2023-2024學年北京市懷柔區(qū)高二上學期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市懷柔區(qū)2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試英語試卷第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThestoryofJenniferBrickerisoneofthemostamazingstory,whichisfullofbothgreatsurprisesandlifelessons.JenniferwasborninRomaniawithoutanylegs.Shewaslater____1____byalovingAmericanfamily,theBrickers,andraisedinthesmalltownofHardinville,Illinois.TheBrickersneverletthis____2____stopherfromachievingherdreams.Hernewparentsgaveherasimplerule,“Neversaycan’t”!Theydidwhatevertheycouldtomakeherlifeasuccess.Thegirlwas____3____justliketheBrickers’ownchildren.Shewasencouragedtoplaywiththeothernormalboysandgirlsandbecamegoodatmany____4____,includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.Butitwastumbling(翻騰運動)thatwashertruelove.Whenshewasalittlegirl,shewasabig____5____oftheOlympicgoldmedalistDominqueMoceanu.ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu____6____inthetumblingprogramsandcontinuepracticingafterwards.AsshegrewolderJenniferbegan____7____againstprofessionaltumblingathletesaroundIllinois.Notonlydidshecompete,butsheevenwentontobecomeaStateChampion!Jenniferandherfamilyalwaysbelievedshecoulddowhatevershewantedtoandthatherpositiveattitudeandhardworkwouldmakeitanother____8____.Ifherstorywasnotamazingenoughalready,whenJenniferturned16,shegotthemost____9____newsinherlife.ShelearnedthatherbelovedDominqueMoceanuwasactuallyherbiologicalsister!NowJenniferistouringthecountryasa(n)_____10_____speakertoencouragemoredisabledyoungsters.1.A.adopted B.injured C.sold D.seen2.A.disability B.gift C.excuse D.failure3.A.signedup B.broughtup C.putup D.keptup4.A.roles B.instruments C.sports D.tricks5.A.audience B.athlete C.member D.fan6.A.performed B.appeared C.hosted D.challenged7.A.competing B.fighting C.acting D.going8.A.pity B.topic C.challenge D.success9.A.disturbing B.popular C.unbelievable D.reliable10.A.fluent B.loud C.silent D.inspiring【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是先天無腿的詹妮弗·布里克在父母的鼓勵下積極參加體育鍛煉，并參加州運動會而最終成為冠軍的故事，而且她的故事充滿了驚奇，她還進行全國巡回演講激勵那些殘疾青少年?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，她被一個充滿愛心的美國家庭布里克收養(yǎng)，并在伊利諾伊州哈丁維爾的小鎮(zhèn)上長大。A.adopted收養(yǎng)；B.injured受傷；C.sold賣；D.seen看見。根據(jù)下文中的“Thegirlwas________justliketheBrickers’ownchildren.”可知，她像布里克家自己的孩子一樣，由此可推斷，此空指的是她是被布里克家“收養(yǎng)”的。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：布里克夫婦從未讓這種殘疾阻止她實現(xiàn)夢想。A.disability殘疾；B.gift禮物；C.excuse借口；D.failure失敗。根據(jù)上文中的“JenniferwasborninRomaniawithoutanylegs.”可知，詹妮弗天生沒有腿，由此可推斷，此處指的是布里克一家沒有讓“殘疾”阻礙她實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個女孩就像布里克家自己的孩子一樣被撫養(yǎng)長大。A.signedup報名；B.broughtup培養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)；C.putup張貼；D.keptup維持。根據(jù)語境和下文中的“Shewasencouragedtoplaywiththeothernormalboysandgirlsandbecamegoodatmany_______,includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.”可知，她被鼓勵和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，由此可知，此處指的是她被像其他孩子一樣被“培養(yǎng)”。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她被鼓勵和其他正常的男孩和女孩一起玩耍，并擅長許多運動，包括排球、壘球和籃球。A.roles角色；B.instruments樂器；C.sports運動；D.tricks詭計。根據(jù)語境和下文中的“includingvolleyball,softballandbasketball.”可知，此處指的是“體育運動”符合語境。故選C項。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當她還是個小女孩的時候，她是奧運會金牌得主DominqueMoceanu的忠實粉絲。A.audience聽眾；B.athlete運動員；C.member成員；D.fan粉絲。根據(jù)上文中的“Butitwastumbling(翻騰運動)thatwashertruelove.”