四級英語翻譯

四級英語翻譯四級英語翻譯四級英語翻譯資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月四級英語翻譯版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：1、在林林總總的筆類制品中，毛筆算是中國獨(dú)有的品類。傳統(tǒng)的毛筆不但是古人必備的文房用具，而且在表達(dá)中華書法、繪畫的特殊韻味上具有與眾不同的魅力。hints：

毛筆：writingbrush

魅力：charm

書法：calligraphy

2、信用卡是銀行所創(chuàng)造出來的最便捷同時也是最危險的信用工具。通過信用卡，人們可以先用銀行付賬的方式購買那些負(fù)擔(dān)不起的物品，同時，銀行也將對此征收比一般貸款更高的利率。遺憾的是，信用卡現(xiàn)已成為資本主義體制的重要組成部分，而該體制就得依賴消費(fèi)的持續(xù)增長。hints：信用卡：creditcard利率：interestrate資本主義體制：capitalistsystem消費(fèi)：consumption3、人們常說，如果你是在北京，有兩樣事情是你一定要做的，一是爬長城，二是吃北京烤鴨。以前只有宮廷廚房才有，現(xiàn)在全北京、全世界的千萬個餐館都可以吃到傳說中的北京烤鴨。北京烤鴨的起源可以追溯到大約600年前的明朝。那時候，來自中國各地的廚師前往都城北京為皇帝下廚。這是一個著名的職業(yè)，只有最好的廚師才可以進(jìn)入宮里的廚房。1911年清朝最終沒落，宮里的廚師離開紫禁城在北京開了餐廳，給人民群眾帶來了北京烤鴨和其他美味。hints：北京烤鴨：Peking

Roast

Duck紫禁城：the

Forbidden

City4、在公元220年開始的300年里，中國分成了三個小王國。一個是魏國，位于中國北部，由曹氏家族統(tǒng)治。還有一個王國叫做蜀漢，位于中國的西南部，由劉備統(tǒng)治。另外一個王國叫做吳國，位于中國的東南部，由孫權(quán)統(tǒng)治。中國文化里最偉大的書籍之一——《三國演義》就是關(guān)于這段時間的。hints：曹氏家族：the

Ts’ao

family孫權(quán)：Sun

Ch’ua三國演義：Romance

of

the

Three

Kingdoms5、武術(shù)在我國源遠(yuǎn)流長，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)，不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類的共同財富?，F(xiàn)在武術(shù)運(yùn)動已被列為一種具有與保齡球運(yùn)動和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項目。武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒。老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運(yùn)動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛好者也與日俱增。hints：武術(shù)martialart

