2024屆上海市部分區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題匯編：完形填空

上海市部分區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題匯編完形填空2024屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.Onthesurface,hisretirementhobbyseemsalittlerandom—ourfamilyhasnoconnectiontoFrench-speakingcountries—buthis___41___randeeperthanapassionforcakes.MygrandmotherdevelopedsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茲海默癥)inherearly70s,andstudiessuggestthatbeingbilingual,thatis,beingabletospeaktwolanguagesequallywell,can___42___thestartoftheconditionbyuptofiveyears.Drawnbythat___43___benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood.Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.Expertssayregularlyspeakingmultiplelanguagesmaybeespecially___44___though.“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis___45___working,”saidMarkAntoniou,aprofessoratWesternSydneyUniversitywhospecializesinbilingualism.Theageatwhichyoulearnanotherlanguageappearstobelessimportantthanhow___46___youspeakit.Thecognitive(認(rèn)知的)benefitisfromhavingto___47___yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage.Soifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive___48___.Thatprocessiscalledcognitiveinhibition.Intheory,byimprovingthesetypesofprocesses,thebrainbecomesstrongertothe___49___causedbydiseaseslikedementia.Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto___50___.However,evidenceforthebenefitsoflearningasecondlanguageasahobbyinyour60sis___51___.ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.Twomorerecentstudiesonthetopicfoundvirtuallyno___52___incognitiveperformanceafterpeopletookpartinlanguage-learningprograms.Thescientistswhoconductedthosestudiesofferedafewpotential___53___.Oneisthattheparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage,makingithardtoseeany___54___.Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.Thehandfulofstudieslookingintotheissuehaveusedlanguagelessonsthatwereverydifferentintheir___55___andfrequency.Somestudiestaughtparticipantsforeightmonths,othersforjustoneveryintenseweek.41.A.affection B.contribution C.motivation D.struggle42.A.delay B.prevent C.signal D.stimulate43.A.additional B.educational C.lasting D.potential44.A.beneficial B.common C.impractical D.rare45.A.carelessly B.constantly C.creativelyD.delicately46.A.long B.often C.soon D.well47.A.command B.practice C.restrict D.spread48.A.function B.psychology C.system D.training49.A.damages B.operations C.pains D.signs50.A.decline B.improve C.matter D.restore51.A.available B.mounting C.stronger D.weaker52.A.difference B.involvement C.pointD.reduction53.A.applications B.explanations C.findingsD.suggestions54.A.diversities B.improvements C.outcomesD.possibilities55.A.content B.intention C.lengthD.requirement2024屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies.___41___,mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared.Whilethedeathofmanybirdssincethe1500shasbeen___42___,ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___43___overtime.Thisconcealsthetrue___44___ofglobalextinctions.Researchersnowbelieve1,430birdspecies—almost12percent—havediedoutovermodernhumanhistorysincearound130,000yearsago,withthevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly___45___humanactivity.Thestudy,ledbytheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology(UKCEH)andpublishedin

