初三英語被動語態(tài)講解與精練

初三英語被動語態(tài)講解與精練初三英語被動語態(tài)講解與精練初三英語被動語態(tài)講解與精練資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月初三英語被動語態(tài)講解與精練版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：初中英語被動語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語：speak的動作是由主語manypeople來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋spoken一般過去時：was／were＋spoken一般將來時：will／begoingtobe＋spoken過去將來時：would／begoingtobe＋spoken現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／arebeing＋spoken過去進行時：was／werebeing＋spoken現(xiàn)在完成時：have／hasbeen＋spoken過去完成時：hadbeen+spoken三、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例（以動詞do為例）

1．一般現(xiàn)在時（am/is/are+done）

Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的許多人都說英語。

ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都舉行班會。

Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。

2．一般過去時(was/were+done)

Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個男孩打碎了。

Hewassavedatlast.他最終獲救了。

Mybikewasstolen.我的自行車被偷了。

3．一般將來時與過去將來時(willbe+done;wouldbe+done)

Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一個演講。

Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一條新馬路。

Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我認為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。

4．現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)

Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天這時，機器正在被修理。

Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.問題正在被討論。

Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一輛公共汽車。

5．現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasbeen+done)literature

Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。

Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。

Severalsoldiershavealreadybeenkilledintheconflict.在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。

6．過去完成時(hadbeen+done)

Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。

Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。

Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.

他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。四、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.五、被動語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。（2）強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。（3）表示客觀的說明常用"Itis+過去分詞."句型。

ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。

Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是個間諜。

其它常見的"Itis+過去分詞+that"句型還有

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道

Itissaidthat…據(jù)說

Itisbelievedthat…大家相信

Itissuggestedthat…有人建議六、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意

（1）以主動形式表示被動之意的動詞多為連系動詞，如：look,feel,smell等。Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。

Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。

Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。（2）下列動詞沒有被動式：happen，cost，takeplace

Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（）

七、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。（2）把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式）。（3）把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.專項練習(xí)1(

)1Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed(

)

2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken(

)3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensang

C.isoftensangD.isoftensung(

)4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade(

)5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused (

)6Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep(

)7Theclassroom____________everyday.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.hascleaned()8Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()9Youmaygofishingifyourwork__________.A.isdone

B.willbedoneC.hasdone

D.done()10Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I_____tohelpthefarmers.

A.askedB.amaskedC.wasaskedD.wasasking()11AlotoA.wassentB.issentC.weresentD.issending(

)12Japanese_________ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking(

)13.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow(

)14Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt(

)15.AwonderfulEnglishtalk_____byMrLiutomorrow.A.hasbeengivenB.isgivenC.isbeinggivenD.willbegiven專項練習(xí)2()1.Goodbooks____againandagain.

A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustread

()2.Thechildren____bythenurse.

A.werelooked

B.lookedafterC.werelookedafter

()3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlisten

B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

()4.When____theaccident_____

A.was,happenB.did,happenC.was,happened

()5.Thequestion____byussoon.

A.willdiscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.hasbeendiscussed

()6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.

A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuilt

()7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.

A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetup

()8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.

A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinished

()9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.

A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grown

()10.He____bytheteachers.

A.isalwayspraisedB.alwaysispraisedC.havebeenpraised

()11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____

.

A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.havebeentaken,areopened

()12.Thepicture______

inOctober,1996.

A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastaken

()13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepaired

()14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.