國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞internationalstandarddance6、中國人飲茶，注重一個"品"字。"品茶"不但是鑒別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢飲，達(dá)到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。hints：神思遐想：reverie領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣：takedelightintea-drinking在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶……:這個句子較長，譯者根據(jù)其意思的層次，把它分成了兩個完整的句子來翻譯，這樣就有較大的自由度來遣詞造句擇靜雅之處：securingaserenespace細(xì)啜慢飲：imbibeslowlyinsmallsips達(dá)到美的享受：即"享受到飲茶之美"。allure這里是名詞，意為"迷人之處"，也可用beauty。使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界：untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室：翻譯時用了tuckedaway和nestled，比用built要形象、優(yōu)美得多。讓人們小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是讓人們休息、娛樂的迷人場所。"7、TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof"savoring.""Savoringtea"isnotonlyawaytodiscerngoodteafrommediocretea,butalsohowpeopletakedelightintheirreverieandintea-drinkingitself.Snatchingabitofleisurefromabusyschedule,makingakettleofstrongtea,securingaserenespace,andservinganddrinkingteabyyourselfcanhelpbanishfatigueandfrustration,improveyourthinkingabilityandinspireyouwithenthusiasm.Youmayalsoimbibeitslowlyinsmallsipstoappreciatethesubtleallureoftea-drinking,untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm.Buildings,gardens,ornamentsandteasetsaretheelementsthatformtheambienceforsavoringtea.Atranquil,refreshing,comfortableandneatlocaleiscertainlydesirablefordrinkingtea.ChinesegardensarewellknownintheworldandbeautifulChineselandscapesaretoonumeroustocount.Teahousestuckedawayingardensandnestledbesidethenaturalbeautyofmountainsandriversareenchantingplacesofreposeforpeopletorestandrecreatethemselves.8、Chinesegardencanbedividedintotwocategories:theimperialandtheprivate.Theformerisseenmostfrequentlyinnorthernchinawhilemoreofthelatercanbefoundinthesouth,especialllyinSuzhou,WuxiandNanjing.Smallanddelicate,cleverlylaidoutandpleasingtotheeye,thestreams,bridges,rockeriesandpavillionsofprivateChinesegardenrevealanaturalbeautyoftheirown.Mostofthebridgesinthisgardenarestone,includingstraight,windingandarchedbridges.TheStraightbrigesconsistofjustonestoneslabwithoutanydecorationanditisusuallylevelwiththeriverbankorwiththerivertomakethevisitorsfeelthattheyaresurroundedbythewater.Thewindingbridgehaslowbalustrades.TheJiuquZigzagBridgeonwestlakeisoneofthem.Thearchedbridgecanbedividedintothesinglearchandthemultiarchvarieties.Streamsinthisgardensdonotcoveralargearea,butsettingthemwellwithbridgesandislandstoyieldauniformeffect.RocksandrockeriesarespecialfeaturesofsouthernChinesegardens.Stonesofgrotesqueformsareoftenattractivewithunderlaidlinesandwaterholes.Somelargestonesformsceneriesoftheirownwhilesmalleronesareputtogethertoformartificialhillstoaddtothefantasticattractivenessofthegarden.Corridorsformanotherfeatureofthechinesegarden.Therearewatercorridorsbuiltalongthewaterside,flowercorridorssettedamongflowers,willowcorridorsamonggrovesofwillowandbamboocorridorsamonggrovesofbamboo.Forthevositors,thesecorridorsaregoodtravelguidesleadingtothevariousviewsofthebiggarden.Thecorridorsaredecoratedbywindowsofeveryshape：spuare,round,hexagonalandoctagonal.Manyofthewindowsaredecoratedwithverybeautifulpatternsanddesigns.Visitorscanhaveexcellentviewofthegardenthroughthecolorfulwindows.Thedoorsofthegarden,likethewindows,arealsocarvedindifferentshapestobringmorevigornessandelegancetothesurroundings.Wallsofthesegardensareusuallypaintedinwhite.Hiddingamongtheflowers,treesandhills,whitewallsstandinasharpcontrasttothegreytilesandbrownwindows.Stollingaboutthesegardenswiththetreeshadowsswayingonthewhitewallandwillowreflectionsdancingintheponds,touristsmaythenfindthemselvestruelyenjoythispeaceandrelaxationinthisparadisefromtheturmoiloftheworld.9、武術(shù)在我國源遠(yuǎn)流長，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。我們知道，一個民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)，不僅僅屬于一個民族，它會逐漸傳播到世界而成為人類的共同財富。//為了更好的推廣武術(shù)運(yùn)動，使其與奧運(yùn)項目接軌，中國武協(xié)和國際武聯(lián)做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作。現(xiàn)在武術(shù)運(yùn)動已被列為一種具有與保齡球運(yùn)動和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項目。//武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒。//老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運(yùn)動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛好者也與日俱增。