專題09 8BU1-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析（江蘇專用）

專題098BU1-牛津譯林版初中英語(yǔ)第二學(xué)期單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括及易錯(cuò)題分析單元話題PastandpresentReading重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義、構(gòu)成、過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變形知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括知識(shí)點(diǎn)囊括一、重點(diǎn)詞組、句型1、pastn.“過(guò)去”，inthepast用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；adj.“剛過(guò)去的”，duringthepastyears在過(guò)去幾年時(shí)間里；prep.“路過(guò)，過(guò)”，drivepastthebank開(kāi)車經(jīng)過(guò)銀行；aquarterpastseven七點(diǎn)一刻。passv.“傳遞，通過(guò)”，passsth.tosb.=passsb.sth.把某物傳給某人；passtheexam通過(guò)考試，考試及格Luckily,he____passed____(pass).Iwalked____past__theshopyesterday.2、present1)現(xiàn)在，目前atpresent=atthemoment2)禮物=gift3、marry.vi.&vt.“結(jié)婚；嫁，娶”；三單marries過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞marriedAmarryB=Aget/bemarriedtoB=AandBget/bemarriedmarriagen.“結(jié)婚”，marriedadj.“已婚的”，get/bemarried；bemarriedtosb(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。1)Theboy__marries____(marry)theprettygirlandthegirliswillingtomarryhim.