NatureCommunications,usedstatisticalmodellingto___46___theundiscoveredbirdextinctions.LeadauthorDrRobCooke,anecologicalmodeleratUKCEH,says:“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___47___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests,and___48___withbirdsforfood.Weshowthatmanyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___49___,lostfromhistory.”DrS?renFaurbyoftheUniversityofGothenburg,aco-authorofthestudy,adds:“Thesehistoricextinctionshavehadamajorimpactonthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____50____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems,so,____51____birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____52____thesespeciesforsurvival.”O(jiān)bservationsandfossilsshow640birdspecieshavebeendrivenextinct—90percentoftheseonislands____53____bypeople.These____54____fromtheiconic(標(biāo)志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe.Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofprotectingspecies____55____,theprotectionofbirdsisanurgentissueformankind.41.A.Tosomeextent B.Onaverage C.Asaresult D.Inshort42.A.confirmed B.recorded C.concealedD.discussed43.A.distracted B.disposed C.dismissedD.disintegrated44.A.extent B.context C.outcomeD.influence45.A.dueto B.otherthan C.insteadofD.inspiteof46.A.declare B.illustrate C.estimateD.emphasize47.A.climate B.human C.environmental D.natural48.A.connected B.coped C.livedD.competed49.A.trace B.route C.change D.proposal50.A.interactive B.ecological C.productive D.social51.A.intermsof B.becauseof C.exceptforD.inadditionto52.A.dependon B.interactwith C.fightagainstD.stayaway53.A.inhabited B.removed C.developed D.killed54.A.result B.range C.suffer D.date55.A.origin B.project C.growth D.diversity2024屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InabustlingcityinArizonastoodahighschoolwheremostofthestudentsliveinpoverty.AmongthemwerefoursonsofMexicanimmigrants,Juan,Oscar,Luis,andAlfredo.Theseboys,comingfrom____21____backgrounds,oftenfoundthemselvesoverlookedandunderestimated.Bondedbyfateandfriendship,theysharedacommonpassionfor____22____.Twoscienceteacherstheredecidedtoentertheirhighschoolintoacomplicated____23____roboticscompetitionsponsoredbytheNASAandtheNavalResearch.Excitedforthenews,thesefourboyssignedupforthecompetition.Withenthusiasmandenergy,theystartedcallingmechanicalengineersfordesignhelp.Theywere____24____thatthesekindsofrobotsrequireglasssyntacticflotationfoam,atypeoffloatingmaterialusedinvariousmarineapplications.____25____money,alltheycouldaffordwassomePVCpipesandducttape(強(qiáng)力膠布).____26____,theysearchedthecityforvariousspareparts,gatheringwhatevertheycouldtobringtheirvisiontolife.Withtheteachers’guidanceandencouragement,they____27____togetherarobotwithnomorethanmetalandwires.Astheyworkedontheirrobot,theboysalsofacedpersonalchallenges.Juanstruggledwiththeweightoffamilyresponsibilities;Oscar____28____adeep-seatedfearoffailure;Luis’sheartachedfromtheconstantpeers’mockery(嘲笑)forhis____29____accent,andAlfredolongedforacceptanceandbelonging.____30____theseobstacles,theypersevered,leaningoneachotherforsupportandinspiration.Afterafewtestrunsoftheirrobot,theypiledintoasecond-handvantoheadtothecompetition.Uponenteringthemainpoolarea,theynoticedthecollegeteamswearingmatchingoutfits,withrobotssponsoredbybigcompanies.Feelingabitnervous,theboysputtherobotinthewaterforatestrun.