改革開放30年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，海外人士學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象與日俱增，海外孔子學(xué)院也成了人們學(xué)習(xí)中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。//通過學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機(jī)會了解中國的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、醫(yī)學(xué)、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風(fēng)采。//作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀。可以說，這個潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學(xué)習(xí)漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術(shù)。//他們也看功夫電影，學(xué)習(xí)東方時裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國的點(diǎn)心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學(xué)說和有著神秘色彩的風(fēng)水學(xué)。春節(jié)期間的娛樂活動多種多樣，豐富多彩。耍龍燈和舞獅子是春節(jié)期間的傳統(tǒng)項目。還有一種至今仍受人歡迎的傳統(tǒng)表演活動，叫踩高蹺。//現(xiàn)在，隨著生活水平的不斷提高，人們采用了新的方式慶祝新年。但不管慶祝方式怎么變，春節(jié)的精華不會變，那就是為了祈求新年吉祥如意。//家家戶戶都會打掃的干干凈凈，門上都會貼上對聯(lián)，人人都會穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，團(tuán)聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝賀。//最重要的是，春節(jié)是一個合家歡聚的日子，出門在外的人總要想方設(shè)法在除夕夜到來之前趕回家，吃上一年中最重要的一段飯——“團(tuán)圓飯”。10、[原文]中國政府高度重視保護(hù)環(huán)境，認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境關(guān)系到國家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的全局和長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，是造福當(dāng)代、惠及子孫的事業(yè)。中國政府將環(huán)境保護(hù)確立為一項基本國策，在推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時，采取一系列措施加強(qiáng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。特別是近年來，中國政府堅持預(yù)防為主、綜合治理、全面推進(jìn)、重點(diǎn)突破，著力解決危害人民群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問題；堅持創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，領(lǐng)先科學(xué)進(jìn)步，強(qiáng)化環(huán)境法治，發(fā)揮社會各方面的積極性。經(jīng)過努力，環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞加劇的趨勢減緩，部分流域污染治理初見成效，部分城市和地區(qū)環(huán)境質(zhì)量有所改善，全社會保護(hù)環(huán)境意識進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)?！驹摹恐腥A民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說，以及其他許多也在中國思想史上有地位的學(xué)說和學(xué)派。這就是有名的諸子百家。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化有它的許多珍品，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛、強(qiáng)調(diào)群體、強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公，特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛國情操和吃苦耐勞、勤儉持家、尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德。所有這些，對家庭、對國家和社會都起到了巨大的維系和調(diào)節(jié)作用?！驹摹吭S多專家認(rèn)為，教學(xué)改革的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是要改變現(xiàn)在的課程設(shè)置和考試辦法，不要讓孩子只知道“頭懸梁，錐刺股，死讀書，讀死書”。他們指出，教育改革的關(guān)鍵在于使全社會認(rèn)識到中、小學(xué)教育的目的不只是讓學(xué)生掌握必要的知識，更應(yīng)該提高學(xué)生整體素質(zhì)，特別是他們對于人生意義和社會責(zé)任這些根本的問題要有比較深入的思考。學(xué)校要在這些方面深入研究，選擇合適的內(nèi)容和方式引導(dǎo)和幫助學(xué)生形成正確的觀點(diǎn)。如果學(xué)校只強(qiáng)調(diào)知識教育而忽視了人生課程的引導(dǎo)，那么培養(yǎng)出來的只是一批文字或者數(shù)字機(jī)器，而不是準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入社會的預(yù)備人才。【原文】太湖明珠無錫，位于江蘇省南部，地處美麗富饒的長江三角洲中心地帶。這里氣候宜人，物產(chǎn)豐富，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，是中國重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景旅游城市。與萬里長城齊名的古京杭大運(yùn)河縱貫市區(qū)，泛舟河上，能領(lǐng)略水鄉(xiāng)的民俗風(fēng)情。距市區(qū)七公里的太湖梅梁景區(qū)是太湖風(fēng)景之精華，碧波萬頃，漁帆點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的黿頭渚巨石狀如黿頭，遠(yuǎn)眺煙波浩渺的太湖，被詩人郭沫若譽(yù)為“太湖佳絕處”?！驹摹恐袊且粋€發(fā)展中國家，人口多，底子薄，農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)。窮困地區(qū)較為集中的西部地區(qū)公路、鐵路等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施比較薄弱。這些地區(qū)的教育、衛(wèi)生等基本社會服務(wù)水平低，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件差。中國政府在全國范圍內(nèi)實施的扶貧開發(fā)，極大的緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象。答案：1、Chinaisacountrywithatime-honoredcivilizationandalandofceremonyanddecorum.Wheneverguestsvisit,itisnecessarytomakeandserveteatothem.Beforeservingtea,youmayaskthemfortheirpreferencesastowhatkindofteatheyfancyandservethemtheteainthemostappropriateteacups.Inthecourseofservingtea,thehostshouldtakecarefulnoteofhowmuchwaterisremaininginthecupsandinthekettle.Usually,iftheteaismadeinateacup,boilingwatershouldbeaddedafterhalfofthecuphasbeenconsumed;andthusthecupiskeptfilledsothatthetearetainsthesamebouquetandremainspleasantlywarmthroughouttheentirecourseoftea-drinking.Snacks,sweetsandotherdishesmaybeservedatteatimetocomplementthefragranceoftheteaandtoallayone'shunger.2、Ofthevariouswritingandpaintinginstruments,thewritingbrushisuniquetoChina.Traditionalwritingbrushesnotonly