2)ShehasbeenmarriedtoMr.Wang.3)TheyaregoingtogetmarriedonNewYear’sDay.注意區(qū)別：Theyhavegotmarried.他們結(jié)婚了。They___havebeenmarried______for10years.他們結(jié)婚10年了。4、realizevt.“意識(shí)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”，realizeone’sdream=one’sdreamcomestrue5、abit“有點(diǎn)兒（同alittle修飾形容詞和副詞或它們的比較級(jí)；修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用abitof或alittle）”abit/littlelarge(r)；abitofwater=alittlewater。not…abit“一點(diǎn)也不”同not…atall；not…alittle“非?！蓖瑅ery。6、ownadj.“自己的”，myownstory=astoryofmyownv.“擁有[同]have”；ownern.“所有者”，theownerofthefactory。7、developv.“發(fā)展”adevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家；adevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家；developmentn“發(fā)展”withthedevelopmentofscience隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展。8、relaxv.“放松”；relaxingadj.“令人放松的”；relaxedadj.(某人)“放松的”。9、feelingn.“感受（常用復(fù)數(shù))”hurtone’sfeelings傷了某人的感情；10、recentadj.“最近的”；arecentphoto一張近照recentlyadv.“最近，近來(lái)”（可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不用于將來(lái)時(shí)）。A__recent___(recent)rreportsaysthatfewmurderhashappened__recently_____(recent)11、lonely,1）、作表語(yǔ)，表示心靈內(nèi)部的孤獨(dú)寂寞。alone指單獨(dú)、獨(dú)自的意思，作表語(yǔ)。例如：Heis_alone____,butheneverfeels___lonely___.2）、作定語(yǔ)，表示荒涼的、偏僻的、偏遠(yuǎn)的alonelyvillage一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊12、wife–wivesAthief’swifeusedaknifeontheshelfandhalfaleaftokillawolf.去f/fe為ves13、interviewn.采訪、會(huì)見(jiàn)haveaninterviewwithsb.vt.對(duì)….進(jìn)行面試，采訪interviewerviewer采訪者14、communicatewithsb.和某人交流=have__communication____withsb.havenocommunicationwithsb.和某人沒(méi)有交流15、fromtimetotime=sometimes=attimes不時(shí)，有時(shí)，偶爾16、since(1)“既然，由于”Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.(2)“自…以來(lái)”過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)since1990,sincelastyear現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+時(shí)間段+agosincethreeyearsago句子（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）sinceIwenttoschool17、over①在……期間overthe10years在10年間②超過(guò)Heisover30yearsold.他超過(guò)30歲了。③從一邊到另一邊jumpoverthechair跳過(guò)椅子④結(jié)束Classisover.18、turn;linkv1)Thetreeturnsgreen.n.2)It’syourturnnow.vt.3)Theyturnedtheplaceintoabigcinema.19、wasten.[U]廢物toomuchwaste=rubbish=litter[C]浪費(fèi)WatchingTVadsisjusta___waste__oftime.vt.浪費(fèi)wastetimedoingsth.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做…returnvi返回returnto…=go/come/getbackto…vt歸還returnsth.to……=givesth.backto…把某物還給……returnthebooktothelibrary把書還給圖書館21、pollutionn.[U]污染muchpollution,air/water/noisepollutionpollutev.污染pollutetheriver污染小河pollutedadj.被污染的apollutedriver一條被污染的小河Thewater___pollution_____(pollute)isterrible.Drinking___polluted_____(pollute)waterisbadforourhealth.22、improvev.提高;改善improvetheenvironment改善環(huán)境23、inone’sway擋某人的路；妨礙Don’tbeinmyway.不要妨礙我。onone’sway在某人去…的路上onmywayhome（副詞前不加to）在我回家的路上insomeways在某種程度上Insomeways,heisagoodboy.24、usedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事Iusedto___go___(go)toschoolbybus.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事Iamused___togoing_____(go)herenow.25、impossibleadj.不可能的possibleadj.可能的possibilityn.可能性Nothingis____impossible____(possible).二、語(yǔ)法Grammar一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如for、since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for:+一段時(shí)間forayear,fortwoweeks,forthreeyears...過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,sincelastweek,since2008…Since一段時(shí)間+ago,since9yearsago,since3daysago…,+點(diǎn)時(shí)間一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：sinceyoucame，sincehemovedhere,sinceIwasborn…例如：1.EddiehaslivedwithMilliefor4years.since2011.CoffeyhaslivedinKunshansince4yearsago.sincesheleftschool.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)”、“了”等表達(dá))通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just(句中）,already(句中，句末）,before(句末）,yet（句末）,never（句中）,ever（句中）,recently(句末)等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：例如：1.Eddiehasjusteatenmyfood.（Eddie已經(jīng)吃了我的食物。）2.Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.（我以前從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那件事）3.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?（你曾經(jīng)騎過(guò)馬嗎？）4.Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.（她早已經(jīng)完成這個(gè)工作了。）5.Wehaven’tfinishedourhomeworkyet.（我們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)呢。）二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成（1）肯定句：I/We/You/They+助動(dòng)詞have+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它。He/She/It+助動(dòng)詞has+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它。（2）否定句I/We/You/They+havenot/hasn’t+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它。He/She/It+hasnot/hasn’t+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它。(3)一般疑問(wèn)句及回答---Have+I/you/we/they+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它？---Yes,I/you/we/theyhave.---No,I/you/we/theyhaven’t.---Has+she/he/it+p.p.（過(guò)去分詞）+其它？---Yes,she/he/ithas.