可知，翻騰運動是詹妮弗的真愛，結合下文“ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu_______inthetumblingprogramsandcontinuepracticingafterwards.”可知，無論何時電視上有DominqueMoceanu的翻騰運動的節(jié)目，她都會去模仿，由此可推斷，她是DominqueMoceanu的“粉絲”。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每當DominqueMoceanu出現(xiàn)在電視的翻騰運動節(jié)目中，她都會模仿她，然后繼續(xù)練習。A.performed表演，執(zhí)行；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.hosted主辦；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“ShewouldcopyheronTVwheneverDominqueMoceanu”可知，詹妮弗都要去模仿DominqueMoceanu的翻騰運動，由此可推斷，此處指的是每次DominqueMoceanu“出現(xiàn)”在電視節(jié)目中。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，詹妮弗開始參加伊利諾斯州的專業(yè)翻騰運動運動比賽。A.competing競爭，參加比賽；B.fighting戰(zhàn)斗；C.acting表演；D.going去，走。根據(jù)下文中的“Notonlydidshecompete,butsheevenwentontobecomeaStateChampion!”可知，她不僅要參加比賽，而且她甚至成為了州冠軍，由此可知，此處為“參加比賽”符合語境。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：詹妮弗和她的家人一直相信她可以做任何她想做的事，她積極的態(tài)度和努力的工作將使她再次成功。A.pity可惜；B.topic話題；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.success成功。根據(jù)上文中的“Jenniferandherfamilyalwaysbelievedshecoulddowhatevershewantedtoandthatherpositiveattitudeandhardworkwouldmakeit”可知，詹妮弗和她的家人始終相信她積極的態(tài)度以及刻苦的訓練會使人“成功”符合語境。故選D項。【9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果她的故事還不夠神奇的話，當詹妮弗16歲的時候，她得到了生命中最令人難以置信的消息。A.disturbing令人不安的；B.popular受歡迎的；C.unbelievable難以置信的；D.reliable可靠的。根據(jù)下文中的“ShelearnedthatherbelovedDominqueMoceanuwasactuallyherbiologicalsister!”可知，她了解到她崇拜的偶像DominqueMoceanu竟是她的姐姐，由此可知，此處應為這是一個“難以置信的”消息。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在詹妮弗作為一個鼓舞人心的演講者在全國巡回演講，鼓勵更多的殘疾青少年。A.fluent流利的；B.loud聲音大的；C.silent沉默的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根據(jù)語境和下文中的“toencouragemoredisabledyoungsters.”可知，詹妮弗全國演講鼓勵更多的殘疾青少年，由此可知推斷，此處指的是她作為一名“鼓舞人心的”演講者，符合語境。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。IrememberGrahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehavior.OnceIcaughthimandhisfriendsseeingwhocouldjumpthefarthestofftheschoolstage!Butwhenhegotinterested,hechanged.Thefirstdayhewalkedintomyclass,he____11____(drag)hisschoolbagbehindhimandlookingbored,butassoonasIsetupanexperiment____12____(show)howthehumanstomachworksusingacidandanonion,hegavemehisfullattention.IthappenedearlyonaFridaymorning.Tina,asixteen-year-oldgirlcametoschoolasusual.Butwhensheenteredtheclassroom,she____13____(find)herteacheronthefloor,unconscious.Tinaquicklynoticedthatherteacherwaswearingabracelet____14____saidshehaddiabetes,Tinaphonedtheemergencyservicesandtoldthemwhatshe____15____(justsee).Afewdaysago,Iwentoutforadinnerget-togetherwithsomefriends.Mybestfriendleftthetablefor30____16____(minute)becausehehadtotakeacall.Somespentthedinnerbentovertheirphones,____17____(text)friendsonlinebutignoringtheoneswhosatrightinfrontofthem.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving____18____(comfortable)andearningenoughmoney,theywillhavenoworries.However,mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough.JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle,andhediscoveredthat____19____(have)onlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast?“No,I’mmuch_____20_____(happy)nowbecauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife”【答案】11.wasdragging12.toshow13.found14.which##that15.hadjustseen16.minutes17.texting18.comfortably19.having20.happier【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章分別講述了Graham在學校的表現(xiàn)、Tina發(fā)現(xiàn)老師倒在地上不省人事，于是把老師送到醫(yī)院，許多人沉迷于網(wǎng)絡社交而忽略身邊人，以及JasonHarley放棄自己富足生活的個人經(jīng)歷。