____31____,thePVCdidn’tholdup,causingtherobottoleakandsink.However,insteadoflettingthis____32____ruintheirspirits,theboysputtheirheadstogetherandcameupwithabrilliantsolution.12hourslater,armedwith8super-absorbentpadstoplugtheleak,therobotwas____33____intothepoolagain.Thistime,theirrobotperformedadmirably.Glidinggracefullythroughthewaters,itnavigatedthecoursewithprecisionandspeed,____34____thejudgesandaudiencealike.Thisunderwaterrobot,asymboloftheirdeterminationand____35____,conqueredthewaters,defeatedengineeringpowerhouseMITandrankedfirstinthecountry.Thiswasnotjustawinforthosefourbutavictoryforeveryunderdogwithadream.21.A.academic B.relevant C.humbleD.professional22.A.space B.mechanics C.research D.ocean23、A.giant B.industrial C.underwater D.local24、A.advised B.forced C.challengedD.consulted25、ARelianton B.Availableto C.ShortofD.Desperatefor26、A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.However27、A.tied B.pieced C.added D.wrapped28、A.conquered B.created C.expressed D.battled29、A.perfect B.strange C.slight D.elegant30、A.With B.Given C.Despite D.Besides31、A.Unfortunately B.Basically C.ActuallyD.Consequently32、A.disagreement B.failure C.conflict D.progress33、A.scaled B.lowered C.inserted D.fed34、A.boring B.confusing C.wowingD.motivating35、A.bravery B.generosity C.confidenceD.perseverance2024市上海市楊浦區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.4WaystoGetThatVacationFeelinginTwoDaysGoingonvacationeveryweek?Itmightsoundlikethe____21____dream.Butasimplemindset____22____canmakeithappen—notravelinvolved.Afewyearsago,Holmesandhercolleaguesbegan____23____theimportanceoftakingvacations.Inaseriesofexperiments,Holmes’team____24____441U.S.workerstoeitherspendtheweekendlikeanyother,ortreatitlikeavacation.WhentheywerebackatworkonMonday,peoplewhohadadoptedavacationmindsetreportedbeinghappierandlessstressed.“Whatwassomewhatsurprisingisthattheeffectwasn’tdrivenbypeoplespendingtimeallthat____25____,”Holmessays.“Itwasthismindsetthatallowedthemtobemorepresent,____26____beingin“doing”mode,itallowedpeopletosettleinandbeinthemoment.Weaskedpeopletosharetheirfavoritetipsforadoptingavacationmindsetathome.1.Getcreativeabout____27____timeNoteveryonehasSaturdayandSundayoffworkandactuallysomepeopleoftenfindtheirweekendschedulesfully____28____.Youcouldstillapplythephilosophy.Forexample,devoteanhouronSundaymorningtothe____29____,butprotecttherestoftheweekendasyourvacationtime.2.ReflectonprioritiesFocusonwhatmakesavacationdifferentfroma_____30_____weekend.“Doesitmeanturningoffyouremailnotifications?Spendingmoneycarelessly?“Maybeitmeansbeingabletospendtimewithpeopleyoudon’tnormallygettosee,orgivingyourselfabreakonaworkout,”Holmessays.“It’shelpfultomakealistofthosethingsandbeableto_____31_____.”3.Actlikea_____32_____DecisionscientistNikaKabirirecommendsdoingsomethingtotallynewsoyoucandisconnectfromthesameoldroutines_____33_____yourlife.Amongherfavoriteideas:Drivetoapartoftownyou’veneverbeentobeforegoforastroll,andgrablunchatthefirstcutecaféyousee.“Thespontaneity（自發(fā)性）iswhatmakesexperienceslikethisfeelvacation-like,”Kabirisays.4.Don’tputextrapressureonyourselfTreatingyourweekendlikeavacationdoesn’tmeanitneedstobeacomplicatedaffair.Ifyour“vacation”encountersafewproblemsorlastsforonlyafewhours—don’tworry.“Itdoesn’thavetobeallornothing,”Kabirisays.