---No,she/he/ithasn’t.(4)特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+p.p.(過(guò)去分詞）+其它？e.g.ThegirlhaslearnedEnglishfor6years.HowlonghasthegirllearnedEnglish?Ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast.Whathaveyoueatenforbreakfast?三、過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(A)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped(B)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞原型過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞原型過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞dodiddoneeatateeatengowentgonefindfoundfoundseesawseenforgetforgotforgottenbuyboughtboughtcomecamecomeputputputcutcutcutbuildbuiltbuiltwritewrotewritten三、詞組歸納過(guò)去常常做某事，曾經(jīng)做… usedtodosth.與某人分享某物 sharesthwithsb步行去某地 gotosp.onfoot/walktosp很了解(熟悉)某事 knowsthverywell搬走/搬家 moveaway/movehouse在陽(yáng)光鎮(zhèn)北部 inthenorthernpartofSunshineTown與某人結(jié)婚 get/bemarriedto改變很多，變化很大 changealot把……變成 turn…into…把廢物排進(jìn)河里 putthewasteintotheriver采取措施改善這種情況 takeactiontoimprovethesituation更加干凈得多 muchcleaner在某些方面，在某種程度上 insomeways下中國(guó)象棋 playChinesechess感到有點(diǎn)兒寂寞 feelabitlonely有時(shí)，偶爾 sometimes/attimes/fromtimetotime使某事更好/更容易 makesthbetter/easier發(fā)生；舉行 takeplace在最近幾年里 in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears許多次/在不同時(shí)代/時(shí)期 manytimes/atdifferenttimes改善我們的生活條件 improveourlivingconditions與某人保持聯(lián)系 keepintouchwithsb.通過(guò)電子郵件交流 communicatebyemail使交際更加容易 makecommunicationmucheasier單獨(dú)/獨(dú)自做某事 dosth.alone/byoneself/onone’sown阻止污染為了過(guò)上幸福生活 stopthepollutiontoliveahappylife鋼鐵廠 asteelfactory意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題 realizetheproblem在一些大片開(kāi)闊的空地上建房 buildtallbuildingsinsomelargeopenspaces擁有自己的小汽車 haveowncars某人做某事已經(jīng)變得不可能了。 Ithasbecomeimpossibleforsb.todosth.和以前一樣經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面 seeeachotherasoftenasbefore四、句型歸納你過(guò)去對(duì)我那么好。 You_usedto__besokindtome.你對(duì)陽(yáng)光鎮(zhèn)非常了解嗎？ DoyouknowSunshineTownverywell?3.陽(yáng)光河邊曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)鋼鐵廠。 Therewasoncea____steelfactory___neartheSunshineRiver.4.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)……。 It’s+adj+forsbtodosth.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)像以前一樣經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)變得不可能了。Ithasbecomeimpossibleforusto____meetasoftenasbefore___5.我們過(guò)去常在一起打牌下中國(guó)象棋。Weusedto___playChinesechess_____together.6.我有時(shí)會(huì)覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)孤獨(dú)。 Ifeelabitlonelyfromtimetotime.7.近幾年我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了許多變化。（3種）Manychanges____havetakenplace_____inmyhometownovertheyears.Therehavebeen__manychanges______inmyhometownovertheyears.Myhometown___haschanged____alotovertheyears.8.自從他去世以來(lái)已經(jīng)三年了。(4種)He____died__threeyearsago.He______hasbeendead____forthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssince___hedied___.Threeyears__haspassed______sincehedied.9.他習(xí)慣于晚飯后散步。 Heisusedto___walking_____aftersupper.10.你們?nèi)绾位ハ啾３致?lián)系？ Howdoyou_____keepintouchwith________eachother?11.特網(wǎng)使得交際容易得多。 TheInternetmakescommunication___mucheasier_____..12.現(xiàn)在政府把鎮(zhèn)中心的一部分變成了一個(gè)新的公園。Nowthegovernment____hasturned_partof___theown___into____apark.易錯(cuò)題分析易錯(cuò)題分析語(yǔ)法部分：一、用所給此詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.It（rain）foraweek.2.Idon’tknowthiswoman.I（never，meet）her.3.－Let’sgotothecinema.－No,I（see,already）thefilm.4.We（not,finish）ourhomeworkyet.Willyouwaitaminute?5.John（not,come）yet.Hewillbebackinaminute.6.Mr.GreenoftengoestoAmerica.Infact,he（be）theretentimes.7.－Where’sJohn?－Hejust（go）totheteachers’office.8.She（study）Englishsinceshewasten.9.Jimisn’there.He（go）tothelibrary.He（go）thereanhourago.10.He（never,travel）onatraininherlife.【答案】hasrained2havenevermet3havealreadyseen4haven’tfinished5hasn’tcome6hasbeen7hasgone8hasstudies9hasgone；went10hasnevertravelled二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thebushasn’tarrivedyet.(改成肯定句)Thebus_________________________.2.Ihavewatchedtheinterestingfilmrecently.(改成一般疑問(wèn)句)______you________theinterestingfilmsrecently?3.Ihavealreadyhadmybreakfast.(改為否定句)I________hadmybreakfast______.4.Ihavealreadyfinisheddoingmyhomework.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)_____________finisheddoingyourhomework________?5.Shehasalreadyworkedoutthatdifficultmathproblem.(改為否定句)She_________workedoutthatdifficultproblem__________.【答案】1.hasarrivedalready/hasalreadyarrived2.Have,watched3.haven't,yet4.Haveyou,yet5.hasn't,yet三、用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.TheGreenfamily______________(live)herefortenyears.They________(come)herein1998.2.Whynotseethefilmwithme?I____________(see)thefilm.I_______(see)itlastweekwithmysister.3.Mybrother____________(be)bornin1983.Sincethen,he_____________(live)inthiscity.4.Howmanytimes__________you____________(visit)Nanjing?5.Don’tworry.Thereisalittletime_____________(leave).6.It