【11題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：第一天，他拖著書包走進我的教室，一副無聊的樣子，但當我用酸和洋蔥布置了一個實驗來展示人類胃是如何工作的時候，他就全神貫注地聽我說了。結合語境可知，此處表示過去某個時刻動作正在進行，應用過去進行時，主語為he，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wasdragging?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：第一天，他拖著書包走進我的教室，一副無聊的樣子，但當我用酸和洋蔥布置了一個實驗來展示人類胃是如何工作的時候，他就全神貫注地聽我說了。分析句子結構可知show在句中作目的狀語應用不定式。故填toshow?！?3題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：但當她走進教室時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的老師倒在地板上，不省人事?？仗帪橹骶渲^語動詞，根據(jù)上文“Butwhensheenteredtheclassroom”可知，發(fā)生在過去用一般過去時。故填found。【14題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：蒂娜很快注意到她的老師戴著一個手鐲，上面寫著她患有糖尿病。蒂娜打電話給急救中心，告訴他們她剛剛看到的情況。定語從句修飾先行詞bracelet，代替先行詞在從句作主語，應用關系代詞which/that作引導詞，故填which/that?！?5題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：蒂娜打電話給急救中心，告訴他們她剛剛看到的情況?？仗帪橘e語從句的謂語動詞，see發(fā)生在told之前，即“過去的過去”，應用過去完成時。故填hadjustseen。【16題詳析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：我最好的朋友離開了30分鐘，因為他要去接一個電話。minute為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上文30可知應用復數(shù)形式。故填minutes?！?7題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：一些人在晚餐時低頭看手機，在網(wǎng)上給朋友發(fā)短信，卻無視坐在他們面前的人。句中已有謂語動詞spent，空處應填非謂語動詞，分析句子結構text與邏輯主語Some構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填texting?！?8題詳析】考查副詞。句意：大多數(shù)人認為當他們生活舒適，賺足夠的錢時，他們就沒有煩惱了。修飾動詞live應用副詞comfortably，故填comfortably?！?9題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：杰森·哈利決定放棄這種生活方式，他發(fā)現(xiàn)只有一點點錢就能讓他自由。作賓語從句的主語，陳述一般性情況，應用動名詞形式。故填having。【20題詳析】考查比較級。句意：不，我現(xiàn)在快樂多了，因為我按照自己的價值觀生活。根據(jù)much以及句意“快樂多了”可知應用比較級happier作表語。故填happier。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AExploreyourworld—MirthyOnlineeventstohelpyoudiscover,learnandconnectWhoisMirthy?Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearn,share,andconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.It’sallaboutfulfilmentandwellbeing.Therearesomeonlineeventseachmonthtotry,fromcraftworkshops(手工工坊)tofitnesssessions.Forexample,accordingtooureventcalendar,thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.Sowhetheryouhaveadesiretogetfitterortopickupanewskill—signingupforclassesandeventswithMirthycouldbejustwhatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Howdoesitwork?SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatM.Thenyoucantakealookthroughthecalendarofupcomingeventsandseewhattakesyourfancy.Onceyouregisterforanevent,youwillthenreceivealinkonemailreadyforyoutojointheliveevent.Ifyourplanschangeandyoucan’tmakeit,youwillreceivealinkfora7-dayreplaythatyoucanwatchatatimethatisconvenientforyou!Bestofall,it’scompletelyFREEtojoin!JoinMirthyforfreetoday,andyoucanenjoyany4eventseverymonth,forfree!Ifyou’reupformore,thenyoucaneitherselectandbookadditionaleventsonapay-as-you-gobasis,normallyfor￡2.99each,oryoucanupgradetothePremiummembershipgivingyoufullfreeaccesstoalleventsforonly￡4.99permonth.IfyouchoosetogoforthePremiummembership,there’snocontract.Yousimplyupgradeyourmembershipandyoucancancelanytime.21.Mirthyisintendedto_________.A.improvepeople’sfitness B.organizesociableeventsC.providecraftworkshops D.createanonlinecommunity22.WhatcanpeopledoatMirthythisweek?A.Makeartcrafts. B.Talkaboutfitnessexperience.C.Learnsongs. D.Studywildplantsandanimals.23.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMirthy?A.Peoplecansignupfortheeventsonline.B.Theeventscanbewatchedagainatanytime.C.Peoplecanupgradetheirmembershipforfree.D.Nomorethan4eventsareofferedeachmonth.24.