2024屆高三廣東省高三下學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

廣東省一模測(cè)試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWelcometoWSULibraries!Inthisguide,we’llunlockthemysteriesofcallnumbersandlocationprefixes.Knowingthesehelpsyouquicklylocateandaccessyourdesiredbooks.CallNumbersBooksandmaterialarearrangedonourshelvesaccordingtotheLibraryofCongress(LC)classificationsystem.Thesecallnumbersuniquelyidentifyandorganizeitemsnearothermaterialonthesameorsimilarsubjects.Considerthecallnumber:LB2395C651991.?LBdefinesthesubjectarea.Thecalllettersaretypicallyarrangedinalphabetical(字母的)order,startingfromAandcontinuingthroughthealphabet.Knowingtheletter(s)foryoursubjectareagivesyouaplacetostartbrowsingtheshelves.Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.Formore,clickhere.?2395istheclassificationnumber,whichfurtherdistinguishesthesubjectmatter.Readasawholenumber:1,2,3,45,100,2430.?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).?1991istheyearofpublication.LocationPrefixesSomecallnumbershavealocationprefix.Locationprefixesmeanthatthebookormaterialisshelvedinaspecialplace,andmayhaveloanrestrictions.WSUusesthefollowingprefixes:1.Whichbookmaybeidentifiedunderthecallnumber“NU238C7192013”?A.AnIntroductiontoModernArt. B.TheABCofComputerscience.C.TheRecyclingofwasteoils. D.AshortHistoryofFrance.2.WhatwouldbetheCutternumberifyouarelookingforabookbyWhitneySherman?A.C78. B.S53. C.W67. D.L59.3.Wherecanyoufindthebook“RESAG243G871992”?A.0nthe2ndor4thfloorofthelibrary.B.IntheReferenceAreaonthe1stfloor.C.IntheCirculationAreaonthe1stfloor.D.AttheLearningResourcesCenteronthe2ndfloor.【答案】1A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述的是WSU圖書館使用指南的說(shuō)明文。它詳細(xì)解釋了如何利用圖書館的藏書系統(tǒng)，特別是如何通過(guò)書目的索書號(hào)和位置前綴來(lái)快速定位并獲取所需的書籍。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“Forexample:A—Generalworks;B—Philosophy,Psychology,Religion;D—worldHistory;G—Geography;H—socialsciences;J—Politicalscience;K—Law;L—Education;M—Music;N—Arts;P—LanguageandLiterature;Q—science.(例如：A.一般作品；B.哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)、宗教；D.世界歷史；G.地理；H.社會(huì)科學(xué)；J.政治學(xué)；K.定律；L.教育；M.音樂；N.藝術(shù)；P.語(yǔ)言文學(xué)；Q.科學(xué)。)”可知，索書號(hào)N代表了藝術(shù)類書籍，A選項(xiàng)“AnIntroductiontoModernArt.(現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)概論)”的索書號(hào)可能為“NU238C7192013”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CallNumbers部分中的“?C65istheCutternumberandusuallyrepresentstheauthor’slastname.FindC,then65.Readthenumberasadecimal(小數(shù)).(C65是卡特號(hào)，通常代表作者的姓氏。先找到C，然后找到65。這個(gè)號(hào)碼需要作為小數(shù)來(lái)讀取。)”可判斷，如果想找WhitneySherman的書，我們可以使用卡特號(hào)索引，用作者的姓氏開頭字母S。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格中的Res部分中的“1stfloor,CirculationArea”可知，Res開頭的索書號(hào)存放在圖書館一樓CirculationArea；書號(hào)為“RESAG243G871992”的書可以圖書館一樓CirculationArea找到。故選C。BALetterfromWillaCathertoPresidentTomasMasarykHonoredsir,Yourletter,senttomethroughyourLegationatWashington,confersuponmegreathonorandgivesmegreatpleasure.IamgladtohavecarriedamessagefromtheBohemian(波希米亞)neighbors,whomIgrewupwith,totheirhomecountryoftheCzechRepublic.IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.Ihavethegoodfortunetopreserverelationswithmostofmycharacters.“Antonia”andhersplendidchildrenarefleshandbloodrealities.EverytimeIgobacktothem,Ifeelhowmuchmoreinterestingandlovabletheyarethanmypictureofthem.IwishIcouldpresentthemtoyouinperson.IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.Iavoidbiographers,askingthemtowaituntilIgetmyworkfurtheralong.Myfirstnovelwaspublishedin1912,andaperiodoftwelveyearsishardlylongenoughforawritertofindtheformbestsuitedforwriting.IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.Iamabletosendyouaverygoodphotographtakenrecently.Iencloseashortbiographicalaccountwhichmypublishersuseforpublicitypurposes,andsomecasualreviews.Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.Ibegyou,PresidentMasaryk,tobelieveinmygratefulappreciationofyourletter.Respectfullyyours,WillaCather4.WhoisAntonia?A.Adirectorofamovie. B.Acharacterinabook.C.Cather’srelativeinNewYork. D.Cather’sneighborfromBohemia.5.Whatdoestheauthorneedforamostsuitablewritingstyleaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Time. B.Youth. C.Publishers’advice. D.Financialsupport.6.Whatdoeswritingabiographymeantotheauthoraccordingtoparagraph4?A.Aninspirationtoherreaders. B.Arecordofherachievements.C.Awindowintoawriter’sworld. D.Anendpointinawriter’scareer.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisletter?A.TorebuildherBohemianconnection. B.Todeclinethepresident’srequest.C.Toexplainherphilosophyofwriting. D.Toappreciatethepresident’sinterest.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一封應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)作家WillaCather禮貌謝絕TomasMasaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個(gè)人傳記資料的請(qǐng)求?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IhavejustreturnedtoNewYork,whereIhadthepleasureoftakingAnniePavelka,theliving“Antonia”inmybookMyAntonia,andsixofherchildrentothefirstscreeningofALostLady.(我剛剛回到紐約，在那里我有幸?guī)е业臅鳰yAntonia中活生生的“安東尼婭”安妮·帕維爾卡和她的六個(gè)孩子去看了《迷失的女人》的第一場(chǎng)放映)”可知，Antonia是書中的人物。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IwasnotyoungwhenIbegantowrite,andthoughlivingisagoodpreparationforwriting,Idoneedmoretimetoacquireasimpleandmodestwayofpresentingmywork,howeverwellIknowwhatIwishtopresent.(我開始寫作的時(shí)候并不年輕，雖然生活是寫作的一個(gè)很好的準(zhǔn)備，但我確實(shí)需要更多的時(shí)間來(lái)掌握一種簡(jiǎn)單而謙虛的方式來(lái)展示我的作品，無(wú)論我多么清楚我想展示什么)”可知，作者表達(dá)了拒絕的遺憾，并解釋她需要時(shí)間去完善寫作風(fēng)格。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Biographiesusuallybegintocomealongjustaboutthetimeawriterhasnomoretosay,andIdonotfeelthattimehasyetcometome.(傳記通常是在作家無(wú)話可說(shuō)的時(shí)候開始出現(xiàn)的，而我卻不覺得時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)到了)”可推知，寫傳記對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)意味著作家生涯的終點(diǎn)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“IregretthatIcannotsatisfactorilymeetyourkindrequestforbiographical(傳記的)material.(很遺憾，我不能滿意地滿足您對(duì)傳記資料的要求)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，這封信的目的是謝絕Masaryk總統(tǒng)索要詳盡的個(gè)人傳記資料的請(qǐng)求。為此，作者首先感謝總統(tǒng)的來(lái)信；分享與過(guò)去的人和小說(shuō)中的人物聯(lián)系的喜悅；解釋不能提供傳記材料的原因；附上一張近照和一段簡(jiǎn)短的傳記以示對(duì)該請(qǐng)求的尊重和感激。故選B。CIfyou’venoticedyou’regettinglesswhileyourbillalmoststaysthesame,it’snotjustyou.“Shrinkflation”—reducingaproduct’ssizeorquantitywhilekeepingitspricestable—isshowingupinshopsaroundtheworld.Astheglobaleconomystruggleswithinflation(通貨膨脹),risingmaterialcostsandhigherhumancost,consumersarebearingtheincreasingproductionprices.“Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,”saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”.Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.“Shoppersdon’thaveachoice.Theyhavetoadaptthemselvestothechanges,”addsStiving.Therearerareexceptions,butcompaniesgenerallytaketheopportunitytogetmoreprofits.Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.Somegrocersareusingstickerstoremindshoppersofshrinkflation,butstill,it’satoughhittothebottomline—especiallybecausethepriceofproductsgenerallydoesn’tfallasinflationdoes.Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.8.Whydoesshrinkflationmakeconsumers“l(fā)esspainful”accordingtoStiving?A.Shrinkflationreduceshumancost.B.Shrinkflationraisespurchasingpower.C.Consumersbecomemoreawareofsize.D.Consumersexperiencelittleincreaseincost.