“Don’tputpressureonyourselftohavethis‘perfectvacation.’”It’s_____34_____tobefun._____35_____,there’salwaysanotheronejustafewdaysaway.21.A.unattainable B.inharmonious C.incompleteD.unprofessional22.A.study B.shift C.trend D.proposal23.A.representing B.ranking C.exploringD.predicting24.A.persuaded B.challenged C.motivatedD.instructed25.A.practically B.literally C.identicallyD.differently26.A.Inlightof B.Regardlessof C.InfavorofD.Insteadof27.A.telling B.killing C.making D.changing28.A.cleared B.packed C.removedD.dominated29.A.laundry B.recreation C.movies D.picnic30.A.regular B.dramatic C.primitive D.peaceful31.A.identifywith B.dependon C.followthroughD.substitutefor32.A.resident B.master C.tourist D.neighbor33.A.facilitating B.governing C.revealingD.polishing34.A.proved B.defined C.described D.meant35.A.Plus B.Hence C.Still D.Finally2024屆上海市虹口區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.RestoringD.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligibleD.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impactD.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membershipD.movement54A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special答案2024屆上海市黃浦區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.A45.B46.B47.C48.D49.A50.A51.D52.A53.B54.B55.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了能說兩種語言，可以將癡呆癥發(fā)病時(shí)間推遲至多5年，由于這種潛在的好處，許多人試圖在成年后學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言。專家表示，經(jīng)常說多種語言可能特別有益?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從表面上看，他的退休愛好似乎有點(diǎn)隨意——我們家與法語國家沒有任何聯(lián)系——但他的動(dòng)機(jī)比對(duì)蛋糕的熱愛更深層次。A.affection喜愛；B.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；C.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；D.struggle努力。根據(jù)上文“MyfatherdecidedtostartlearningFrenchwhenhewas57.(我父親在57歲時(shí)決定開始學(xué)習(xí)法語)”可知，此處指父親學(xué)習(xí)法語的動(dòng)機(jī)比對(duì)蛋糕的熱愛更深層次。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的祖母在70歲出頭時(shí)出現(xiàn)了阿爾茨海默氏癥的跡象，研究表明，會(huì)說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將這種疾病的發(fā)病時(shí)間推遲至多5年。A.delay推遲；B.prevent阻止；C.signal示意；D.stimulate激勵(lì)。根據(jù)后文“benefit,manypeoplehaveattemptedtopickupanewlanguageinadulthood”可知，此處指研究表明，會(huì)說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將這種疾病的發(fā)病時(shí)間推遲至多5年。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這種潛在的好處，許多人試圖在成年后學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言。A.additional附加的；B.educational教育的；C.lasting持久的；D.potential潛在的。結(jié)合上文提到研究表明，會(huì)說雙語，也就是能說兩種語言，可以將癡呆癥的發(fā)病時(shí)間推遲至多5年，所以是潛在的好處，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：專家表示，經(jīng)常說多種語言可能特別有益。A.beneficial有益的；B.common共同的；C.impractical不明智的；D.rare罕見的。根據(jù)上文“Lotsofactivitiesarelinkedtobetterbrainhealthinoldage,likegettingmoreeducationwhenyou’reyoungerandphysicalactivity.(許多活動(dòng)都與老年時(shí)更好的大腦健康有關(guān)，比如年輕時(shí)接受更多的教育和體育鍛煉)”提到了許多活動(dòng)都與老年時(shí)更好的大腦健康有關(guān)，比如年輕時(shí)接受更多的教育和體育鍛煉，而專家表示經(jīng)常說多種語言可能特別有益。故選A。【45題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：西悉尼大學(xué)專門研究雙語的教授馬克·安東尼奧說：“我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ畹母鱾€(gè)方面都使用語言，所以雙語大腦一直在工作?！盇.carelessly馬虎地；B.constantly不斷地；C.creatively創(chuàng)造性地；D.delicately微妙地。根據(jù)上文“Weuselanguageinallaspectsofdailylife,soabilingualbrainis”指會(huì)說雙語的大腦一直在工作。故選B。【46題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你學(xué)習(xí)另一門語言的年齡似乎沒有你說這門語言的頻率重要。