GMU(碩士)醫(yī)學英語SCI論文寫作考試模擬題

PAGEPAGE1PartIReadingComprehension(20%)Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageAThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinadiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PubicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.“Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingcities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycontributetoheartdiseasebecausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpindictmentoftheautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford,Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofmanmadehazards,”Dr.Weinermansaid,“BeforeRelatingmanyofthesehazardstotheautomobile,ArthurW.Ralston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakeroseneburningturbinecarthatwould”lessensmogbyverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.”Americaseemscloselyrelatedtothemotorcar:everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorRalstoncontinued,”Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecareforthesevalues?ForPaulBSaers,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underillusionthatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified.”ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobiles“l(fā)ousyeconomics“becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingoneindividualtowork”.ButheadmittedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacornerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica’scities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisissnewphenomenoninhealthconcern.”Hesaid.“Thesolution”,hecontinued,“isnottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtodisappearanddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogoyouhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.“This,inturn,”Dr.Weinermanargued,“isresponsibleforthearteriosclerosisofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Automobilesareresponsiblefortheheartdiseases.B.Smogisatypeofpollution.C.Keroseneenginesaremoredesirablethangasolineenginesbecausetheywillincreasespeed.D.Thedirtyairinmajorcitiesisrelatedtothenumberofautomobilesinthearea.2.Themainideaofthispassageis________.A.AmericansaretooattachedtotheircarsB.AmericanscarsaretoofastC.AutomobilesendangerhealthD.Factoriescauselesspollutionthanautomobiles3.ProfessorRalstonsaysinParagraph2thatkerosene-poweredcarswould________?A.reduceairpollutionB.increaseair-pollutionC.notchangeair-pollutionlevelsD.gofasterthangasoline-poweredcars4.Accordingtoparagraph4,Dr.Weinermanimpliesthat________.A.factoriescauselesspollutionthanautomobilesB.anepidemiciscausebygermsC.smogcouldcauseanepidemicoflungcancerinthefutureD.smogisformedfromcoalfires5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat,ifpublictransportationwereimproved________.A.theinnercitymightimproveB.themiddleclasswouldmovetothesuburbsC.publicroadswouldgetworseD.BothBandCPassageBAreyouawarethatyouactuallypossesssixsenses?Thesixthisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently—totheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform.Forexample,whenyoureachforanobject,thesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainstopyourhandatthecorrectspot.Thisautomaticperceptionofthepositionofyourmusclesinrelationtotheobjectisyourmuscularsenseinaction.Musclesarestringybundlesoffibersvaryingformonefive-thousandthofaninchtoaboutthreeinches.Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics:theycanbecomeshorterandthicker;theycanstretch;theycanreacttotheiroriginalpositions.Underahigh-poweredmicroscope,muscletissueisseenaslong,slendercellswithagrainytexturelikewood.Morethanhalfofaperson’sbodyiscomposedofmusclefibers,mostofwhichareinvoluntary—inotherwords,workwithoutconsciousdirection.Thevoluntarymuscles,thosethatwemoveconsciouslytoperformparticularactions,numbermorethanfivehundred.Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass.Thatiswhyanaveragewomancan’tlifeasmuch,throwasfar,orhitashardasanaverageman.6.Accordingtothispassage,themuscularsenseisresponsiblefor________.A.theefficiencyofourmusclesB.thenormalbreathingfunctionC.directingourmusclesintelligentlyD.theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles7.Intelligentuseofthemusclesmeansthat________.A.onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoingB.oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworkingC.one’smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperformsD.oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously8.Underamicroscopemusclecellsappeartobe________.A.texturedlikewoodB.coloredlikewoodC.smoothandredD.shortandthick9.Accordingtothepassage,morethanhalfofaperson’sbodyiscomposedof_____.A.voluntarymusclesB.involuntarymusclesC.musclefibersD.sensorynerves10.Anaveragewomanisweakerthananaveragemanbecauseshehas________.A.morevoluntarymusclesthananaveragemanB.only60to70percentasmuchmusclesasmenforherbodymassC.60to70percentlessmusclesforherbodymassD.lessmusclesfiberforherbodyweightPartIIQuestioningandAnswering(15%)Directions:Youarerequiredtoreadthroughthepassageandanswerthethreequestionsbelow.YoushouldwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Theideaoftest-tubebabiesmaymakeyoustarry-eyedwithdelightatthewondersofmodernmedicineorbleary-eyedwithconsideringthemorallegalimplicationsofstartinglifeinalab.Butifyou’veeverbeenpregnantyourself,onethingiscertain:youwonderwhatit’sliketocarryatest-tubebaby.Arethesepregnanciesnormal?Arethebabiesnormal?TheearliestanswerscamefromAustralia,whereagroupofmedicalexpertsattheQueenVictoriaMedicalCentreinMelbournetookalookatthecontinent’sfirstninesuccessfultest-tubepregnancies.TheAustraliansreportthatthepregnanciesthemselvesseemedtoproceedaccordingtotheplan,butatbirthsomeunusualtrendsdidshowup.Sevenoftheninebabiesturnouttobegirls.Sixofthenineweredeliveredbycaesareansection.Andonebaby,atwin,wasbornwithaseriousheartandafewdayslaterdevelopedlife-threateningabdominalproblem.Whatdoesitallmean?Eventhedoctorsdon’tknowforsurebecausethenumbersaresosmall.Theproportionofgirlstoboysishigh,butuntiltherearemanymoretest-tubebabiesnoonewillknowwhetherthat’spurecoincidenceorsomethingspecial.Thesamethingistrueofthesingleheartdefect;itusuallyshowsupinonly15outof60,000inthatpartofAustralia,butthefactthatifoccurredinoneoutofninetesttubebabiesdoesnotnecessarilyTheAustraliaresearchersreportthattheyarequiteencouraged.Allthebabiesarenowmakingnormalprogress-eventhetwinwithbirthdefects.11.Whatistheproportionofthetest-tubebabieswhohavethesingleheartdefect?12Accordingtothepassage,wheredidthefirsttest-tubemothergivebirthtoherbaby?13Canyouthinkoutanappropriatetitleforthispassage?Andwhy?PartIIITranslation(15%)Directions:YouarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Mostpeopledon’tfeelanybadeffectsfrompenicillin.Butafewdorunintotroublewhentheytakethedrug.Thesepeoplebecomeallergictoit.Thishappenswhenthebody’simmunesystem,whichfightsinfections,isfooledintothinkingthatthepenicillinisaninvader.Someofthebody’simmunecellsreleasechemicalscalledhistamines（組胺）whenthehistaminesarereleasedintheskin;yougetatypeofrashcalledhives（蕁麻疹.Itisveryitchyanduncomfortable.PartIIIPharmacologicalActions(15%)(博士班)Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanEnglishpackageinsertofitspharmacologicalactionsaccordingtotheinformationgivenbelow.胃舒平片（GastropinTablets)胃舒平片胃舒平片是療效可靠的胃藥，具有緩沖作用，能校正胃酸，保持胃內(nèi)酸堿度適當。藥性和善，服藥后不產(chǎn)生二氧化碳氣體。本藥不會引起腹瀉,便秘,消化不良或其他副作用。PartIVCertificateforAdmission(15%)Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacertificateforadmissionaccordingtotheinformationgivenbelow.入院證明王寧先生，男，五十歲。患肝炎，高燒四十度，劇烈頭痛,眩暈，應住院進一步檢查和治療，特此證明。醫(yī)生：汪凱2013年10月1日PartVAbstractWriting(25%)Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteastructuredabstractwithanytopicyouareinterestedin.二、標準答案及評分標準PartIReadingcomprehension(30%)1.C2.C3.A4.C5.A6.C7.C8.A9.C10.BPartIIQ&A(15%)oneoutofnineQUEENVitoriaCenterMelbourneAustraliaOpenquestion多數(shù)人使用青霉素時無不良反應，但少數(shù)用青霉素時的確出了問題，這些人對青霉素過敏。這種情況的發(fā)生是由于抗感染的人體免疫系統(tǒng)將青霉素誤認為是外來的入侵者。體內(nèi)的有些免疫細胞釋放一種組胺的化學物質。當組胺釋放到皮膚之內(nèi)，皮膚就會起一種稱為蕁麻疹的疹子，它發(fā)癢而且難受。PartIIIPharmacologicalActions(15%)GastropinTablet