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theconcernsofshoppers. B.Theinterestsofcompanies.C.Theimpactofshrinkflation. D.Thephenomenonofinflation.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheshrinkflationinparagraph4?A.Favorable. B.Objective.C.Dismissive. D.Unclear.11.Whatshouldconsumersdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Drawabottomline. B.Putwarningstickers.C.Choosesmallerpacks. D.Makeaconsciousdecision.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要講述一種經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)現(xiàn)象：縮水式通貨膨脹，及其原因和影響。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“‘Consumersaremorelikelytonoticehowtheirpurchasesareaffectingtheirwalletsthantheamountofproductlostwhensizesdecrease,’saysMarkStiving,thechiefpricingeducatoratImpactPricing.Asaresult,companiesuseshrinkflationtomakeconsumers‘lesspainful’.(Impactpricing的首席定價(jià)教育專家MarkStiving表示：‘當(dāng)尺寸減小時(shí)，消費(fèi)者更有可能注意到他們的購(gòu)買對(duì)他們錢包的影響，而不是產(chǎn)品損失的數(shù)量?！虼?，企業(yè)利用縮水式通脹讓消費(fèi)者‘不那么痛苦’)”可知，相比于商品尺寸的減少，消費(fèi)者更關(guān)注價(jià)格的波動(dòng)，因此，縮水式通貨膨脹來(lái)使消費(fèi)者成本幾乎沒有增加，從而“不那么痛苦”，故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合前兩句“Yetevenasshrinkflationcomeswithinflation,theproblemdoesn’tendafterinflationdoes.Oncethenewsizesareontheshelf,theyarelikelytostaythatway.(然而，即使縮水式通脹伴隨著通脹而來(lái)，問題也不會(huì)在通脹結(jié)束后才結(jié)束。一旦新尺碼上市，它們很可能會(huì)一直保持這種狀態(tài))”可知，本段主要講述縮水式通貨膨脹的后續(xù)影響，即產(chǎn)品的尺寸一旦減少，后續(xù)可能很難再變回來(lái)，故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Formanycompanies,shrinkflationseemstobeunavoidable.Infoodindustry,forexample,wherecustomersarehighlysensitivetoprice,liftingpricesmightmakecustomersjumpshiptoanotherbrand.Butfacingthecontinuousinflation,thecompanieshavetodosomethingtomaintaintheirprofits.Introducingsmallreductioninthesizeoftheirgoodsshouldenablethemtoimproveprofitswhilekeepingtheirpricescompetitive.Butoncecustomersnoticethechange,theymightfeelfooled,leadingtoalossoftrustandconfidence.(對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)，縮水式通脹似乎是不可避免的。例如，在消費(fèi)者對(duì)價(jià)格高度敏感的食品行業(yè)，提高價(jià)格可能會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者跳槽到另一個(gè)品牌。但是面對(duì)持續(xù)的通貨膨脹，公司不得不做些什么來(lái)維持他們的利潤(rùn)。把產(chǎn)品的尺寸縮小一點(diǎn)可以使他們?cè)诒３謨r(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的同時(shí)提高利潤(rùn)。但是，一旦客戶注意到這種變化，他們可能會(huì)覺得自己被愚弄了，從而導(dǎo)致信任和信心的喪失)”可知，作者在本段中提到迫于市場(chǎng)的諸多因素，對(duì)許多公司來(lái)說(shuō)縮水式通貨膨脹是無(wú)法避免的，這可以保證其公司在市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。但消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)感覺受到了欺騙，導(dǎo)致信任和信心的喪失。因此，作者對(duì)于縮水式通貨膨脹的態(tài)度是客觀的，既指出了其帶來(lái)的問題，也指出了其對(duì)公司的好處，故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Consumersmayneedtoexaminebothpriceandsizesensiblyastheyshop,andmakesuretheydon’tfallintothetrapofthatsupersizeontheshelf.(消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)物時(shí)可能需要理智地檢查價(jià)格和尺碼，并確保自己不會(huì)落入貨架上超大尺碼的陷阱)”可知，本段提到消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)物時(shí)需要明智地考慮價(jià)格和尺寸，確保自己不會(huì)陷入價(jià)格陷阱。因此，消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該做出明智的決定，故選D。DWelearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?AstudyledbyMarkusPaulus,professoratLoyolaMarymountUniversity,showsthattheabilityhasitsrootsinearliestchildhood.“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings,”saysMarkusPaulus.Inthisresearch,Paulusrecordedtheinteractionbetweenmotherandchildoverseveralmonths.Thebabiescameintothelabforthefirsttimeattheageof6months,whiletheirfinalvisitwaswhentheywere18monthsold.Astheyengagedinvariousplaysituations,theinteractionsandimitationsofmotherandchildwereanalyzed.Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.Paulus’researchshowsthatmutualimitationisthekeystoneofknowledgetransfer,throughwhichchildrensuccessfullylearnvariousskills,suchashowtouseobjects,wavingandacquisitionoflanguage.“Thisinteractionisthenucleusoflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman,”saysPaulus.“Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”12.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofwheels?A.Topraisetheinventionofcarwheels. B.Todescribetheprocessoftrialanderror.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofnewtools. D.Toshowtheimportanceofpriorknowledge.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulus’research?A.Children’simitationwasrecordedbymothers.B.Sensitivemothersencouragedchildren’simitation.C.Children’sabilitywasanalyzedthroughinteraction.D.Effectiveinteractionpromotedchildren’sdevelopment.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nucleus”meaninparagraph4?A.Core. B.Result. C.Aim. D.Content.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhydoesEvolutionMatter? B.HowtoInteractwithChildren?C.Imitation:TheEngineofEvolution D.CulturalLearning:TheRootofImitation【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了模仿對(duì)于人際互動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)和人類文明演進(jìn)的重要性?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Welearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?(我們通過(guò)幾千年積累的知識(shí)來(lái)了解世界。站在偉人的肩膀上，我們不必經(jīng)歷無(wú)盡的嘗試和錯(cuò)誤，就像汽車的輪子不必每次都重新發(fā)明一樣。但是我們向別人學(xué)習(xí)的能力從何而來(lái)呢？)”和第二段“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings(人們通常認(rèn)為孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根據(jù)我們的觀察，孩子模仿是因?yàn)樗麄冏约罕徽疹櫿吣７?。這種相互作用使知識(shí)的文化轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能，通過(guò)幾代人的努力，知識(shí)的文化轉(zhuǎn)移最終導(dǎo)致了人類的發(fā)展)”可推知，作者提到輪子的例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)先前知識(shí)的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我們不必再重新進(jìn)行研究和試驗(yàn)。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.(這項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期研究表明，母親在與6個(gè)月大的孩子互動(dòng)時(shí)越敏感，她模仿孩子的次數(shù)越多，孩子在18個(gè)月大時(shí)的整體能力就越強(qiáng))”可知，Paulus的研究表明，媽媽越頻繁地模仿孩子，孩子的發(fā)育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互動(dòng)促進(jìn)了孩子們的發(fā)展。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“oflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman”可知，這種相互作用最終導(dǎo)致了人類進(jìn)化的成功，說(shuō)明是學(xué)習(xí)的核心，故劃線詞意思是“核心”。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”(“文化學(xué)習(xí)是人類進(jìn)化的重要組成部分，它植根于對(duì)他人的模仿，尤其是我們童年早期的照顧者，”保盧斯說(shuō)?！巴ㄟ^(guò)這種方式，我們相互學(xué)習(xí)，并將知識(shí)傳授給下一代，因此某些動(dòng)作或技術(shù)不必不斷地重新發(fā)明?！?”結(jié)合文章主要講述了模仿在人類進(jìn)化中的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了模仿對(duì)于人類進(jìn)化的推動(dòng)作用。因此，最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“模仿：進(jìn)化的引擎”。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.___16___Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.Musicemergesasapromisingtoolforpromotingwell-beingoftheelderly.Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.___17___singinganddancingtomusicwithothersisnotonlyfunbutalsoimprovesmood.Musicalactivitiesaregreatwaystoreducestressbecausetheytakeourmindsoffproblems.Theyalsohelpusfeellesslonelyandmoreconnectedwithotherpeople.___18___Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.Finally,musiccontributestokeepingourthinkingskillssharp.Itmakesourbrainsworkhardinuniquewaystounderstandtherhythmandmelody.___19___Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.