2024屆廣東省廣州市高三一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試題（解析版）

年廣州市普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測(cè)試(一)英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、試室號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。并在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上填涂考生號(hào)。因筆試不考聽(tīng)力，試卷從第二部分開(kāi)始，試題序號(hào)從“21”開(kāi)始。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyoureadytounlockyourfullcareerpotential?Explorethedetailsofeachcoursebelowtofindyourrightfit.EliteOnlineWhetheryou’reexploringwhattodonextoryou’vealreadyidentifiedarole,thiscourseisstructuredtohelpyoutakepracticalstepstowardyourcareer.Itusesadesignthinkingapproachtohelppeopleofanyageandacademicbackground.Itconsistsof5career-orientedconcepts,explainedthroughvideos,personalreflections,andexercises.7weeks:2-4hoursperweek;self-pacedAUXThecourseprovidesskilldevelopmentforgraduatesastheypreparefortheirnextcareerstep.Participantswillbuildskillstopromoteleadership,runateam,manageprojects,applyteachingskillsbeyondtheclassroom,developstrategiccommunicationskillsandpreparesuccessfuljobapplicationmaterials.·7weeks:2-5hoursperweek;instructor-ledonacoursescheduleBerkUXThiscourseprovidestipsandstrategiesforlaunchingasuccessfulmusiccareerasanartist.Itcoversdevelopingyouridentity,leadingaband,planningandrecordingyourfirstindependentrecord,buildingabrand,developingbusinesspartnerships,andunderstandingthebusinesssideofmusicproduction.·4weeks:2-5hoursperweek;self-pacedUXOnlineInthiscourse,youwillfocusonthepathwaystoInternetsecuritycareersuccess.Youwilldetermineyourownincomingskills,talent,anddeepintereststoapplytowardameaningfulexplorationof32DigitalPathwaysofCybersecurity.Youwillcompleteaself-assessmenttodeterminetheessentialnextsteps.·6weeks:2-4hoursperweek;self-paced1.WhatisanadvantageofEliteOnline?A.Itprovidesdownloadablevideos. B.Itoffersthelongestlearninghours.C.Itfocusesontrainingsofdesignthinking. D.Itrequiresnospecificacademicbackground.2.WhatdoAUXandBerkUXhaveincommon?A.Theyallowaflexiblelearningpace. B.Theyaimatspecificprofessions.C.Theydevelopmanagementskills. D.Theyassesscareerpotentials.3.WhichprofessionareparticipantsinUXOnlinemostlikelytopursue?A.Networkengineering. B.Onlineteaching.C.Careerconsulting. D.Digitalmarketing.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四門課程的情況。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EliteOnline部分中“Itusesadesignthinkingapproachtohelppeopleofanyageandacademicbackground.(它使用設(shè)計(jì)思維方法來(lái)幫助任何年齡和學(xué)術(shù)背景的人)”可知，EliteOnline的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它不需要特定的學(xué)術(shù)背景。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AUX部分中“Participantswillbuildskillstopromoteleadership,runateam,manageprojects,applyteachingskillsbeyondtheclassroom,developstrategiccommunicationskillsandpreparesuccessfuljobapplicationmaterials.(學(xué)員將學(xué)習(xí)提升領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、管理團(tuán)隊(duì)、管理項(xiàng)目、在課堂之外運(yùn)用教學(xué)技能、發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略溝通技巧以及準(zhǔn)備成功的求職材料等技能)”以及BerkUX部分中“Itcoversdevelopingyouridentity,leadingaband,planningandrecordingyourfirstindependentrecord,buildingabrand,developingbusinesspartnerships,andunderstandingthebusinesssideofmusicproduction.(它涵蓋了發(fā)展你的身份，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)，計(jì)劃和錄制你的第一張獨(dú)立唱片，建立一個(gè)品牌，發(fā)展商業(yè)伙伴關(guān)系，以及理解音樂(lè)制作的商業(yè)方面)”可知，AUX和BerkUX的共同之處是都發(fā)展管理技能。