A.long長地；B.often經(jīng)常；C.soon很快；D.well好地。根據(jù)上文“regularlyspeaking”可知，學(xué)習(xí)另一門語言的年齡似乎沒有你說這門語言的頻率重要。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：認(rèn)知上的好處是必須限制你的母語，如果你試圖用另一種語言回憶正確的單詞，你的大腦就會(huì)被迫這樣做。A.command命令；B.practice練習(xí)；C.restrict限制；D.spread傳播。根據(jù)后文“yourmothertongue,whichyourbrainisforcedtodoifyou’retryingtorecalltherightwordsinanotherlanguage”可知，如果你試圖用另一種語言回憶正確的單詞，你的大腦就會(huì)被迫限制說你的母語。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以如果經(jīng)常使用第二語言，你就會(huì)得到認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練。A.function功能；B.psychology心理學(xué)；C.system系統(tǒng)；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)上文“ifthesecondlanguageisusedalot,you’regettingthatcognitive”可知，如果經(jīng)常使用第二語言，你就會(huì)得到認(rèn)知訓(xùn)練。故選D。【49題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從理論上講，通過改善這些類型的過程，大腦會(huì)變得更強(qiáng)大，以抵御癡呆癥等疾病造成的損害。A.damages破壞；B.operations運(yùn)作；C.pains痛苦；D.signs跡象。根據(jù)后文“causedbydiseaseslikedementia”指癡呆癥等疾病造成的損害。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種想法認(rèn)為，你的精神力量越強(qiáng)大，即使你的大腦健康狀況開始下降，你也能正常工作的時(shí)間越長。A.decline下降；B.improve改善；C.matter重要；D.restore恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“Thestrongeryourmentalpower,thethinkinggoes,thelongeryoucanfunctionnormally,evenifyourbrainhealthstartsto”中evenif表示讓步，可知你的精神力量越強(qiáng)大，即使你的大腦健康狀況開始下降，你也能正常工作的時(shí)間越長。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，對(duì)于60多歲的人來說，將學(xué)習(xí)第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據(jù)并不明顯。A.available可用的；B.mounting上升的；C.stronger更強(qiáng)壯的；D.weaker較弱的。根據(jù)后文“ResearchbyDr.AntoniouandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileChineseadults60andupimprovedoncognitiontestsafterasix-monthlanguagelearningprogram,peoplewhoplayedgameslikeSudokudidaswell.(安東尼奧博士及其同事的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然60歲及以上的中國成年人在接受了六個(gè)月的語言學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目后，在認(rèn)知測(cè)試中有所提高，但玩數(shù)獨(dú)等游戲的人也有同樣的表現(xiàn))”可知，研究表明對(duì)于60多歲的人來說，將學(xué)習(xí)第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據(jù)并不明顯。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的兩項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，參加語言學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目后，人們的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)幾乎沒有什么不同。A.difference差異；B.involvement參與；C.point要點(diǎn)；D.reduction減少。上文提到對(duì)于60多歲的人來說，將學(xué)習(xí)第二語言作為一種愛好有好處的證據(jù)并不明顯，即人們的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)幾乎沒有什么不同。故選A。【53題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：進(jìn)行這些研究的科學(xué)家提供了一些可能的解釋。A.applications應(yīng)用；B.explanations解釋；C.findings發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.suggestions建議。后文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一個(gè)原因是語言干預(yù)可能太短了)”主要給出了這一現(xiàn)象的兩種解釋。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一是參與者都是非常積極的志愿者，他們的表現(xiàn)可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了同齡人的最高水平，因此很難看到任何改善。A.diversities多樣性；B.improvements改善；C.outcomes結(jié)果；D.possibilities可能性。根據(jù)上文“theparticipantswerehighlymotivatedvolunteers,whomayhavealreadybeenatpeakperformancefortheirage”可知，參與者都是非常積極的志愿者，他們的表現(xiàn)可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了同齡人的最高水平，因此很難看到任何改善。故選B。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：調(diào)查這個(gè)問題的少數(shù)研究使用了在長度和頻率上都大不相同的語言課程。