were

aneverydaynecessityforancientpeopleofliteratureintheirstudies,butalsohavetheuniquecharmsinexpressingthespecialstyleofChinesecalligraphyandpaintings.3、Creditcardsareoneofthemostconvenientdevicesevercreatedbythebankingsystembut,atthesametime,oneofthemostdangerous.Theyallowpeopletobuythingsthey,otherwise,couldn'tafford,withmoneycreatedbythebanksand,chargedoutatmuchhigherinterestratesthannormalloans.Unfortunately,

creditcardhavebecomeanessentialpartofthe

capitalistsystemwhichonlysurvivesonthecontinuedgrowthin

consumption.4．It

is

often

said

that

if

you

are

in

Beijing,

there

are

essentially

two

things

that

you

must

do:

one

is

to

climb

the

Great

Wall,

and

the

other

is

to

eat

Peking

Roast

Duck.

Once

confined

to

the

kitchen

of

the

palace,

the

legendary

Peking

Roast

Duck

is

now

served

at

thousands

of

restaurants

around

Beijing,

as

well

as

the

world.

The

origin

of

the

Peking

Roast

Duck

dates

bake

to

the

Ming

Dynasty,

about

600

years

ago.

Cooks

from

all

over

China

travelled

to

the

capital

Beijing

to

cook

for

the

Emperor.

It

was

a

prestigious

occupation

as

only

the

best

chefs

could

enter

the

palace

kitchens.

With

the

eventual

fall

of

the

Qing

Dynasty

in

1911,

court

chefs

who

left

the

Forbidden

City

set

up

restaurants

around

Beijing

and

brought

the

Peking

Roast

Duck

and

other

delicious

dishes

to

the

massed.

5．For

three

hundred

years

starting

in

220

AD,

China

was

divided

into

three

smaller

kingdoms.

One

that

lies

in

north,

was

called

Wei,

and

it

was

ruled

by

the

Ts’ao

family.

The

second

was

called

Shu

Han,

and

it

was

ruled

by

Liu

Bei.

It

was

in

the

south-west

part

of

China.

The

third

kingdom

was

called

Wu,

and

it

was

ruled

by

Sun

Ch’ua.

Wu

was

in

the

south-east

part

of

China.

One

of

the

great

books

of

Chinese

literature,

Romance

of

the

Three

Kingdoms,

is

about

this

time.6、Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,thefinecultureofanationdoesn’tbelongtothenationaloneanditwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldandsharedbyallhumanity.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.TheboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantChinesewushumastersovertheyears.Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Weshu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soombecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworld,andamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.

TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoftea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof"savoring.""Savoringtea"isnotonlyawaytodiscerngoodteafrommediocretea,butalsohowpeopletakedelightintheirreverieandintea-drinkingitself.Snatchingabitofleisurefromabusyschedule,makingakettleofstrongtea,securingaserenespace,andservinganddrinkingteabyyourselfcanhelpbanishfatigueandfrustration,improveyourthinkingabilityandinspireyouwithenthusiasm.Youmayalsoimbibeitslowlyinsmallsipstoappreciatethesubtleallureoftea-drinking,untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm.Buildings,gardens,ornamentsandteasetsaretheelementsthatformtheambienceforsavoringtea.Atranquil,refreshing,comfortableandneatlocaleiscertainlydesirablefordrinkingtea.ChinesegardensarewellknownintheworldandbeautifulChineselandscapesaretoonumeroustocount.Teahousestuckedawayingardensandnestledbesidethenaturalbeautyofmountainsandriversareenchantingplacesofreposeforpeopletorestandrecreatethemselves.7、中國人飲茶，注重一個"品"字。"品茶"不但是鑒別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢飲，達(dá)到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。中國是文明古國，禮儀之邦，很重禮節(jié)。凡來了客人，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當(dāng)有客來訪，可征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時，要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加開水，隨喝隨添，使茶水濃度基本保持前后一致，水溫適宜。在飲茶時也可適當(dāng)佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點(diǎn)心之功效。注釋：1.神思遐想：reverie。2.領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣：takedelightintea-drinking。3.在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶……:這個句子較長，譯者根據(jù)其意思的層次，把它分成了兩個完整的句子來翻譯，這樣就有較大的自由度來遣詞造句。4.擇靜雅之處：securingaserenespace。5.細(xì)啜慢飲：imbibeslowlyinsmallsips。6.達(dá)到美的享受：即"享受到飲茶之美"。allure這里是名詞，意為"迷人之處"，也可用beauty。7.使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界：untilyourspiritssoarupandupintoasublimeaestheticrealm。8.利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室：翻譯時用了tuckedaway和nestled，比用built要形象、優(yōu)美得多。9.讓人們小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是讓人們休息、娛樂的迷人場所。"10.禮儀之邦:即是"一個很講究禮儀的地方"，"很重禮節(jié)"為重復(fù)，不譯。11.當(dāng)有客來訪：是"凡來了客人"的重復(fù)，可不譯。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容，加上beforeservingtea，使上下銜接貼切自然。12.征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客：可理解為"詢問來客他們最喜歡什么茶葉，然后用最合適的茶具給客人敬茶"。13.主人在陪伴客人飲茶時：譯為inthecourseofservingtea,與前面beforeservingtea相呼應(yīng)。14.主人在陪伴客人飲茶時……水溫適宜：這句話較長，譯者同樣根據(jù)其意思的層次，把它分成了兩個完整的句子來翻譯。15.隨喝隨添：andthusthecupiskeptfilled或者andinthiswaythecupiskeptfilled。16.茶食：意思為"點(diǎn)心、小吃"。17.達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點(diǎn)心之功效："點(diǎn)心"為方言"點(diǎn)饑、充饑"的意思。8、中國園林可分為御花園和私家花園兩類。前者多見于北方，后者則多見于南方，尤以蘇州，無錫和南京三地為盛。南方私家花園中的溪、橋、山、亭小巧玲瓏，布局精明，盡顯其自然美，令人賞心悅目。橋大多為石橋，有直橋，曲橋，拱橋。直橋其實是一塊不加裝飾的石板，通常與河岸或河水齊高，給人一種臨水的感覺。曲橋設(shè)有低欄桿，西湖上的九曲橋就屬此橋。拱橋可以分為單拱橋和多拱橋兩種。園內(nèi)的小溪雖占地不多，卻同小橋與石嶼相得益彰，渾然一體。石頭與假山是中國南方園林的特色。奇形怪狀的石頭常帶有引人注目的波紋，線條和水孔。碩大的石頭可自成一景，而較小石塊則堆積成假山，為園林增添無比魅力。走廊是中國園林的另一大特色。有河邊的河廊，花叢中的花廊，柳樹叢中的柳廊,竹林中的竹廊。對客人來說，這些走廊可謂是優(yōu)秀導(dǎo)游。在一座大花園里沿走廊而行，可以觀賞園內(nèi)的各處景觀。形態(tài)各異的窗戶點(diǎn)綴在走廊上，有方形，有圓形，有六角形，也有八角形。許多窗戶的圖案也都裝飾的非常美麗。游客可以透過這些艷麗多彩的走廊窗戶，將園內(nèi)的佳景盡收眼底。園林的大門同窗戶一樣也雕刻成各種形狀，給環(huán)境帶來了生氣，增添了雅趣。花園中的墻壁多粉刷成白色。隱秘在花叢，樹叢，小山叢中的白墻與灰瓦褐窗形成強(qiáng)烈的反差。白墻上樹影婆娑，池塘中柳枝齊舞。在園中徜徉的游客也許能在這世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安寧。9、Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemofChinesetraditionalculture.Asweallknow,thefinecultureofanationdoesn’tbelongtothenationaloneanditwillbespreadtotherestoftheworldandsharedbyallhumanity.//TheChineseWushuAssociationandInternationalWushuFederation(IWUF)havebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmaketheChinesemartialartclosertotheOlympicMovement.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.//TheboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantChinesewushumastersovertheyears.//Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Weshu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soombecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworld,andamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.Aschinaisrisingasapoliticalandeconomicworldpower,thankstoitsthree-decadereformandopeningup,moreandmorepeopleinoverseascountriesstarttolearnChineseandturntoaConfuciusInstituteintheirowncountriesastheirfirstchoicelearningChineselanguageandChineseculture.//Duringthelearningprocess,thelearnersconcurrentlydeveloptheirinterestinthisancientland,whosecivilizationissovastlydifferentfromtheirs.AndthelearnershaveopportunitiestolearnaboutChinesephilosophy,art,architecture,medicineandcateringcultureandexperiencefirst-handthesplendorsofthisvenerablecivilization.Asthesecondculture,Chineseculturehasenrichedthelifeandworldoutlookofthelearners.Thistrend,sotospeak,isgatheringmomentumandistheretostay.ApartfromtheirloveforChinesecuisine,moreandmoreAmericanlearnersofChineselanguageareturningtoChineseacupuncture,herbalmedicines,martialarts.//Theyarealsointerestedinkongfufilms,fashionsandcrafts.Seeminglyoutlandishwordssuchasdimsum,ginseng,gingko,oolongchahavecreptintotheireverydaylanguage.ThelatestChineseculturaliconstomakeitsimpactthereareTaoism,andancientschoolofthought,andfengshui,anancientartofplacement.TherecreationalactivitiesduringtheSpringFestivalarevariedandcolorful.TheDagonDanceandLionDancearetraditionallyperformedduringthefestival.Walkingonstiltsisanothertraditionalperformanceeventpopularinchina.Nowadays,withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,peoplehavetakenupnewwaystocelebratetheNewYear.Nomatterwhatchangetheremightbe,thehighlightsoftheSpringFestivalwillremainthesame:hopingforapropitiousandhappynewyear.Eachfamilywillcleanupthehouseandputupanantitheticalcoupletoneachsideofthedoor.Dressedupintheirbest,peoplewillgettogether,treateachothertothemostdeliciousfoodsandexchangeauspiciousgreetings.Mostimportantofall,theSpringFestivalistheoccasionforafamilyreunion.PeopleawayfromhomeforvariousreasonswillalwaystrytheirbesttocomebackbeforetheNewYear’Eve,inordertohavethemostimportantdinnerintheyear,familyreuniondinner.10、【參考譯文1】TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.ItbelievesthatenvironmentalprotectionhasabearingontheoverallsituationofChina?smodernizationdriveanditslong-termdevelopmentandthatitisanundertakingwhichwillnotonlybenefittheChinesepeopleoftodaybutalsobringbenefittotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.TheChinesegovernmenthasestablishedenvironmentalprotectionasabasicnationalpolicy.Whilepromotingeconomicgrowth,ithasadoptedaseriesofmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.Especiallyinrecentyears,adheringtotheprincipleofpreventionfirst,comprehensivecontrol,entirepush-onandkey-pointbreakthrough,Chinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstosolvethoseoutstandingenvironmentalproblemsthatthreatenpeople?shealth.Ithaspersistedininstitutionalinnovation,reliedontechnologicaladvances,strengthenedtheroleoflawinenvironmentalprotectionandbroughtintofullplaytheinitiativeofvarioussectorsofthesociety.Thankstotheseefforts,thetrendtowardaggravatedenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionhassloweddown,pollutioncontrolinsomeriverbasinshasachievedsomeinitialsuccess,theenvironmentalqualityofsomecitiesandregionshasimprovedtosomeextent,andthepeople?sawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionhasincreasedfurther.【參考譯文2】TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.ItbelievesthatenvironmentalprotectionwillhaveadirectimpactontheoverallsituationofChina'smodernizationdriveanditslong-termdevelopment,andconsidersenvironmentalprotectionanundertakingthatwillnotonlybenefittheChinesepeopleoftodaybutalsotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yearsago,theChinesegovernmentestablishedenvironmentalprotectionasabasicnationalpolicyandsustainabledevelopmentasanimportantstrategy,andhasadheredtotheroadofanewtypeofindustrialization.Whilepromotingeconomicgrowth,ithasadoptedawholearrayofmeasurestostrengthenenvironmentalprotection.Especiallyinrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasadheredtofocusingonpreventivemeasures,comprehensivecontrolandoverallprogresswithbreakthroughsatsomekeypoints,andworkedhardtosolveconspicuousenvironmentalproblemsthreateningpeople'shealth.Atthesametime,ithascontinueditseffortsforinstitutionalinnovation,reliedonscientificandtechnologicaladvances,strengthenedthelegalsystemofenvironmentalprotection,andbroughtintofullplaytheinitiativeofpeopleofallwalksoflife.Thankstotheseefforts,althoughtheamountofresourceconsumptionandpollutantsisincreasinggreatly,thetrendtowardaggravatedenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionisslowingdown;especially,environmentalpollutioncontrolinsomerivervalleyshasseensomepositiveresults,theenvironmentalqualityofsomecitiesandregionshasimproved,andthepeople'sawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionhasenhanced.【評析】1.“高度重視”除可譯為attachgreatimportanceto，外，亦可譯為set（或put/lay）great/highstoreby/on、lay（或put/place）stresson/upon、giveprominenceto和thinkhighlyof。2.haveabearingon?需牢記，該短語的含義是tohaveaneffectorinfluenceonsth.。3.“基本國策”的譯法basicnational/statepolicy需牢記。4.“突出（的）”也可以譯為salient。5.“社會各方面”兩種譯文處理方法不同，均可參考。peopleofallwalksoflife系固定搭配。6.bringsth.intofullplay系固定搭配，用來翻譯“發(fā)揮……的積極性”很妥帖。7.“經(jīng)過努力”切不可字對字死譯，否則必是中式英語。譯為Thankstotheseefforts,才是準(zhǔn)確的譯文。8.“進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)”譯為hasincreasedfurther不如譯為hasenhanced簡潔、地道?！緟⒖甲g文】ThetraditionalChineseculture,bothextensiveandprofound,startsfarbackandrunsalong,longcourse.Morethan2,000yearsagothereemergedinChinaConfucianismrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius,Taoism,representedbyLaoZiandZhuangZi,andmanyothertheoriesanddoctrinesthatfiguredprominentlyinthehistoryofChinesethought,allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm,"themasters'hundredschools."FromConfuciustoDr.SunYat-sen,thetraditionalChineseculturepresentsmanypreciousideasandqualities,whichareessentiallypopulistanddemocratic.Forexample,theylaystressontheimportanceofkindnessandloveinhumanrelations,ontheinterestofthecommunity,andontheideathattheworldisforall,especiallyonpatriotismasembodiedinthesaying,"everybodyisresponsiblefortheriseorfallofthecountry;"andlongsufferingandhardworkingdiligenceandfrugalityinhouseholdmanagement,andrespectingteachersandvaluingeducation.Allthesehaveplayedagreatroleinbindingandregulatingthefamily,thecountryandthesociety.【評析】1.“中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長?！毕档湫偷闹髦^結(jié)構(gòu)，再仔細(xì)分析，可以做如下轉(zhuǎn)化：“中華民族博大精深的傳統(tǒng)文化源遠(yuǎn)流長?！睋?jù)此將bothextensiveandprofound作為后置定語譯出。整句層次分明，一氣呵成。此例具有代表性。2.“早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說，以及其他許多也在中國思想史上有地位的學(xué)說和學(xué)派。”這是漢語中典型的“無主句”，翻譯時可選用英語中的there＋emerge句型譯出。3.“孔子”和“孟子”及后文的“孫中山”皆有定譯，絕不可用漢語拼音翻譯。4.“這就是有名的諸子百家?！彪m然在原文中系一句話，但在英譯文中卻可以作為前一句的附加成分，所以處理為allbeingcoveredbythefamousterm,"themasters'hundredschools."。5.“許多人民性和民主性的好東西”是在描述“許多珍品”的性質(zhì)，二者決不是并列關(guān)系，“人民性”和“民主性”可分別處理為形容詞populist和democratic，由于前文已提及“珍品”，所以同義詞“好東西”自然可以省略不譯。6.“天下為公”和“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”均為常見熟語，考生對這類熟語的英譯應(yīng)有較多積累。7.“起到……的作用”可以用playarole/partindoingsth.對譯。【參考譯文】Manyexpertsholdtheideathatthehighestpriorityinthereformofeducationsystemshouldbegiventotheimprovementandreformincurriculumandexaminationsysteminordertoavoidagenerationpayingundueattentiontotextbooks.Theypointedoutthatthekeyofthereformintheeducationsystemisawell-sharedawarenessthatthehighandprimaryeducationsarethere,insteadofsimplyofferingtheknowledgeimportanttothe