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UXOnline部分中“Inthiscourse,youwillfocusonthepathwaystoInternetsecuritycareersuccess.Youwilldetermineyourownincomingskills,talent,anddeepintereststoapplytowardameaningfulexplorationof32DigitalPathwaysofCybersecurity.(在本課程中，您將專注于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全職業(yè)成功的途徑。您將決定自己未來(lái)的技能、才能和興趣，以申請(qǐng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的32條數(shù)字途徑進(jìn)行有意義的探索)”可知，UXOnline的參與者最有可能從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程。故選A。BLastsummeratabookstore,mysonHenrywasfascinatedbythecoverofthefirstnovelfromPeterBrown’smiddle-gradetrilogy(三部曲).Hethenfinisheditinjusttwodays.“Dad,whydidTheWildRobothavetobesosad?”Hetearfullyaskedme.Thestoryissetonaremoteisland,wherearobotnamedRozlearnstosurviveandcommunicatewiththeisland’screatures,andbecomespartofthecommunity.Formyson,itwasthefirstbookhediscoveredonhisown;thefirsttoimpacthimwiththemixoftragedy(悲劇)andjoy.WhenIfinishedthebook,IknewwhyHenrylovedit.Inourbookclubdiscussion,hedescribedhowBrown’spicturesandwordshadmadethestoryfeelreal.Whentalkingaboutitsfinalscenes,whereRozleavestofindrepairsforherinjuredbody,Henrycriedagain.Hispreviousreadingexperienceshadcheerful,“happily-ever-after”endings,butthisbookintroducedhimtothebeautyofcomplexemotions.Itriedtoexplainhowsadnesscanenhancethemeaningofhappymoments,butfailedtofullyconvincehim.Onceourdiscussionended,HenryrequestedtobuyTheWildRobotEscapesandinstantlyfellinlovewithit.Hereadthefirsttwobooksrepeatedly,soyoucanimaginehisexcitementwhenwefinallygotacopyofTheWildRobotProtects.Webothagreeitisworththewait.Rozleavestheislandagaintostopanunderwaterthreat:“thepoisontide.”Brownexpertlybalancesbetweenbreathtakingadventureandunsettlingideas-notjusthappinessandsadness,butalso,giventheclimate-changeundercurrents,hopeanddespair.And,here’ssomethingspecialaboutRoz:herphysicalclumsinessandconfusionaboutlife,conveyedthroughherexpressiveeyesanddownturnedmouth.Herstoryreflectsthechallengesofsurvivinginastrangeplace,muchlikeachild’sjourney.ReadersloveRoz.Theylearnfromher.Evenbetter,theylearnalongsideher.RozgaveHenrythepowertopushthroughthefirstbook’ssadparts,gettinghimreadytoappreciatethat,sometimes,sadnessisn’tabadthingtofeel.4.WhatdrovetheauthortoreadTheWildRobot?A.Itstragicending. B.Henry’stearfulrecommendation.C.Itsattractivecover. D.Henry’semotionalresponsetoit.5.WhatisonethemeofTheWildRobolProtects?A.Familyandcommunity. B.Concernsofglobalissues.C.Explorationoftheocean. D.Man-robotrelationship.6.WhatmakesRozinthetrilogyspecial?AHerchildlikeexpressions. B.Herroboticpower.C.Herstrugglingexperiences. D.Heradventurousspirit.7.Whichmessagedoesthistextseemtocommunicate?A.Misfortuneinspiresgreatliteraryworks. B.Robotstoriesworklikemagiconchildren.C.Bookdiscussionshelpkidssurvivetragedies. D.Readingliteraturefacilitatespersonalgrowth.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的兒子閱讀了《荒島機(jī)器人》后，被故事內(nèi)容所打動(dòng)。于是作者也閱讀了這本書(shū)，并感悟到悲傷如何能增強(qiáng)快樂(lè)時(shí)刻的意義以及悲傷也可以讓人成長(zhǎng)。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Dad,whydidTheWildRobothavetobesosad?”Hetearfullyaskedme.(“爸爸，為什么《荒島機(jī)器人》讀起來(lái)這么悲傷？”他含淚問(wèn)我)”以及第三段“WhenIfinishedthebook,IknewwhyHenrylovedit.(當(dāng)我讀完這本書(shū)的時(shí)候，我知道亨利為什么喜歡它了)”可知，亨利對(duì)此的情緒反應(yīng)促使作者閱讀《野機(jī)器人》。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Brownexpertlybalancesbetweenbreathtakingadventureandunsettlingideas-notjusthappinessandsadness,butalso,giventheclimate-changeundercurrents,hopeanddespair.(布朗熟練地在驚險(xiǎn)的冒險(xiǎn)和令人不安的想法之間取得平衡——不僅是快樂(lè)和悲傷，而且考慮到氣候變化的暗流，還有希望和絕望。)”