A.content內(nèi)容；B.intention意圖；C.length長度；D.requirement要求。根據(jù)上文“Anotheristhatthelanguageinterventionswereperhapstooshort.(另一個(gè)原因是語言干預(yù)可能太短了)”可知，此處指使用在長度和頻率上都大不相同的語言課程。故選C。2024屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.A45.A46.C47.B48.D49.A50.B51.D52.A53.A54.B55.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要闡述研究人員通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然已經(jīng)記錄了許多人類造成的鳥類滅絕，但是真實(shí)數(shù)字要大得多，許多物種在有文字記載之前就已經(jīng)滅絕了，其中絕大多數(shù)是直接或間接由人類活動(dòng)而造成的，而且這些鳥類的滅絕也造成了其他依賴其生存的物種的滅絕?！?1題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：結(jié)果，大多數(shù)鳥類消失了。A.Tosomeextent在某種程度上；B.Onaverage平均；C.Asaresult因此，結(jié)果；D.Inshort簡言之。上文“butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”與空后“mostofthebirdspeciesdisappeared”為因果關(guān)系，Asaresult“因此”符合語境。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然自16世紀(jì)以來許多鳥類的死亡被記錄下來，但我們對(duì)這之前物種命運(yùn)的了解依賴于化石，而且這些記錄是有限的，因?yàn)轼B類的輕質(zhì)骨骼隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)分解。A.confirmed確認(rèn)；B.recorded記錄；C.concealed隱藏；D.discussed討論。根據(jù)下文“manyspeciesbecameextinctbeforewrittenrecordsandleftno___9___,lostfromhistory”可知，以前物種的滅絕沒有文字記錄，直到16世紀(jì)以來才有許多鳥類死亡被記錄下來。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然自16世紀(jì)以來有許多鳥類死亡的記錄，但我們對(duì)這之前物種命運(yùn)的了解依賴于化石，而且這些記錄是有限的，因?yàn)轼B類的輕質(zhì)骨骼隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)分解。A.distracted使分心，使轉(zhuǎn)移注意力；B.disposed處理，配置，使適應(yīng)；C.dismissed不予理會(huì)，解散；D.disintegrated使分解，使碎裂。根據(jù)空前“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimited”以及常識(shí)可知，鳥類的輕質(zhì)骨骼隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)被分解，因此，化石留下的信息也是很有限的。故選D。【44題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這掩蓋了全球物種滅絕的真實(shí)程度。A.extent程度；B.context上下文，語境；C.outcome結(jié)果；D.influence影響。由上文“ourknowledgeofthefateofspeciesbeforethisreliesonfossils(化石),andtheserecordsarelimitedbecausebirds’lightweightbonesare___3___overtime”可知，有限的記錄以及容易分解的鳥類骨骼讓人們無法真實(shí)地了解全球物種滅絕的程度。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：研究人員現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，自大約13萬年前以來，1430種鳥類——近12%——在現(xiàn)代人類歷史上已經(jīng)滅絕，其中絕大多數(shù)是直接或間接由于人類活動(dòng)而滅絕的。A.dueto由于；B.otherthan除了；C.insteadof而不是；D.inspiteof盡管。根據(jù)空前“thevastmajorityofthembecomingextinctdirectlyorindirectly”以及空后“humanactivity”可知，絕大多數(shù)鳥類滅絕是直接或間接地由于人類活動(dòng)而導(dǎo)致的，闡述物種滅絕的原因。故選A。【46題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)由英國生態(tài)與水文中心（UKCEH）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并發(fā)表在《自然通訊》上的研究使用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型來估計(jì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的鳥類滅絕。A.declare宣布；B.illustrate說明，闡明；C.estimate估計(jì)；D.emphasize

強(qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)空前“usedstatisticalmodelling”以及下文“Ourstudydemonstratestherehasbeenafarhigher___7___impactondiversitythanpreviouslyrecognized.”可知，這項(xiàng)研究運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)模型對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的鳥類滅絕情況進(jìn)行估計(jì)。故選C。【47題詳解】考查名詞/形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的研究表明，人類對(duì)生物多樣性的影響遠(yuǎn)比我們之前認(rèn)識(shí)到的要大得多。A.climate氣候；B.human人（類），人（類）的；C.environmental環(huán)保的；D.natural天然的，自然的。根據(jù)下文“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation,andtheintroductionofrats,pigs,anddogs,whichattackedthebirds’nests”可知，此處指人類活動(dòng)對(duì)生物多樣性的影響。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人類通過棲息地的喪失、過度開發(fā)以及老鼠、豬和狗的引入，迅速摧毀了鳥類的數(shù)量，這些老鼠、豬和狗攻擊了鳥類的巢穴，并與鳥類爭奪食物。A.connected連接；B.coped處理；C.lived

