被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 課件-高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Somebodycleansthisroomeveryday.Thisroomiscleanedeveryday.basicinformationcompare主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。PART-ONEWhenweusepassivevoice?Howtousepassivevoice?usage1.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(1).不知道或不必提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者這類被動(dòng)句的特點(diǎn)是不用by引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina

（bysb）.(2).強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，把承受者作為談話的中心時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這類被動(dòng)句可以用by引出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也可以不用。Manybuildingsweredestroyedinthebigfire.usage1.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況(3).出于禮貌或某種原因，避免說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)Youwillbecontacted.

我們會(huì)和你聯(lián)系的。(4).公告、通知、新聞報(bào)道、報(bào)紙標(biāo)題、科技文章中-客觀/禮貌Rubbishisstrictlyprohibited

here.

此處嚴(yán)禁倒垃圾。(公告)SatisfactionGuaranteed/Manwanted.usage2.常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)basicstructure：主語(yǔ)+be+done(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)+其他！在“be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be相同。雙賓語(yǔ)情況：give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,lend,show,pay被動(dòng)句時(shí)：

一般把“人”提前作主語(yǔ)；將“物”提前則要在“人”的前面加to

或for。givesbsth--sbbegivensth/sthbegiventosb時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)：bedone時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過(guò)去時(shí)did一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdo過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddo現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)should/can/must/mightdostham/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshould/can/mustbedone2.一般過(guò)去時(shí):1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):was/were+doneThestreetiscleaned(clean)bythedustmeneverymorning.

Thesebookswerewritten(write)in1969.Somepinetreeswillbeplanted(plant)intheparktomorrow.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(build)overtherivernow.Allthelettershavebeenposted(post)sofar.willbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donehave

/hasbeen+done

小試牛刀am/is/are+done判斷是否被動(dòng)-時(shí)態(tài)-具體結(jié)構(gòu)

小試牛刀Theroadswerebeingwidened(widen)lastweekatthistime.Shehadsaidthatthebridgehadbeenwashed(wash)awaybytheflood.Thebabymustbelooked(look)afterwell.6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):7.過(guò)去完成時(shí):

8.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

was/werebeing+donehadbeen+done

must/can/may…+bedone1.Thatplay_______________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.2.Thebook________________(print)nowandwillcomeout

soon.3.Planes,carsandtrains_____________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.4.

A

beautifulhorse______________(draw)

byJohntheotherday.5.Theoldmanisill.

He__________(mustsend)to

hospitalatonce.6.Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)willbeputareusedwasdrawnisbeingprintedmustbesent

小試牛刀beundone木已成舟。PART-TWO被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的要點(diǎn)！不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

要點(diǎn)1（1）有些及物動(dòng)詞/短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)，常見的有：have有,cost花費(fèi),lack缺少,own擁有,belongto屬于,takepartin參加（2）不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生,remain剩下,breakout爆發(fā),last持續(xù),comeout出版,comeup被提出,loseheart失去信心,datefrom/datebackto追溯到,runout用完主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況

要點(diǎn)21.

連系動(dòng)詞（如look,appear,

seem,

sound,taste,

smell,

feel；turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep,prove,turnouttobe等）+adj/n.構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。道理是，“事物”作句子主語(yǔ)給人在感官上某種感覺,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Hissuggestionsoundsgreat.

他的建議聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。Silkfeelssmooth.

絲綢摸起來(lái)光滑。Thenewsprovestobe/turnsouttobetrue.消息被證明時(shí)真的。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況(2)不及物動(dòng)詞：

sell,wash,cut,read,wear,write,run,burn,clean,shut,start,open等后帶狀語(yǔ)well,easily,smoothly等.用主動(dòng)表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義：表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能Thematerialhaswornthin.磨薄了。Theclothwashes/sellseasily.這布很耐洗/很暢銷Thepoemreadssmoothly.這首詩(shī)讀起來(lái)很順暢。Thisovencleanseasily.這烤箱oven容易擦洗。Thedoorwon’tshutandthecarwon’tstart.門關(guān)不上，車發(fā)動(dòng)不了。Thelibrarydoesn’topenonSundays.圖書館星期天不開門。

要點(diǎn)2(3).在need,

want,

require+V-ing表示被動(dòng)，意為需要做;

deserve/beworth/bear+V-ing”表示被動(dòng)，意為“值得/應(yīng)當(dāng)做...”。=need/wantrequiretobedone/=deserve/beworth/beartobedone主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況

要點(diǎn)2Thehouseneedscleaning.→Thehouseneeds____________.Themovieisworthseeing.