可知，《荒島機(jī)器人》的主題是對(duì)全球問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Herstoryreflectsthechallengesofsurvivinginastrangeplace,muchlikeachild’sjourney.(她的故事反映了在一個(gè)陌生的地方生存的挑戰(zhàn)，就像一個(gè)孩子的旅程)”可知，三部曲中的羅茲特別之處在于她的奮斗經(jīng)歷。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“RozgaveHenrythepowertopushthroughthefirstbook’ssadparts,gettinghimreadytoappreciatethat,sometimes,sadnessisn’tabadthingtofeel.(羅茲給了亨利讀完第一本書(shū)悲傷部分的力量，讓他準(zhǔn)備好去欣賞，有時(shí)候，悲傷并不是一件壞事)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者的兒子閱讀了一本書(shū)《荒島機(jī)器人》后，被故事內(nèi)容所打動(dòng)。于是作者也閱讀了這本書(shū)，并感悟到悲傷如何能增強(qiáng)快樂(lè)時(shí)刻的意義以及悲傷也可以讓人成長(zhǎng)?？赏浦@篇文章想表達(dá)的是閱讀文學(xué)作品有助于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。故選D。CWhenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.Dolphinsareintelligentanimalsthatliveandhuntingroups.Theycommunicateinauniqueway:everyindividualproducesitsownsignaturesoundthatactsmuchlikeanIDcard,usuallybyitsfirstbirthday.Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolvethismystery,researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphins,make.Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignaturesound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhentheirbabieswerenotnearby.Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.Sincedolphinbabiesoftenspendsomeyearswiththeirmothersbeforelivingontheirown,itmakessensethatthisadaptationwouldhelpthemlearntocommunicate.Attheveryleast,thehigher-pitchedwhistlelikelygetsthebabies’attention.“It’simportantforababytoknow,’Oh,Mum’stalkingtomenow,’”saysmarinebiologistJuneMann.Thiskindofresearchcouldhelpusunderstandhowlanguagedevelopedinhumans.“Itisabsolutelyessentialtohavebasicknowledgeaboutotherspeciesandhowtheycommunicate,”saysMann.“Iwouldbereallyinterestedtoseewhetherdolphinsalsochangetheirsoundswheninteractingwithbabiesofothers,whichiswhathappensinhumans.”8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thismystery”refertoinparagraph2?A.Whydolphinsliveandplayingroups.B.Howdolphinsdeveloptheiruniquesounds.C.Whataspectsofintelligencedolphinspossess.D.Whetherdolphinscanuseparenteselikehumans.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins’soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.10.Whatisasuggestedreasonwhydolphinmothersuseparentesewiththeiryoung?A.Tohelpthemlearntotalk. B.Toteachthemhuntingskills.C.Toexpressworryandcare. D.Todistracttheirattention.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparetheparenteseofhumansanddolphins.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdolphinintelligence.C.Tosharenewfindingsaboutdolphincommunication.D.Tohighlightthevalueofstudyingdolphins’language.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了海豚媽媽通過(guò)教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來(lái)教會(huì)幼崽說(shuō)話。文章解釋了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及研究的意義。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolve”以及后文“researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphins,make.”可知，海豚發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音與聽(tīng)到海豚媽媽的聲音有關(guān)，所以為了解“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”這個(gè)謎團(tuán)，研究人員檢查了海豚媽媽發(fā)出的聲音。故劃線詞指的是“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.(科學(xué)家們研究了19只雌性寬吻海豚34年來(lái)的聲音記錄)”可知，研究人員通過(guò)分析母海豚的聲音特征對(duì)海豚進(jìn)行研究。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，利用這些變化，海豚媽媽幫助它們的孩子學(xué)習(xí)如何自己發(fā)出這些叫聲)”可知，海豚媽媽對(duì)幼崽使用父母語(yǔ)的原因是幫助他們學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.(當(dāng)成年人遇到嬰兒時(shí)，許多人會(huì)情不自禁地用一種高亢的歌聲說(shuō)話。