabletoreachthemwheneverheneedsto.Thisisespeciallytrueifyourchildishomealoneafterschoolorwalkshomealone,saysBarbaraGreenberg,PhD,aclinicalpsychologistinFairfieldCounty,CT.However,ifyourchildhasacellphone,hehasaccesstowebsitesthatmaybeinappropriate.Hemayseecontentthatisviolentandcouldberelatedtodeathorsex."Lotsofkidshavefantasiesintheirmindaboutthingstheydon'tunderstand,"Greenbergsays.There'salsotheissueofinadequatesleep,Greenbergsays."Kidswithcellphonesarelikelytostayawakelat