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tosharealifestyle.B.Torecommendawebsite.C.Tointroduceonlineevents.D.Toexplainaregistrationprocess.【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。Mirthy是最受歡迎的在線活動網(wǎng)站之一，已經(jīng)受到45000多人的喜愛和信任。文章對這個網(wǎng)站進行了推廣和宣傳?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoisMirthy?中“Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45,000people.Itwasdesignedtocreateaninclusivecommunitywherepeoplecanlearn,share,andconnectwithothersthroughavarietyofeventsthatareactive,sociable,anduplifting.(Mirthy是最受歡迎的在線活動網(wǎng)站之一，已經(jīng)受到超過45,000人的喜愛和信任。它旨在創(chuàng)造一個包容性的社區(qū)，人們可以通過各種活躍、社交和令人振奮的活動來學習、分享和與他人聯(lián)系。)”可知，Mirthy的目的是創(chuàng)建一個在線社區(qū)。故選D?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoisMirthy?標題下第二段“Forexample，accordingtooureventcalendar，thisweekyoucanattendgardeningclassesandsinginglessons.(例如，根據(jù)我們的活動日歷，本周你可以參加園藝課和歌唱課。)”可知，本周人們可以在Mirthy學習歌曲。故選C?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howdoesitwork?標題下第一段“SignupviatheonlineregistrationformatM.（通過M的在線注冊表注冊。）”可知，人們可以在線報名參加Mirthy的活動。故選A。【24題詳析】目的意圖題。根據(jù)標題Exploreyourworld—Mirthy（探索你的世界——Mirthy）和第一段“Mirthyisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesforonlineeventsandalreadylovedandtrustedbymorethan45，000people.（Mirthy是最受歡迎的在線活動網(wǎng)站之一，已經(jīng)受到45000多人的喜愛和信任。）”可知，這篇文章的目的是推薦一個網(wǎng)站。故選B。BTheWellthatChangedtheWorldAsasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwasveryclose—onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhavetowalktenkilometerstogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?”YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”Atfirst,hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.Hecleanedwindowsanddidgardeningforhisfamilyandneighbors.Hesoonreachedhisfirsttarget(目標)of$70,butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity,hewastoldthatitactuallycost$2,000tobuildawell.Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.Atthesametime,afriendofRyan’smotherhelpedmakehisstorygopublic.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000,withwhichawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolnolongerneededtowalkforhourstogetwater.Theyweregratefultohimandinvitedhimtovisit.InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.Theysanganddancedhappily.Someevenofferedhimfoodandgifts.AtfirstRyanwasnervous,butsoongreatwarmthfilledhim.Hereallyhadmadeadifferenceforthesechildren.Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.Later,Ryan’sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundation(基金會)toencouragemorepeopletohelp.Manyinspiredpeoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan’sfoundationcontinuestoattractsupportfrommoreandmorepeople,sotheworkofbuildingmorewellscangoon.Today,over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthelife-changinggiftofclean,safewater.25.ThefollowingstatementsmakeRyandecidetohelpstudentsindevelopingAfricancountries,EXCEPT_________.A.Ryanhastroublesunderstandingthewordsspokenbyteachers.B.Manystudentsaresufferingfromsicknesscausedbydirtywater.C.Ryanthoughtlifeshouldn’tbesohardforthemwhilehisiseasy.D.Manystudentshavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanandsafewater.26.HowdidRyanraisemoneytobuildawellafterfinishinghisfirsttarget?A.Byaskinghisteacherandfriends’parentsforhelp.B.Bypersuadingpeoplearoundhimtodonatemoney.C.Bysettingupapublicfoundationtoattractsupport.D.Bydoingsomeworkforhisfamilyandneighbors.