這種被稱為“父母性”的轉(zhuǎn)變并不是人類獨(dú)有的，猴子和大猩猩等動(dòng)物也有這種現(xiàn)象?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們又增加了一個(gè)物種：寬吻海豚)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了海豚媽媽通過(guò)教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來(lái)教會(huì)幼崽說(shuō)話。文章解釋了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及研究的意義?？芍?，文章的目的是分享海豚交流的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。DThere’saclassicshortstoryinwhichayoungmantravelsyearsaheadandmeetshisfutureself.Narrativeslikethishavealwaysbeenrelatedtosciencefiction.Butwhatifyoucouldmeetyourfutureself?I’mapsychologistandprofessor.Myresearchoverthepast15yearsisn’tfarfromthistheme.I’velargelyfocusedonhowpeoplethinkaboutandrelatetotheirfutureselves,andexploredthereasonswhywehavesuchahardtimemakinglong-termdecisions.Inmyresearch,I’velearntthatweoftenimagineourfutureselveslikestrangers,whichcanimpedeusinmakinglong-termchoices.Onewaytobridgetheemotionalgapistothinkoffutureselvesinmoreconcreteandvividways,likewritingletterstoandfromone’sfutureself,whichcanstrengthentheconnectionbetweencurrentandfutureselves.Admittedly,havingpeopleengageinanimaginedconversationisafarcryfromactuallymeetingone’sfutureself.Butit’sbelievedthatfarricherinteractionsmayhappeninthenearfuturethroughartificialintelligence(AI).Itwouldn’tbepredictingexactlywhatchoicesyou’dmake.It’dbemoreaboutshowingyourpotential,basedonthelivesofpeoplesimilartoyou:notjustonepossiblelifeforyou,butrather,themostpossiblelifepathforyou.Suchinteractionscouldoffervaluableinsightsintoourpotentialfutureselves.So,toreturntomyoriginalquestion:ifyoucouldtime-traveltomeetyourfutureself,whataspectsofyourlifewouldyouwanttoknowmoreabout?Irealized,throughthoroughreflections,thatthemostpowerfulquestionswouldbeonesthathelpedmemakebetterchoicestoday—questionsexploringpersonalgrowth,regretsandunfulfilledactions.Actually,youdon’tneedtowaitfortimetraveloradvancedAIforanswersthatyoucanacton.Throughmyresearch,I’velearntthatsimplytakingabitoftimetopicturethismeetingcanhelpyoumakebetterchoicesnow.Allyouneedisalittleimagination,andthewillingnesstoputyourselfintheshoesofapersonyoucurrentlytreatasastranger.12.Whyisitdifficultforpeopletomakelong-termdecisionsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Technologyfortimetravelisnotavailable.B.Strangerscannothelpwithdecision-making.C.Writingletterstoone’sfutureselfisimpractical.D.Peoplefindithardtoconnectwiththeirdistantselves.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“afarcryfrom”meaninparagraph3?A.contradictoryto B.verydifferentfromC.notasconvenientas D.lesspopularthan14.Whichquestionwouldtheauthormostlikelyaskhisfutureself?A.Whyhasn’tmyhardworkeverpaidoff?B.WhatcanAIdotohelppeoplebecomebetterpersons?C.Ifgiventhechance,whatwouldyouhavedonedifferently?D.HowcanIsucceedwithoutgoingthroughallthedifficultiesinlife?15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Timetravel:Whatifyoumetyourfutureself?B.Myresearch:Howdopeopleviewtheirfutureselves?C.Emotionalgap:Whycan’twetalkwithourfutureselves?D.Artificialintelligence:Isitpossibletomeetyourfutureself?【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了人們很難做出長(zhǎng)期的決定因?yàn)槿藗儼l(fā)現(xiàn)很難與遙遠(yuǎn)的自己聯(lián)系起來(lái)，指出讓人們參與想象中的對(duì)話與真正見(jiàn)到未來(lái)的自己相去甚遠(yuǎn)。建議人們花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間想象一下這次會(huì)面，就能幫助你現(xiàn)在做出更好的選擇?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“I’velargelyfocusedonhowpeoplethinkaboutandrelatetotheirfutureselves,andexploredthereasonswhywehavesuchahardtimemakinglong-termdecisions.Inmyresearch,I’velearntthatweoftenimagineourfutureselveslikestrangers,whichcanimpedeusinmakinglong-termchoices.