語法專題十五 定語從句【考點(diǎn)精講精練】-2023年中考語法一點(diǎn)通（學(xué)生版）

語法專題十五、定語從句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講概念理解定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，又稱形容詞性從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句在先行詞后面，但二者并不一定緊挨著。關(guān)系詞（引導(dǎo)詞）：連接先行詞和從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，也可叫關(guān)系詞或連接詞。連接詞有that，who，which等。Ilikethemoviethat/whichisfunny.先行詞引導(dǎo)詞Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.先行詞引導(dǎo)詞【特別注意】先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞是等量關(guān)系=1\*GB3①引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分，代替先行詞，意思就是先行詞的意義。所以，在定語從句中不能重復(fù)其意。正TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisitinChina.誤TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisittheminChina.=2\*GB3②先行詞在從句中做主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由先行詞決定。Thisistheplacethatisfamousforpandas.Johnreadsbookswhicharefun.如何把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)含定語從句的復(fù)合句Heisthethief.他是那個(gè)小偷。Thethiefstolemywallet.那個(gè)小偷偷了我的錢包。（兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句）Heisthethiefwho/thatstolemywallet.他是那個(gè)偷了我錢包的小偷。（一個(gè)復(fù)合句）通過觀察，我們可以總結(jié)出以下合并規(guī)律：把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合在一起。HeisthethiefThethiefstolemywallet.合并同類項(xiàng)，去掉一個(gè)多余的。Heisthethiefstolemywallet.根據(jù)先行詞來選擇引導(dǎo)詞來代替這個(gè)多余項(xiàng)。Heisthethiefwho/thatstolemywallet.引導(dǎo)詞的選擇（1）關(guān)系代詞：who(人-主格),whom(人-賓客),whose(人-所有格),which(物),that(人/物)。（2）關(guān)系副詞：where(地點(diǎn)),when(時(shí)間),why(原因)。初中階段要求掌握關(guān)系代詞。一般who用于指代人的先行詞，which用來指代物的先行詞，that既可指人又可指物。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。4.引導(dǎo)詞只能用that的情況：（1）先行詞本身是all,everything,something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)；先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)或thelast,thefirst,thesame,theonly,等作定語時(shí)；先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。1.Heisthefirstperson______comestoschooleveryday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.which2.Thisisthemostbeautifulpicture_____Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whose3.Heistheonlyperson_______passedtheexaminhisclass.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.that4.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings_____theycanremember.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.which5.Thereisnothingintheworld________canmakehimgiveuphisdream.A.what B.that C.which D.who5.引導(dǎo)詞只能用which的情況（1）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.（2）先行詞本身是that。TheclockisthatwhichIboughtyesterday.（3）非限制性定語從句。HisEnglish,whichusedtobeverypoor,isnowexcellent.Thehotelin

westayedlastweekisrightonBondiBeach.A.that B.which C.who D.whom6.定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的省略不管定語從句修飾的先行詞是人還是物，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。不過在正式文體中，引導(dǎo)詞不省略。但是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語時(shí)就不能省略?！猈hatareyoudoing?

—I'mreadingthenovel______youlentmeyesterday.A.what B.who C.when D./7.定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的影響，根據(jù)從句所在具體的語境和意義而定。例如：TheheadmasterwhomadeaspeechyesterdayisfromPekingUniversity.昨天做演講的校長(zhǎng)來自北京大學(xué)。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)）TheheadmasterwhoismakingaspeechnowisfromPekingUniversity.現(xiàn)在正在演講的校長(zhǎng)來自北京大學(xué)。(主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))TheheadmasterwhowillmakeaspeechtomorrowisfromPekingUniversity.明天要來演講的校長(zhǎng)來自北京大學(xué)。（主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句一般將來時(shí)）8.定語從句的主謂一致問題一般來說，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。所以一定要找準(zhǔn)先行詞，先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定從句謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。注意：先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞并不總是緊挨著，關(guān)系代詞前面的詞不一定是先行詞。Dadcaresmuchaboutthepoorinthevillages______inneedoffoodandeducation.A.whichis B.whois C.whichare D.whoare【特殊情況】=1\*GB3①先行詞是oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。（此時(shí)真正的先行詞是of后面的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）Sheisoneofthegirlswholovedancing.她是熱愛舞蹈的女孩其中之一。=2\*GB3②先行詞是theonlyoneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（此時(shí)真正的先行詞是theonlyone，是單數(shù)）Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthedrums.他是男孩子里唯一一個(gè)喜歡敲鼓的。=3\*GB3③oneofwhich在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（主語是one）Therearemanykindsofenergy,oneofwhichisoil.有許多種能源，其中之一是石油。Heisoneoftheboyswho________toBeijingbefore.A.hasbeen B.hasgone C.havebeen D.havegone考點(diǎn)精練考點(diǎn)精練中考語法—定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（共計(jì)50小題，每小題2分，總分100分）1.The