used

_____________(be)

very

quiet.7.The

changes

to

Moonlight

Town

have

_______(bring)

many

problems.8.Thegovernmentwantstoreducethe____________(pollute).9.Wasitpossibleforourteam__________(lose)thegameinthelast3minutes.【答案】havelived,came;2.haveseen,saw;3.was,haslived;4.havevisited;5.left;6.tobe;7.brought;8.pollution;9tolose詞匯句型部分：一、詞匯拼寫1.Sandyhasalotoffriends,sosheneverfeels____________(寂寞).2.Thatreporterhadan__________(采訪)withJayChoulastweek.3.Yearsago,thegovernment________(意識(shí)到)itwasaseriousproblemandtookactiontoreducethepollution.4.Kittygot__________(結(jié)婚)lastyear.Herhusbandisacomputerprogrammer.5.Manyplacesare____________(污染)allovertheworld,sowehavetodosomethingtohelptheearth.6.Weallhopeweshouldhavemore__________(開(kāi)闊的)spaceinthecity.7.Theenvironmenthas(改變)alot.【答案】1.lonely2.interview3.realized4.married5.polluted6.open7.changed二、翻譯句子1.政府已經(jīng)把這個(gè)地方變成了一個(gè)公園。Thealreadytheplaceapark.2.我不時(shí)地感到寂寞。Itimetime.3.工廠以前經(jīng)常把它的廢物倒進(jìn)河里。Thefactorytointotheriver.4.我們必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)改善這種狀況。Wemusttothe.5.他不像以前那樣經(jīng)常見(jiàn)老朋友。Hecan’tseehisoldfriends.【答案】governmenthasturnerinto;2.feellonelyfrom;to;3.used;putwaste;4.takeactionimprovesituation;5.asoftenasbefore;三、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.UncleDongis______fromtimetotimebecausehemisses______oldfriendMrWang.A.lonely,theB.alone,anC.lonely,anD.alone,the()2.Wehaven’tseeneachother________.A.foralongtimeB.twodaysagoC.fortwodaysagoD.alongtimeago()3.－______he______atthisschoollastterm?－Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did,studyB.Has,studiedC.Was,studyD.Did,studied()4.He’sneverwatchedsuchaninterestingmatch,___________?A.isn’theB.hasn’theC.isheD.hashe()5.MissWang______anEnglishteacher.Butnowsheisn’t.A.usetobeB.usedtobeC.usedtoD.usestobe()6.Theoldmanwasnot______toclimbupthehill.A.healthyB.enoughhealthyC.healthenoughD.healthyenough()7.－Whynotgotoseethedolphinshowwithme?－BecauseI_______it.A.sawB.willseeC.seeD.haveseen()8.—Youlookreallybeautifulinthispinkdress,Sally.— A.No,justso-so.B.Thankyou.C.Yes,I’msure.D.Notatall.()9.Mymother______Englishsinceshecametothecity.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.taughtD.havetaught()10.Mr.GreenhasworkedinZhenjiangsincehisfamilytoChinayearsago.A.hasmovedB.movesC.movedD.move()11.Don’tyouthinkthattheriveris________now?A.muchcleanerB.verycleanerC.muchcleanD.cleanest()12.---IhaveboughtaChinese–Englishdictionary.--Whenandwhere_____you_____it?A.have,boughtB.did,buyC.will,buyD.do,buy()13.Hehaskeptintouchwithus.A.sinceamonthB.foramonthC.foramonthagoD.inamonth()14.Myson____________upyetbecausehe_____________tobedverylatelastnight.A.hasn’tgot;hasgone B.didn’tget;wentC.doesn’tget;went D.hasn’tgot;went()15.Milliehadaninterview_____Lily’sgrandpathismorning.A.andB.toC.withD.about()16.Weinviteexpertstogiveustalks.A.fromadayandnightB.fromtimetotimeC.frompasttonowD.fromonetoanother()17.Thechil