(我主要關(guān)注的是人們?nèi)绾嗡伎己吐?lián)系他們未來(lái)的自己，并探討了我們很難做出長(zhǎng)期決定的原因。在我的研究中，我了解到我們經(jīng)常把未來(lái)的自己想象成陌生人，這可能會(huì)阻礙我們做出長(zhǎng)期的選擇)”可知，人們很難做出長(zhǎng)期的決定因?yàn)槿藗儼l(fā)現(xiàn)很難與遙遠(yuǎn)的自己聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Inmyresearch,I’velearntthatweoftenimagineourfutureselveslikestrangers,whichcanimpedeusinmakinglong-termchoices.(在我的研究中，我了解到我們經(jīng)常把未來(lái)的自己想象成陌生人，這可能會(huì)阻礙我們做出長(zhǎng)期的選擇)”；劃線詞上文“havingpeopleengageinanimaginedconversation”以及后文“actuallymeetingone’sfutureself”可知，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與遙遠(yuǎn)的自己聯(lián)系起來(lái)，即讓人們參與想象中的對(duì)話與真正見(jiàn)到未來(lái)的自己是非常不同的情況。故劃線詞意思是“與……非常不同”，故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Irealized,throughthoroughreflections,thatthemostpowerfulquestionswouldbeonesthathelpedmemakebetterchoicestoday—questionsexploringpersonalgrowth,regretsandunfulfilledactions.(經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮，我意識(shí)到，最有影響力的問(wèn)題應(yīng)該是那些幫助我今天做出更好選擇的問(wèn)題——那些探討個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)、遺憾和未實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為的問(wèn)題)”可知，作者最有可能問(wèn)未來(lái)的自己：如果有機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)做些什么不同的事？故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“There’saclassicshortstoryinwhichayoungmantravelsyearsaheadandmeetshisfutureself.Narrativeslikethishavealwaysbeenrelatedtosciencefiction.Butwhatifyoucouldmeetyourfutureself?(有一個(gè)經(jīng)典的短篇故事，講的是一個(gè)年輕人在多年前旅行，遇到了未來(lái)的自己。這樣的敘事總是與科幻小說(shuō)有關(guān)。但如果你能見(jiàn)到未來(lái)的自己呢？)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了人們很難做出長(zhǎng)期的決定因?yàn)槿藗儼l(fā)現(xiàn)很難與遙遠(yuǎn)的自己聯(lián)系起來(lái)，指出讓人們參與想象中的對(duì)話與真正見(jiàn)到未來(lái)的自己相去甚遠(yuǎn)。建議人們花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間想象一下這次會(huì)面，就能幫助你現(xiàn)在做出更好的選擇?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)間旅行：如果你遇到了未來(lái)的自己該怎么辦？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PhysicistandNobelPrizewinnerRichardFeynmandevelopedacleverlearningmethodknownastheFeynmanTechnique.Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Byteachingwhatyou’velearnedfrommemory,youengageinactiverecall.____16____Italsoensuresthatyouunderstandthetopic,becauseyoucanonlyexplainanideaifyoutrulyunderstandit.Thetechniqueconsistsoffourrepeatablesteps.Tobegin,chooseaconceptortopicyouwishtofullyunderstand.___17___Themoreinterestedyouare,thefasteryou’llgraspit.Moreover,apersonallyinterestingtopicwillkeepyoumotivatedandengaged.___18___Writenotesandexplainitinawaythatmakessensetoafive-year-old.Ifyou’dratheravoidactuallyteachingsomeone,youcanjustteachittoanimaginaryaudience.Butitworksmuchbetterifyouusearealperson.They’llbeabletoletyouknowwhensomethingisn’tclear.Whileteachingyoumaydiscovergapsinyourunderstanding.____19____Reviewyournotes,rereadbooks,orseekexternalhelptoensureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingofthecontextbeforemovingforward.Nowthatyoufullygrasptheconcept,testyourunderstandingbytryingtoteachittoanotherperson.Thiswillhelpyouidentifyanyremainingareasofuncertaintyyouneedtorevisit.TheFeynmanTechniqueisagreatwayforkidsandgrown-upstolearn.____20____Youneedtoactivelythinkabouttheprobleminsteadofpassivelyreadingorlisteningtosomeoneelse.However,withgreateffortsinmasteringthismethod,you’llseeyourlearningresultsimprovequickerthaneverbefore.A.Itismentallydemanding.B.Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.C.Teachittoafive-year-old,whowouldgiveyoudirectfeedback.D.Yourcuriosityaboutitwilldeterminethepaceofyourlearning.E.Onceyouhavechosenatopic,youcanteachittosomeoneelse.F.Activeengagementplaysakeyroleinpromotingdeeperlearning.G.Whenthishappens,referbacktotheoriginalmaterialforthemissingpieces.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主理查德·費(fèi)曼發(fā)明的被稱為費(fèi)曼技巧的一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法。【16題詳解】由上文“PhysicistandNobelPrizewinnerRichardFeynmandevelopedacleverlearningmethodknownastheFeynmanTechnique.Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Byteachingwhatyou’velearnedfrommemory,youengageinactiverecall.(物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主理查德·費(fèi)曼發(fā)明了一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法，被稱為費(fèi)曼技巧。它包括向別人解釋你正在學(xué)習(xí)的東西。通過(guò)教授你從記憶中學(xué)到的東西，你參與了主動(dòng)回憶。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“這種學(xué)習(xí)方法的好處”有關(guān)的話題，故B選項(xiàng)“Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.(這有助于信息更好地留在你的腦海中。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B?！?7題詳解】由下文“Themoreinterestedyouare,thefasteryou’llgraspit.Moreover,apersonallyinterestingtopicwillkeepyoumotivatedandengaged.(你越感興趣，就能越快地掌握它。此外，一個(gè)個(gè)人感興趣的話題會(huì)讓你保持動(dòng)力和投入。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“感興趣和學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“Yourcuriosityaboutitwilldeterminethepaceofyourlearning.(你對(duì)它的好奇心將決定你的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選D。【18題詳解】由下文“Writenotesandexplainitinawaythatmakessensetoafive-year-old.Ifyou’dratheravoidactuallyteachingsomeone,youcanjustteachittoanimaginaryaudience.Butitworksmuchbetterifyouusearealperson.They’llbeabletoletyouknowwhensomethingisn’tclear.(寫筆記，用五歲小孩能理解的方式解釋。如果你不想真的教別人，你可以把它交給一個(gè)想象中的聽(tīng)眾。但如果你用真人的話效果會(huì)更好。如果有什么不清楚的地方，他們會(huì)讓你知道。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“寫筆記”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項(xiàng)“Onceyouhavechosenatopic,youcanteachittosomeoneelse.(一旦你選擇了一個(gè)主題，你就可以把它教給其他人。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E。【19題詳解】由上文“Whileteachingyoumaydiscovergapsinyourunderstanding.(在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己理解上的差距。)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“出現(xiàn)這種情況的解決辦法”有關(guān)的話題，由后文“Reviewyournotes,rereadbooks,orseekexternalhelptoensureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingofthecontextbeforemovingforward.(回顧你的筆記，重新閱讀書(shū)籍，或者尋求外部幫助，以確保你在繼續(xù)之前對(duì)上下文有一個(gè)完整的理解。)”可知，出現(xiàn)這種情況的解決辦法是回顧筆記，故G選項(xiàng)“Whenthishappens,referbacktotheoriginalmaterialforthemissingpieces.(當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，請(qǐng)回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選G。【20題詳解】由下文“Youneedtoactivelythinkabouttheprobleminsteadofpassivelyreadingorlisteningtosomeoneelse.(你需要積極地思考問(wèn)題，而不是被動(dòng)地閱讀或聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)話。)”可知，積極地思考問(wèn)題對(duì)精神要求很高，故A選項(xiàng)“Itismentallydemanding.(這對(duì)精神要求很高。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasheadinghomeaftergivingmycolleaguealift.Itooka___21___asthesnowstormwasapproaching.Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown___22___.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.Thewindowswere___23___andgettingcoveredwithsnow,soIsloweddownandrolleddownmydriver'ssidewindow,thinkingIcouldbetter___24___theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline.Butreally,Ihadno___25___whereIwas.Istoppedandkeptthecarrunningtostay___26___.Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.Thecallleftmein___27___.