居住，活著；D.competed競(jìng)爭。根據(jù)空后“withbirdsforfood”可知，老鼠、豬、狗和鳥類爭奪食物。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們展示了許多物種在文字記錄之前就滅絕了，沒有留下任何痕跡，從歷史中消失了。A.trace遺跡，蹤跡；B.route路線；C.change改變，變化；D.proposal提議。根據(jù)空后“l(fā)ostfromhistory”可知，許多物種在有文字記載之前就已滅絕，從歷史中沒有留下痕跡。故選A。【50題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：世界可能不僅失去了許多迷人的鳥類，而且失去了它們各種各樣的生態(tài)作用，其中可能包括授粉等關(guān)鍵功能。A.interactive互動(dòng)的，交互的；B.ecological生態(tài)的；C.productive多產(chǎn)的；D.social社會(huì)的，社交的。根據(jù)空后的“whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉)”可知，此處指的是失去生態(tài)功能。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：這將對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)，因此，除了鳥類滅絕外，我們還將失去許多依賴這些物種生存的動(dòng)植物。A.intermsof就……而言；B.becauseof因?yàn)?；C.exceptfor除了；D.inadditionto除……以外（還）。根據(jù)空前“Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”以及空后“birdextinctions,wewillhavelostalotofplantsandanimalsthat____12____thesespeciesforsurvival.”可知，一些鳥類的滅絕帶來了連鎖反應(yīng)，還造成其他依賴這些鳥類的物種的滅絕，即除了這些鳥類滅絕外，還帶來其他物種的滅絕。故選D。【52題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這將對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)，因此，除了鳥類滅絕外，我們還將失去許多依賴這些物種生存的動(dòng)植物。A.dependon依賴，取決于；B.interactwith與……互動(dòng)；C.fightagainst與……作斗爭；D.stayaway遠(yuǎn)離。根據(jù)上文“Theworldmaynotonlyhavelostmanyfascinatingbirdsbutalsotheirvaried____10____roles,whicharelikelytohaveincludedkeyfunctionssuchaspollination(授粉).Thiswillhavehadknock-oneffectsonecosystems”可知，一些鳥類的滅絕，使它們的一些重要生態(tài)功能比如授粉功能喪失，造成其他依賴這些鳥類而生存繁衍的動(dòng)植物也滅絕。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：觀察和化石顯示，640種鳥類已經(jīng)滅絕，其中90%是在有人居住的島嶼上滅絕的。A.inhabited居??；B.removed去掉，移開；C.developed發(fā)展；D.killed殺死。根據(jù)上文“Manyoftheworld’sislandswerepreviouslyunexploredplaces,butovertime,peoplehavecometotheseplaceswithfar-reachingeffects,includingdeforestation,over-huntingandtheintroductionofinvasivespecies”以及“Humansquicklydestroyedbirdpopulationsthroughhabitatloss,over-exploitation”可知，人類造成鳥類棲息地的喪失，過度狩獵等活動(dòng)直接或間接造成許多鳥類的滅絕，由此推斷，眾多鳥類的滅絕是在有人類居住的島嶼上發(fā)生的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些鳥類包括從毛里求斯標(biāo)志性的渡渡鳥到北大西洋的大海雀，再到不太知名的圣赫勒拿巨型渡渡鳥。A.result(因……)發(fā)生；B.range包括……之間的各類事物，變化；C.suffer遭受；D.date注明日期，確定年代。根據(jù)上文以及空后“fromtheiconic(標(biāo)志性的)DodoofMauritiustotheGreatAukoftheNorthAtlantictothelesser-knownSaintHelenaGiantHoopoe”可知，此處列舉了有人類居住的島上滅絕的一些鳥類，rangefrom…to“包括（從……到……）之間的各類事物”符合語境。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，從保護(hù)物種多樣性的角度來看，保護(hù)鳥類是人類迫切需要解決的問題。A.origin起源；B.project項(xiàng)目，計(jì)劃；C.growth生長；D.diversity多樣性。根據(jù)上文“Buttheresearchersestimatetherehavebeenfurther790unknownextinctions,meaningatotalof1,430lostspecies—leavingjustunder11,000today.”可知，有眾多的物種消失，結(jié)合上文所闡述的一些鳥類滅絕所造成的連鎖反應(yīng)可知，保護(hù)鳥類能夠保護(hù)物種的多樣性。故選D。2024屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了四個(gè)來自貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)生參加水下機(jī)器人比賽并獲勝的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些男孩出身卑微，經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被忽視和低估。A.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；B.relevant相關(guān)的；C.humble卑微的；D.professional專業(yè)的。根據(jù)上文“Inab