___20___A.Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.B.Recallinghappymemoriescanliftourmoodonabadday.C.Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.D.Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.E.Howeveritofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.F.Theabilitytoformnewmemoriesisessentialforprocessinginformation.G.Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述的是音樂對(duì)于老年人身心健康的好處，音樂能夠引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和愉悅感、音樂活動(dòng)有助于減輕壓力、音樂能夠觸發(fā)記憶以及音樂有助于保持思維敏銳?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomecrucialtofindwaystopreventrelatedmentalandemotionaldisorders.(在一個(gè)快速老齡化的社會(huì)中，找到預(yù)防相關(guān)精神和情感障礙的方法變得至關(guān)重要。)”可知，老年人情感方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生問題。選項(xiàng)E“However,itofteninvolvesaseriesofphysicalandmentalchallenges.(然而，它通常涉及一系列身體和精神上的挑戰(zhàn)。)”指出變老會(huì)在身體和心理上出現(xiàn)問題，與空前內(nèi)容“Gettingoldermeansgreatermaturityandwisdom.(變老意味著更加成熟和智慧。)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，同時(shí)自然引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Musichasagreatpowertocausestrongemotionsandintensepleasure.(音樂有一種巨大的力量，能引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和強(qiáng)烈的快樂。)”可知，音樂能夠引起強(qiáng)烈的情感和快樂。選項(xiàng)D“Thishelpspeoplefeelbetterwhentheyaredepressedoranxious.(這有助于人們?cè)谝钟艋蚪箲]時(shí)感覺好一些。)”中的“this”指的正是上文提到的音樂所具有的力量，而這種力量能讓人們?cè)谝钟艋蚪箲]時(shí)感覺好一些。故選D?！?8題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Asongmaybecomeasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasadelightfulpartywithfriendsthatyouhadalongtimeago.Listeningtothatsongallowsyoutorememberallthehappymemoriesfromthattime.(一首歌可能成為某一特定時(shí)刻的配樂，比如很久以前你和朋友一起參加的一個(gè)愉快的聚會(huì)。聽那首歌會(huì)讓你想起那時(shí)候所有的快樂回憶。)”可知，本段主要講述的是音樂可以讓你想起曾經(jīng)的快樂的回憶。選項(xiàng)A“Musiccanalsoopenforgottendoorstoourmemories.(音樂也可以打開被遺忘的記憶之門。)”指的是音樂可以讓我們想起曾經(jīng)的記憶，與本段內(nèi)容相符，適合作為主旨句，引領(lǐng)下文。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Forexample,exposuretobackgroundmusic,particularlyclassicalmusic,duringcognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasksisshowntoimproveolderpeople’scognitiveprocesses,suchasprocessingspeedandworkingmemory.(例如，在認(rèn)知任務(wù)中，暴露在背景音樂中，特別是古典音樂，被證明可以改善老年人的認(rèn)知過(guò)程，如處理速度和工作記憶。)”可知，下文例子想要表達(dá)的是置身于音樂之中就可以改善老年人的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)C“Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanhelpelderlyadultsthinkbetter.(即使是被動(dòng)聽音樂也能幫助老年人更好地思考。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的是音樂可以提高老年人的思維能力。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitiveproblems.Itisanenjoyableandsocialactivity,availabletoanyoneregardlessoftheirbackgroundorpreviousmusicalexperience.(總之，音樂是對(duì)抗與衰老相關(guān)的情感和認(rèn)知問題的有力工具。這是一項(xiàng)令人愉快的社交活動(dòng)，任何人都可以參加，無(wú)論他們的背景或以前的音樂經(jīng)歷如何。)”可知，本段是全文的總結(jié)，指出音樂是延緩老年人衰老的重要方式。選項(xiàng)G“Thus,thisaccessibleinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.(因此，這種可獲得的干預(yù)措施應(yīng)成為健康老齡化的主要政策優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。)”是上文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，指出既然音樂可以延緩老年人衰老，那么我們可以讓這種干預(yù)措施成為健康老齡化的主要政策優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。SummerClaytonmaynothavechildreninreallife,buthe’s“aprouddad”to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet.Everyweek,hesitsdowntodinnerandhasa___21___chatwithhis“kids”.Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.He___22___themhowtoshave,andremindsthemit’sOKtobe___23___whenlifehurts.Tosome,hisone-wayconversationsmayseem___24___.Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鳴)amongpeoplewho___25___afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___26___inthedailylife.Claytonisacivilianfitnesstrainerinreallife.Hestarted___27___ontheInternetinlate2020withinspirationalandhow-tovideos,and___28___jokinglycalledhim“dad”.Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to—a___29___tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,“HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?”Thevideo____30____,earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours.Clayton’sextendedfamilycomesinall____31____.Manyofhis“kids”areoldenoughtobehisparents.Clayton’s____32____doesn’tseemtobotherhisfans.At58,SarahD’ImperiomaynotseemlikeClayton’stargetaudience,butshebelievesthatit’sa(n)____33____idea,especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodelthatlistensorhas____34____tolisten.“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto____35____asmallpartofthatroleforanyone,”shesays.21.A.quick B.formal C.secret D.virtual22.A.trains B.convinces C.teaches D.supports23.A.painful B.peaceful C.shameful D.hopeful24A.dull B.tough C.silly D.brief25.A.find B.need C.admit D.start26.A.decisions B.hobbies C.excuses D.troubles27.A.posting B.profiting C.searching D.donating28.A.critics B.followers C.experts D.reporters29.A.suggestion B.promise C.reward D.response30.A.caughtup B.cameout C.blewup D.heldout31.A.places B.ages C.types D.classes32.A.faith B.experience C.youth D.appearance33.A.brilliant B.ambitious C.complicated D.abstract34.A.luck B.time C.energy D.honor35.A.value B.create C.define D.fill【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了SummerClayton雖然在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中沒有孩子，但他通過(guò)在網(wǎng)上扮演父親的形象和孩子說(shuō)話，發(fā)布了許多具有啟發(fā)性、指導(dǎo)性的的視頻，成為網(wǎng)上280萬(wàn)人的“驕傲爸爸”?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每周，他都會(huì)坐下來(lái)吃飯，并與他的“孩子們”進(jìn)行虛擬聊天。A.quick快速的；B.formal正規(guī)的；C.secret秘密的；D.virtual虛擬的。根據(jù)上文中的“he’s‘a(chǎn)prouddad’to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet”和下文中的“Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.(他看著鏡頭，詢問他們一天的情況。)”可知，他在網(wǎng)上和“孩子們”進(jìn)行虛擬聊天。故選D。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他教他們?nèi)绾喂魏樱⑻嵝阉麄冊(cè)谏钤斐蓚r(shí)痛苦是正常的。A.trains訓(xùn)練；B.convinces使相信；C.teaches教；D.supports支持。根據(jù)下文中的“Hisfirstvideotogoviralwasashavinghow-to”可知，他教“孩子們”如何刮胡子。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.painful困難的，令人痛苦的；B.peaceful和平的；C.shameful丟臉的；D.hopeful抱有希望的。根據(jù)空后的“whenlifehurts”可知，在生活中受傷時(shí)，感到痛苦是沒什么的。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，他的單向?qū)υ捒赡芸雌饋?lái)很愚蠢。A.dull枯燥無(wú)味的；B.tough艱難的；C.silly傻的，愚蠢的；D.brief短暫的。根據(jù)下句But可知，前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)下句“Buthiseffortshavestruckachord(引起共鳴)amongpeoplewho___5___afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___6___inthedailylife.”可知，他的努力在一些人當(dāng)中能夠引起共鳴，再結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，他單方面的對(duì)話可能在一些人看來(lái)很愚蠢。故選C。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但在需要一個(gè)父親形象或者只是一個(gè)在日常生活中傾聽他們煩惱的人的那些人當(dāng)中——他的努力引起了共鳴。A.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.need需要；C.admit承認(rèn)；D.start開始。根據(jù)空后的“afatherfigure—orjustsomeonewholistenstotheir___6___inthedailylife”和下文中的“especiallyforyoungsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodel”可知，這些人需要一個(gè)父親形象，或一個(gè)在日常生活中傾聽他們煩惱的人。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.decisions決定；B.hobbies愛好；C.excuses借口；D.troubles問題，苦惱。根據(jù)上文“Helooksintothecameraandasksabouttheirday.”和空前的“l(fā)istenstotheir”可知，這里指傾聽他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪械臒?。