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Anideaoccurredtome.I___28___mylocationonlineandexplainedwhatIwas___29___,wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue.Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.Igota____30____fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby.Ihadneverbeenmore____31____.ThenIsawabig____32____inthedark.Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme,____33____thewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.“You’llbeOK.Followme.”Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthe____34____.Idroveslowlybehindhim.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotearsof____35____.21.A.shortcut B.turn C.look D.risk22.A.soon B.fast C.lightly D.suddenly23.A.locked B.closed C.frozen D.broken24.A.follow B.cover C.mark D.remember25.A.plan B.clue C.doubt D.problem26.A.awake B.calm C.warm D.still27.A.confusion B.trouble C.embarrassment D.panic28.A.confirmed B.found C.posted D.checked29.A.lookingat B.goingthrough C.searchingfor D.carryingout30.Atip B.comment C.like D.message31.A.inspired B.relieved C.convinced D.amazed32.A.policeman B.creature C.shadow D.figure33.A.fighting B.avoiding C.checking D.reporting34.A.goal B.danger C.depth D.direction35.A.hope B.love C.gratitude D.pride【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.C29.B30.D31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。描述了作者在一場(chǎng)突如其來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雪中迷路并被困在車中，隨后通過(guò)社交媒體發(fā)出求救信號(hào)，最終得到一位陌生人在惡劣天氣中的救援，并被引領(lǐng)至安全之地的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：暴風(fēng)雪就要來(lái)了，我抄了一條近路。A.shortcut近路；B.turn依次輪到的機(jī)會(huì)；C.look看；D.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)下文“asthesnowstormwasapproaching(由于暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨)”及“Butreally,Ihadno__5__whereIwas.(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”可知，由于暴風(fēng)雪即將來(lái)臨，作者抄了一條近路，結(jié)果遇到了麻煩。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后雪開(kāi)始下了，而且下得很快。A.soon不久；B.fast快；C.lightly輕松地；D.suddenly意外地。根據(jù)下文“WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout(幾分鐘內(nèi)，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，雪下得很快，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：車窗被凍住了，被雪覆蓋了，所以我放慢了速度，搖下了駕駛員側(cè)的車窗，想著我可以更好地沿著路邊，保持直線行駛。A.locked鎖；B.closed關(guān)閉；C.frozen凍；D.broken破壞。根據(jù)下文“gettingcoveredwithsnow(被雪覆蓋了)”可知，此處說(shuō)的是暴風(fēng)雪中車窗的狀態(tài)，分析待選項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)“frozen凍”表示的含義符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.follow沿著；B.cover覆蓋；C.mark標(biāo)志著；D.remember記得。根據(jù)下文“theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline(……路邊，保持直線行駛)”可知，此處說(shuō)的是沿著路邊，故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我真的不知道我在哪里。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.clue線索；C.doubt懷疑；D.problem問(wèn)題。根據(jù)下文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning(我停下來(lái)，讓車一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著)”以及“Icalled911(我呼叫了911)”可知，作者因暴風(fēng)雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里，故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我停下來(lái)，保持汽車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)以保暖。A.awake醒著的；B.calm鎮(zhèn)靜的；C.warm溫暖的；D.still靜止的。根據(jù)上文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning(我停下來(lái)，保持汽車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))”可知，作者停下來(lái)但保持汽車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，作者試圖通過(guò)保持汽車運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的方式保暖，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)電話讓我驚慌失措。