2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語課時分層作業(yè)11Unit4Historyandtraditions含解析新人教版必修第二冊

PAGE1-課時分層作業(yè)(十一)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Hesoundedbothpitifulandeagertoget(get)whathewanted.2．Igreetedtotheteacherwith“Hello”，andtheteachergavemeasweetsmileinreturn.3．Withtimepermitting(permit)，we'llgotovisittheGreatWall.4．Malaysiaisdotted(dot)withplains，forestedhillsandmountainsthatcoverbotheastandwestMalaysia.5．Thememoriesofthechildhoodcrowdedinonme.6．Thereweren'tenoughsnacks(snack)onhandfortheparty.7．TheJinggangMountainsstandwheretheboundariesoffour8．Therolling(roll)ballcametorestatthefootofthehill.9．Shewasapoet(poem)andexpressedherfeelingsintheformofpoetry.10．Everycityhasitsownsetoftraditionsandcustoms(custom).Ⅱ.閱讀理解Historiansandarchaeologistshavedefinedperiodsofhumanhistoryforcenturiesbythetechnologiesormaterialsthatmadethegreatestimpactonsociety.ThisincludestheStoneAge,theBronzeAge,andtheIronAge.Butwhatageareweinnow?Thatquestioncanbeansweredwithonewordforsomeresearchers.Plastics.“Plastichasredefinedourmaterialcultureandtheartifactsweleavebehind.Itwillbefoundinstratified(分層的)layersinourtrashdeposits(沉積層).”That'saccordingtoJohnMarston,anarchaeologist.Thewidevarietyofsyntheticpolymers(合成聚合物)wouldnotexistifitweren'tforhumanaction.Aboutsixbilliontonsofplasticshavebeenmadeandspreadaroundtheplanet.Theyhavebeenspreadfromforeststooceanseversincethefirstplasticpolymerswereinvented.PlasticsareoneofthemostsignificantchangesthathumanshavemadetotheEarth'smakeup.Mostplasticsdon'teasilydegrade.Thisonlyaddstotheproblem.Recyclingisn'tanadequatesolution.Notalltypesofplasticareeasilyrecyclable.Andthereareonlyafewrecyclingplantsthatcanprocessallvarietiesofplastic.AccordingtoDebraWinter,writerforTheAtlantic,thismeansthatmanyofthematerialsthrownintorecyclingbinscancrosstheplanetseveraltimesbeforetheyareprocessed.Theyaremadeintorugs,sweaters,ortheyareusedtomakeotherbottles.Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.Theproblemhasreachedthepointwhereit'spossiblethatinjustafewdecadestheremightbemoreplasticintheworld'soceansthanfishes.“Plasticshaveasupposedlifespanofover500years,soit'ssafetosaythateveryplasticbottleyouhaveusedexistssomewhereonthisplanet,insomeformoranother，”Winterwrites.Thedamagemayalreadybedone.Itmaybetoolateforhumanpopulationsworldwidetochangetheirplasticusingways.SothePlasticAgemightsoontakeitsplacenexttotheBronzeAgeandtheIronAgeinthehistoryofhumancivilization.1．WhydopeoplecallouragethePlasticAge?A．Becauseplasticsarenotnaturallymade.B．Becausehumanscreateplastics.C．Becauseplasticsinfluencetheworldgreatly.D．Becausehistoriansandarchaeologiststhinkso.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，歷史學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家是運用對社會造成最大影響的技術(shù)或材料來界定人類歷史時期的，由此可推知，我們稱現(xiàn)在這個時代為塑料時代的緣由是塑料極大地影響了世界，故C項正確。]2．Accordingtothepassage,howaremostplasticsdealtwithcurrently?A．Theyarerecycled.B．Theyaredegraded.C．Theyarethrownaway.D．Theyaremadeintobottles.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的“Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean”可知，可回收的塑料垃圾較少，更多的塑料垃圾最終被扔到垃圾場或海洋中了，故C項正確。]3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothePlasticAge?A．Negative. B．Ambiguous.C．Favorable. D．Unconcerned.A[觀點看法題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾對社會的巨大的負(fù)面影響，尤其在最終一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾對社會可能已經(jīng)造成了損害，人們變更運用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者對塑料時代持消極看法。故A項正確。]4．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Plasticshaveruinedourenvironment.B．Wemuststopusingplasticsaltogether.C．HumanbeingsareinthePlasticAge.D．Plasticsaresignificanttohumandevelopment.C[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述的是我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在處于塑料時代并說明了我們這個時代被稱為塑料時代的緣由，由此可推知，C項最符合文意。]Ⅲ.