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2020年末，他開始在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)布具有啟發(fā)性和指導(dǎo)性視頻，粉絲們開玩笑地稱他為“爸爸”。A.posting發(fā)布；B.profiting獲益；C.searching搜索；D.donating捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)句中的“withinspirationalandhow-tovideos”可知，這里指的是在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布視頻。故選A。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.critics批評(píng)家；B.followers追隨者，擁護(hù)者；C.experts專家；D.reporters記者。根據(jù)上文中的“he’s‘a(chǎn)prouddad’to2.8millionpeopleontheInternet”可知，他是網(wǎng)上280萬(wàn)人的“爸爸”，由此可知，他的粉絲們（追隨者）稱呼他“爸爸”。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的第一段瘋傳的視頻是一段如何刮胡子的視頻——這是對(duì)一個(gè)給他發(fā)信息的人的回應(yīng)，這個(gè)人問道，“嘿，爸爸，你能教我刮胡子嗎？”A.suggestion建議；B.promise承諾；C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.response回答，反應(yīng)。根據(jù)空后的“tosomeonewhosenthimamessageasking,‘HeyDad,canyouteachmehowtoshave?’”可知，網(wǎng)上有人問他能否教刮胡子，作為回應(yīng)，他出了一段如何刮胡子的視頻。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這個(gè)視頻大火，在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)為他贏得了數(shù)萬(wàn)名新粉絲。A.caughtup趕上；B.cameout出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)；C.blewup爆發(fā)；D.heldout堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)句中的“earninghimtensofthousandsofnewfanswithinhours”可知，這個(gè)視頻在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就漲粉上萬(wàn)人，所以是火爆了。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Clayton的大家庭來(lái)自各個(gè)年齡段。A.places地方；B.ages年齡；C.types類型；D.classes班級(jí)。根據(jù)下文中的“Manyofhis‘kids’areoldenoughtobehisparents.(他的許多‘孩子’都大到足以當(dāng)他的父母了。)”可知，他的“孩子們”年齡不同。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Clayton的年輕似乎并不困擾他的粉絲。A.faith信心；B.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；C.youth年輕；D.appearance外表。根據(jù)上文中的“Manyofhis‘kids’areoldenoughtobehisparents.(他的許多‘孩子’都大到足以當(dāng)他的父母了。)”可知，有些粉絲的年紀(jì)比Clayton大，但Clayton的年輕并沒有困擾粉絲。故選C。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：58歲的SarahD’Imperio看起來(lái)可能不是Clayton的目標(biāo)觀眾，但她相信這是一個(gè)極好的主意，尤其是對(duì)于那些可能沒有父親榜樣傾聽或有時(shí)間傾聽的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)。A.brilliant巧妙的，極好的；B.ambitious有抱負(fù)的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.abstract抽象的。根據(jù)下文中的“It’sjustheartwarmingtoseesomeonetryingto___15___asmallpartofthatroleforanyone”可知，她認(rèn)為Clayton的做法很暖心，這是一個(gè)極好的主意。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.luck運(yùn)氣；B.time時(shí)間；C.energy能量；D.honor榮譽(yù)。結(jié)合前面的“maynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodel”可知，有些青少年的生活中沒有能夠傾聽他們或者勻出時(shí)間傾聽他們的父親角色。故選B。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)：“看到有人試圖為任何人扮演這個(gè)角色的一小部分，真是令人暖心?！盇.value珍惜；B.create創(chuàng)造；C.define給……下定義；D.fill裝滿，填滿，擔(dān)任。根據(jù)上文中的“youngsterswhomaynothaveapaternal(父親的)rolemodel”可知，有些人的生活中沒有可靠的父親角色，而Clayton為這些人扮演了一小部分父親角色。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填人1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BornintoanethnicMiaofamilyinruralGuizhouProvince,ZhangwasexposedfromayoungagetotherichtraditionofMiaoembroidery(刺繡)—___36___culturalcraftthathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.Shespentcountlesshoursasachild___37___(observe)hermotherandgrandmotherstitchingfancypatternsontofabricsbyhand.In2003,hopingtomodernizeandsharethisheritage,sheopenedherfirstclothingshopintheprovincialcapital.Adecadelater,Zhang___38___(establish)herownclothingbrandfocusedoncombiningtraditionalChinese-styleqipaodresseswithcolorfulcustomizedembroiderypatterns.“WehavetrainedhundredsoflocalMiaowomenintheancientneedleworktechniques,”Zhang___39___(proud)remarked.“Theclothinglinecelebratestheirbreathtakinghandiwork,___40___Ihopeadvancesmyhomevillage’srevitalization.”Her___41___(com