A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshown

()15.Oh,themilk____strange.Doyouthinkit‘sOKtodrink？AwastastedBtastesCistasting綜合練習(xí)Ⅱ.完形填空（10分）Iusedtowatchalittlegirlplayingbasketballeveryday.OnedayIaskedherwhyshepracticedso16.Shesaid,“IlikebasketballandIwanttobethe17player.Mydadtoldme,‘Ifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon’tcount.’”Sheneverchangedhermind.Shepracticedbasketballeveryday.18onedaybeforeshegraduatedfromhighschool,Isawhersittingonthegrass19.Iaskedherwhatwaswrong.Shetoldmethathercoachsaidshewas20shorttobeagoodbasketballplayer.Shewasheartbroken.Thenherfathersaidtoher,“Ifyou21wanttobeagoodbasketballplayer,nothingbutyou22canstopyourdream.”Hetoldher23,“Ifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon’tcount.”Thenextyear,sheandherteamwenttoabigmatch.Shewas24byacoachofafamousteamandwasgivenachancetothe25basketballteam.()16.A.fewB.littleC.muchD.hardly()17.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best()18.A.AndB.ButC.SoD.Firstofall()19.A.happilyB.sleepilyC.sadlyD.noisily()20.A.soB.veryC.quiteD.too()21.A.reallyB.possiblyC.badlyD.successfully()22.A.himselfB.yourselfC.herselfD.yourselves()23.A.oftenB.againC.alwaysD.ever()24.A.allowedB.taughtC.refusedD.noticed()25.A.men’sB.women’sC.children’sD.adults’Ⅲ.閱讀理解（30分）1970was“WorldConservationYear”.TheUNwantedeveryonetoknowthattheworldwasindanger–theyhopedthatgovernmentswouldactquicklyinordertoconserve(保護)nature.Hereisoneexampleoftheproblem.Atonetimetherewere1,300differentplants,treesandflowersinHolland,butnowonlyremain860.Theothershavebeendestroyed(毀壞)bymodernmanandhistechnology.Wearechangingtheearth,theairandthewater,andeverythingthatgrowsandliveshere.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesethings.Ifitcontinueslikethis,weshalldestroyourselves.WhatwillhappeninthefuturePerhapsitismoreimportanttoask“Whatmustwedonow”Thepeoplewhowillbelivingintheworldoftomorrowaretheyoungoftoday.Alotofthemknowthatconservationisnecessary.Manyarehelpingtosaveourworld.Theyplanttrees,buildbridgesacrossriversinforests,andsoon.InasmalltownintheUnitedStatesalargegroupofgirlscleanedthebanksof11kilometersoftheirriver.YoungpeoplemayhearaboutconservationthrougharecordcalledNOONE’SGOINGTOCHANGEOURWORLD.ItwasmadebytheBeatlesandothersingers.Themoneyfromitwillhelptoconservewildanimals.()36.TheUNsetup“WorldConservationYear”because.A.theworldwasindangerofwarB.thegovernmenthaddonesomethingtoprotecttheworldC.manythingsweredestroyedbythetechnologyD.manandhistechnologydestroyedtheearthbadly()37.KindsofplantshavedisappearedinHollandinthepastfewyears.A.860B.440C.1,300D.2,160()38.“NOONE’SGOINGTOCHANGEOURWORLD”is.A.arecordB.asongC.abookD.aCD()39.Itisimpossibletosaveourworldifwe.A.planttrees B.cleanthebanksofriversC.pickrubbish listentotherecord()40.Thepassagemainlytellsus_________.A.hepeoplewhowillbelivingintheworldoftomorrowaretheyoungoftodayB.hatwillhappenintheworldinthefutureC.conservationofnatureisnecessaryD.everyonehasknowntheimportanceofconservationofnaturesince1970=4\*ROMANIV、首字母填空OnedayIfoundalittlegirlsittingintheparksadly.Lotsofpeoplepassedbybutnevers__________(51)

toseewhyshelookedsosad.AsIgotcloserIsawthatherb________(52)hadastrangeshape.That’sahump(駝背)!Perhapsthatwasther__________

(53)whypeoplejustpassedbyandmakenoefforttohelp.Isatdownbesideherandsaid,“Hello!”Thenshe,inalowvoice,said,“Hi.”Ismiledandshesmiledb_________

(54)

,shyly.Thenwetalkedthereu_________

(51)itgotdark.Iaskedthegirlwhyshewassosad.Shelookedatmeandsaidwithasadface,“Becauseofthehump.”“But,youmakemet_________

(56)

ofanangel(天使),sweetandfriendly,”Isaid.Shelookedatmeandasked,“Really”

Isaid,“Yes,Ithinkyouareanangelandyoucomehe