A.confusion困惑；B.trouble麻煩；C.embarrassment尷尬；D.panic恐慌。根據(jù)上文“Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight(我撥打了911。接線員告訴我等待一夜，看看情況再說(shuō))”可知，作者向911求救，卻被告知要等一晚上，感到驚慌失措，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了自己的位置，并解釋了我所經(jīng)歷的一切，希望有人能來(lái)救我。A.confirmed證實(shí)；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.posted發(fā)帖子；D.checked檢查。根據(jù)下文“Soonenough,peoplestartedchiminginonmypost(很快，人們開(kāi)始在我的帖子上留言)”可知，作者在網(wǎng)上發(fā)了帖子，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：同上。A.lookingat看；B.goingthrough經(jīng)歷；C.searchingfor查找；D.carryingout執(zhí)行。根據(jù)下文“wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue(希望有人能來(lái)救我)”可知，作者講述的是自己經(jīng)歷的事情，故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我收到了一條信息，有人打算幫我聯(lián)系附近的人。A.tip小費(fèi)；B.comment評(píng)論；C.like愛(ài)好；D.message消息。根據(jù)下文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby(有人打算幫我聯(lián)系附近的人)”可知，作者收到了一條消息，故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未如此如釋重負(fù)。A.inspired有創(chuàng)造力的；B.relieved寬慰的；C.convinced堅(jiān)信的；D.amazed大為驚奇的。根據(jù)上文“whowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby(有人打算幫我聯(lián)系附近的人)”可知，在困境中有陌生人試圖幫助作者，使作者感到如釋重負(fù)，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我在黑暗中看到一個(gè)大身影。A.policeman警察；B.creature生物；C.shadow陰影；D.figure人影。根據(jù)下文“Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme(他走了大約500米來(lái)接我)”可知，此處上下文說(shuō)的是人影，故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他每走一步都在與風(fēng)雪抗?fàn)?，大約走了500米來(lái)找我。A.fighting與……作斗爭(zhēng)；B.avoiding避免；C.checking檢查；D.reporting報(bào)告。根據(jù)上文“Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdownfast.WithinminutesIwasinawhiteout(然后雪開(kāi)始下了，而且下得很快。幾分鐘內(nèi)，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，前來(lái)幫助作者的人頂著大風(fēng)大雪前來(lái)，分析選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“fighting與……作斗爭(zhēng)”表達(dá)的含義符合語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，開(kāi)始在雪地里艱難地行走，確信自己的方向。A.goal目標(biāo)；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.depth深度；D.direction方向。根據(jù)下文“Idroveslowlybehindhim(我在他身后慢慢地開(kāi))”可知，前來(lái)幫忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟著他開(kāi)車，故選D項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們到達(dá)他的家時(shí)，我感激地淚流滿面。A.hope希望；B.love愛(ài)；C.gratitude感激；D.pride自豪。根據(jù)上文“Butreally,IhadnocluewhereIwas(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”以及“Whenwereachedhishouse(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)他的家時(shí))”可知，作者在暴風(fēng)雪中迷路，被陌生人幫助。由此可知，作者心懷感激，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Askywell,or“tianjing”inChinese,isatypicalfeatureofatraditionalhomeinSouthernandEasternChina.Theyarecommonlyseeninhomes___36___(date)totheMingandQingdynasties,which____37____(design)tohousedifferentgenerationsofrelatives.Despitetheirvariedsizesanddesigns,theseskywellsaretypicallysquareandlocatedin____38____heartofthehouse.Theyservetoallowinlight,enhanceairflow,andharvestrainwater.Sincedecadesago,thegovernment____39____(advocate)greenbuildings,promotingenvironmentally-friendlypractice.TheincreasedinteresttowardstraditionalChinesearchitectureisleadingtotherestorationofhistoricbuildingswithskywells____40____modernuse.Architectsarealsolookingtowardstheprinciplesbehindskywellswhiledesigningnewbuildings____41____(save)energy.TheDongguanTBATowerinGuangdongProvince,forexample,bringsnaturalairflowsintoeveryfloorwithinternal“windpipes”____42____fun