shop_____sells

flowers

is

at

the

end

of

the

street．A.who B.where C.whichD.what2.Abing'sErquanYingyueisapieceofmusic______hasbecomeoneofChina'snationaltreasures.A.who B.which C.whoseD.how3.—ASpringMorningismyfavoritepoem_______hasbeautifulwords.—I'mfondofit,too.A.who B.which C.whomD.where4.PeppaPig（《小豬佩奇》）isaBritishcartoon________hasbeenpopularinChinaandismuchlovedbylittlechildrenandtheirparents．A.who B.which C./D.where5.HappyCampisanentertainmentprogram______isveryhotamongtheyoungpeople.A.who B./ C.whichD.where6.Ablog(博客)isconsideredasaninvention________canexpressyourownideasandfeelingsfreely.It’stheroomtocommunicatewithotherpeopleonline.A.that B.who C.whereD.how7.—Doyouknowtheboy______istalkingtoMr.Zhang?—Yes.Heisourmonitor.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom8.Iprefermovies______mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgives B.thatgives C.thatgive D.whogive9.Themovie______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.that B.what C.whose D.who10.—Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Lucy?—IpreferthesongLittleApple

______canattractmanypeople.A.which B.who C.whom D.where11."Underground"istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage

beginsandendswiththeletters"und".A.what B.that C.who D.whom12.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies______scarymonsters.A.whichhas B.thathave C.whathas D.whyhave13.—Doyouknowtheman______T-shirtisblue?—Yes,Ido.HeismyChineseteacher,Mr.Smith.A.who B.that C.whose D.which14.Wedon'tlikepeople______talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whose B.who C.when D.which15.Teenagers

like

reading

the

books

________

are

written

by

Guo

Jingming.A.who B.what C.whose D.that16.WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork,thepeople______livednearbycalledthepolice.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which17.—Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutfamousscientists______youcanuseforthereport?—Notyet.I'llsearchsomeontheInternet.A.where B.which C.what D.who18.-I'mlookingfortheCDaboutEXO_____Iboughtyesterday．A.that B.who C.whose D.when19.-Whichisyournewneighbour，LiuHua？-Theman_______T-shirtisred．A.that B.who C.which D.whose20.Thebookisaboutatruestory________happenedinmyhometown．A.which B.who C.whom D.whose21.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace

I'veevervisited．A.that B.whom C.where D.who22.Helikeslow-carbonlife．Helivesinthehouse________hebuilthimselfoutoftrash．A.where B.what C.which D.in

which23.Sandylikestheactors______arepopularamongteenagers．A.who B.which C.whomD.why24.Thewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.which B.who C.whom D.what25.I'llneverforgetthelesson______lastyear．A.that

I

learn B.that

I

learned C.what

I

learn D.what

I

learned26.Whentimesbecomedifficult，rememberamomentinyourlife_______wasfilledwithjoyandhappiness．A.what B.when C.that D.where27.Thephoto______takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwere B.thatis C.thatwere D.whichwas28.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Iprefermovies______givemesomethingtothinkabout.A.which B.who C.what D.when29.Confuciuswasa

famousphilosopher（哲學(xué)家）______hasinfluencedtheworldgreatly.A.whose B.whom C.which D.who30.—Isthereanyonehere__________nameisBetty?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose31.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.which B.that C.where D.when32.I

can't

remember

the

place

I

lived

many

years

ago．A.that B.which C.where D./33.Being

blind

is

something

_______most

people

can't

imagine．A.不填 B.what C.who D.which34.Iwillneverforgetthepeople______helpedmealotduringmyhardtime.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom35.ChakaSaltLake______isknownasMirroroftheSkyinterestsmoreandmoretourists.A.where B.which C.whoD.what36.Iwillremembertheimportantpeopleinmylife______helpedandsupportedme.A.who B.which C.what D.how37.Iprefermusic______hasgreatlyrics.A.who B.whose C.that D./38.—HaveyouseenthefilmTheWanderingEarth？—Yes.It'sthebestone______Ihaveeverseen.A.that B.which C.what D.it39.Wouldyoupleasetellmeabouttheplan______youmade______youleave?A.who;

after B.what;

when C.which;

while D.that;

before40.—Doyouknowtheman______spokeatthemeetingjustnow?—No,Idon'tknow.A.what B.who C.which D.whose41.Dr.ZhongNanshanisapioneer

hasmadealotofcontributions（貢獻(xiàn)）inthefieldofmedicalscience.A.which B.who C.whose D.what42.Thepolicemanhascaughtthethief______stoleMr.Li'swallet.A.whose B.who C.whom D.which43.Everything______youlearnbecomesapartofyouandchangesyou,solea