→Themovieisworth____________.tobecleanedtobeseen主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況

要點(diǎn)2Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Volleyballmatchisveryinterestingtowatch.(4).在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。

這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。

排球比賽很好看。(5).“get+過(guò)去分詞”,也可以表示被動(dòng)含義。此時(shí)get失去原有的意義，更接近be的功能：getmarried結(jié)婚;getpaid獲得報(bào)酬;gethurt受傷;gettrapped/stuck/caught被困getlost迷路；

getdrunk喝醉了；getdressed穿好衣服；

getrunover被(車)軋主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況

要點(diǎn)2Youshouldprotectyourskintoavoidgetting

(sunburn)whenyougooutinthehotsun.sunburnt(6)“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句”式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)--據(jù)v;人們都v.

e.g.It’ssaidthatshehassomesupernaturalpowers.

It’sreportedthattheyhavediscoveredanewstar.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Itishopedthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…表被動(dòng)意義的結(jié)構(gòu)

要點(diǎn)21.Theflightmust__________(book)bytomorrow.2.Thetwins________(looklike)theirmother.3.She__________(invite)toJack’s16thbirthdaypartyinNewJerseyyesterday.4.Thepizza________(taste)deliciouswithoutanycheeseatall.bebookedlooklikewasinvited

tastes5.Thecompanybelievestheproductswill________(sell)wellintherun-uptoChristmas.6.Thestory________(read)well.7.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport________________(broadcast)andIwanttolisten.8.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_______(belong)tothewell-educated.

sellreadsisbeingbroadcast

belongs

要點(diǎn)3變被動(dòng)時(shí)要還原to的情況Theymadehimgotherealone.Hewasmade

(go)therealone.TheysawLindagivetheperformance.Lindawasseen______(give)theperformance.togotogivemake,see,hear,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞：在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，to要還原。PART-THREEpractice[即時(shí)演練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Now，peoplecanlearnaboutthehistorythroughadocumentarycalledThe

Six：The

Untold

Story

of

Titanic's

Chinese

Passengers，which____________(release)onApril16，2021.2．(2024·江蘇南通模擬)Breathingdirtyaircausestheprematuredeathofatleast1，200childrenacrossEuropeeachyear.Actually，manythousandsmore____________(trouble)withphysicalandmentalhealthproblemsthatcouldhavelifelongimpacts.wasreleasedaretroubled3．Sofar，throughtheremotevideomonitoringsystemandtheuseofBDSandotherequipment，theintelligentandinformation-basedthree-dimensionsystemofthe“skyandground”forbiodiversityprotection_____________________(establish)．4．Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse__________________(decorate)．hasbeenestablishedisbeingdecorated選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?.Letters____________(sent)bythepostmanat8everyday.2.Thisbag________________(find)onthebusyesterday.3.Thedresscan’t________________(wash)inhotwater.4.Thistower__________________(not;rebuilt)sincethe1930’s.aresent

wasfoundbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuilt5.Themachine________________(teste)justwhenthemanagercame.6.Thenewplan________________(announce)intwodays.7.Look!Yourcar________________(lift)offtheground.

wasbeingtested

willbeannouncedisbeinglifted8.WhenIstopped,mycar___________(hit)frombehind.9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock?—We____________________(interview)byareporter.washitwerebeinginterviewedTheartistwassurehewould____________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.(2020全國(guó)III卷)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood___________(need).(2020浙江)Mywashingmachine_________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.(2018天津)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.(2018北京)bechosenwasneededisbeingrepairedhadbeentrappedTheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityduringtheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.(2021全國(guó)甲)wasbuilt“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct).”(2020全國(guó)卷I)isconstructed

Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic__________(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollectionisondisplay.(2020新高考I)arecalled1.

這本小說(shuō)花了他500美元。_____________________________________________________2.

她上個(gè)月出版的書買得很好。那本書是關(guān)于一個(gè)歷史可以追溯到宋朝的花瓶展開。Herbook,which

_______________lastmonth___________well.Hisbookisaboutavast,whosehistory______________________________3.

我們的錢已經(jīng)花光了。_____________________________________________________4.

電影的故事聽起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。那部電影值得一看。____________________________________________________________Thisnovelcosted/costshim500dollars.cameoutsoldcoulddatebacktoSongdynasty.Ourmoneyhasrunout.Thestoryofthemoviesoundsnice.Thatfilmisworthwatching.5.

幸運(yùn)的是，那個(gè)在公園里迷路的小男孩，最后在警察局被找到。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.

眾所周知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)極大地改善了人們的生活。（被動(dòng)）___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.

由于對(duì)社會(huì)的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，他在2017年被授予一枚金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。__________________________________________________________Fortunately,theboy,whogotlostinthepark,wasfinallyfoundinthepoliceoffice.Asisknowntoall,people’sliveshavebeengreatlychangedbytheInternet.Hewasawardedagoldmedalforhisgreatcontributiontothesociety.Readtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand_______________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.isregardedexplored/represented