完形填空Itisn'teverydaythatpeoplefromtwodifferentculturesarebroughttogethertoformanewunion.This1recentlywhenIattendedtheweddingofmyfriend，anEnglishman，whowasmarriedtoalovelyGreeklady.Nowadays，therearemanysuchunionsbutnotallunionshavebeen2andhonestlyaccepted.Aweddingcelebration，thus，isagreatopportunityto3thatnegativeopinion.Peoplecangettoestablishalifelongrelationship，whichwilllaterbesharedwhentheiroffspring(后代)canreceiveandbenefitfromsuchafamily.Weallneedto4newunderstandingsofotherswhojoininournation，familyandcommunity.Suchnewarrivalsarepartofthe5ofournationbecausetheyhavehelpedmakeourcountrywhatitistoday.Aweddingthatinvolvestwodifferentculturesisagoldenopportunitytoletthem6．Whenyoustartoutwithinasituationofhappiness，itisaloteasiertobreaktheicebetweentwocultures，andto7whatmakestheotherpersonunique.Ireallyhopethatchildrencangrowupwithindifferentcultures，graspingthe8ofeachcultureandbecomingabetterperson.Thiscombinationoflearningwillhelp9theiron-goingrelationshipswithpeoplefromdifferentcultures，lettingthemunderstandeachotherbetterandreducingconflictsintheprocess.Thatwillhelpthembe10involved(參加)inacceptingothersdifferentfromthemselves，andlearningto11thosedifferences.Weallshouldtakeawelcomingattitudetonewarrivals.Thenthewayweacceptanewcultureintoourfamily，nationandthisworldwillbefarbetter.Understandingandappreciationwillbeliftedtoamuchhigherlevelandbecome12behavior，notoneoftheexceptions.Varietyisanadvantageforpeople.13isnotallthesameandpeopledon'twanttobe.Why？Ithinktheanswerisobvious.14wewereallthesame，canyouimaginehow15relationshipsofanykindwouldbe?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭論文。作者認(rèn)為，不同種族的人的結(jié)合有利于人們接受不同的文化。1．A.agreed B．changedC．realized D．happenedD[依據(jù)前面的“Itisn'teverydaythatpeoplefromtwodifferentculturesarebroughttogethertoformanewunion.”可知，此處表示不同文化背景的人的結(jié)合發(fā)生了。]2．A.possessed B．celebratedC．recommended D．valuedB[依據(jù)語境以及“therearemanysuchunionsbutnotallunions”可知，并不是全部的這類結(jié)合都得到了人們的祝愿。]3．A.inspire B．expressC．confirm D．changeD[依據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為這樣的結(jié)婚典禮可以“變更”人們不接受不同文化的人結(jié)合的想法。]4．A.develop B．takeC．a(chǎn)dvise D．expectA[依據(jù)上下文可知，作者認(rèn)為我們須要培育對于新加入我們民族、家庭以及社區(qū)的人的新的理解。]5．A.interest B．influenceC．history D．desireC[依據(jù)語境可知，這里的意思是這些不同的文化是作者民族歷史的一部分，正是這些不同的文化使他們國家成為現(xiàn)在的樣子。]6．A.remain B．meetC．succeed D．spreadB[依據(jù)“Aweddingthatinvolvestwodifferentcultures”可知，這里是指婚禮的場合是一個很好的讓不同的文化“相遇；碰撞”的機(jī)會。]7．A.leaveout B．careaboutC．findout D．talkaboutC[依據(jù)“itisaloteasiertobreaktheice”可知，在這種狀況下，人們更簡單打破文化之間的界限，“發(fā)覺”是什么讓另一半如此獨特。]8．A.differences B．strengthsC．challenges D．choicesB[由空格后提到的“becomingabetterperson”可知，要成為一個更優(yōu)秀的人，自然是要學(xué)習(xí)不同文化的優(yōu)點。]9．A.promote B．ruinC．preserve D．beginA[由下文的“l(fā)ettingthemunderstandeachotherbetter”可知，這里的意思是學(xué)習(xí)不同的文化能夠促進(jìn)與不同文化背景的人的關(guān)系，讓彼此能夠更加理解對方。]10．A.necessarily B．seriouslyC．a(chǎn)ctively D．proudlyC[依據(jù)語境可知，這能夠幫助他們更主動地接受來自不同文化背景的人。]11．A.recognize B．ignoreC．face D．a(chǎn)ppreciateD[由語境可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會接受并學(xué)會觀賞文化的差異。]12．A.possible B．simpleC．hard D．normalD[由后文的“notoneoftheexceptions”可知，對于和我們不同的文化，我們也會有更多的理解和觀賞，這會變成一種非常正常的事情，而不是一個例外。]13．A.Nobody B．EveryoneC．Both D．SomeoneB[依據(jù)上下文的語境可知，這里是說不是每個人都是一樣的，他們也不想一樣。]14．A.If B．SinceC．Though D．AsA[依據(jù)語境可知，這里是在進(jìn)行假設(shè)。假如我們都一樣，那么你能想象人與人之間的關(guān)系將會多么無聊？]15．Aplicated B．boringC．funny D．interestingB[解析見上題。]Ⅳ.語法填空Chinesebrushcalligraphyor“shufa”inChineseisoneof1.mostimportantartformsinChina.ManyAsiancultureshaveoriginatedtheirowncalligraphystyles，butChina'sisunequaledbecauseof2.(it)beauty，grace,andhistory.The3.(origin)ofChinesebrushcalligraphyareunknown，butlocaltalessayitgoesbackover4，000yearstothetimeofthelegendary(傳聞的)YellowEmperor(2698BC—2598BC).Atthattimecharacterswerecarvedonanimalbonesortortoiseshells.OnlyafterEmperorQinShiHuangunitedChinaunderhisrule4.onecountrydiditreallygainpopularityasacommonartform.HesimplifiedChinesecharactersandregularruleswereset，5.(make)iteasierforpeopletolearnandmaster.ThisChineseartformcontinuedtoprogressandduringtheTangDynasty(618AD—907AD)anewtypeofcursivescript(草書)wasformedandstandardized.Itiswritten6.(free)，butit'snotaseasytoread.TodayChinesecalligraphyisonceagainasubjectinschoolsandanartformhighly7.(appreciate)acrosstheworld.Anyonecanpracticeitand8.isrequiredisasimplesetincluding：brus