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRyan?A.Kind-heartedanddetermined. B.Humorousandambitious.C.Braveandgenerous. D.Gratefulandhardworking.【答案】25.A26.B27.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一個六歲的加拿大男孩瑞安如何通過自己的努力和堅持，幫助非洲的孩子們獲得干凈的飲用水的故事。【25題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwasveryclose—onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhavetowalktenkilometerstogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?”YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”(作為一個六歲的加拿大小學生，瑞安很難相信他的老師說的話：在欠發(fā)達的非洲國家，許多人都喝不到足夠的干凈的水。他的目光掠過教室，望向對面噴泉式的飲水機。它非常近——只有十步之遙。所以，瑞安問自己：“為什么一些非洲的孩子每天要步行十公里去取水？為什么水會那么臟，以至于他們喝了會生病？”小瑞安想：“生活對我來說很容易，但對那些人來說很難。我為什么不幫忙？”)”可知，瑞安想要幫助非洲國家的孩子是因為很多非洲的孩子因為喝了不干凈的水而生病，他們要走很遠的路才能喝到干凈的水以及他認為他們的生活不應該那么艱難，而他的生活卻很輕松；選項A.Ryanhastroublesunderstandingthewordsspokenbyteachers.(瑞安不能理解老師說的話)，瑞安不是不能理解老師說的話，而是聽到老師說很多非洲孩子喝不到足夠的飲用水而感到驚訝，難以置信，所以A選項不正確，不是瑞安想要幫助非洲國家孩子的原因；選項B.Manystudentsaresufferingfromsicknesscausedbydirtywater.(很多學生因為喝了不干凈的水而生病)，所以B選項正確，是瑞安想要幫助非洲國家孩子的原因；選項C.Ryanthoughtlifeshouldn’tbesohardforthemwhilehisiseasy.(瑞安認為他們的生活不應該那么艱難，而他的生活卻很輕松)，所以C選項正確，是瑞安想要幫助非洲國家孩子的原因；選項D.Manystudentshavetowalkalongwaytogetcleanandsafewater.(很多學生不得不步行很遠才能得到干凈和安全的飲用水)，所以D選項正確，是瑞安想要幫助非洲國家孩子的原因。綜上所述，選項A不是瑞安想要幫助非洲國家孩子的原因。故選A。【26題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.(兩千美元是很大一筆錢，但是瑞安沒有放棄。他開始向同學和鄰居尋求幫助，并說服他們捐款)”可知，瑞安是通過說服周圍的人捐款來建造水井。故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“YoungRyanthought,“Lifeiseasyforme,buthardforthosepeople.Whydon’tIhelp?”(小瑞安想：“生活對我來說很容易，但對那些人來說很難。我為什么不幫忙？”)”以及第三段“Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,butRyandidn’tgiveup.Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighborsandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.(兩千美元是很大一筆錢，但是瑞安沒有放棄。他開始向同學和鄰居尋求幫助，并說服他們捐款)”可知，瑞安是一個心地善良且意志堅定的人。故選A。CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis(合成)ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis.Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme(酶)catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute.Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Bycontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbondioxideintosugars.TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar.D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon.C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson.D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.【答案】28.C29.C30.C【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文，文章講述了中國科學家最近在實驗室中實現(xiàn)了用二氧化碳精確合成糖，標志著人工糖合成邁出了關鍵一步?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.(此外，由于土地退化和短缺、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化以及全球變暖導致的極端天氣和自然災害，原料供應不確定，影響了提取糖的過程)”及文章第四段“Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.(因此，近年來，人工糖的合成一直受到科學界的不斷研究，世界各地的科學家都為這一努力做出了貢獻)”可知，傳統(tǒng)的糖提取過程中原料供應不可靠，所以科學家一直研究人工糖合成。故選C項?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.(在這項研究中，糖的合成效率為每小時0.67克每升，比全球科學家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上。楊教授說，二氧化碳轉化為糖的葡萄糖轉化率達到每毫克催化劑每分鐘59.8納摩爾的碳。這是國內和國際上已知的人造糖產(chǎn)量的最高水平)”可知，二氧化碳轉化為糖的葡萄糖轉化率濃度高，糖的合成效率為每小時0.67克每升，比全球科學家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上，所以中國科學家的研究意義重大，是因為它將高濃度的二氧化碳轉化為糖。故選C項。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfield(Reetz說，中國科學家的這一成就提供了一種靈活、多功能和高效的糖合成途徑，為綠色化學打開了一扇門。綠色化學，類似于可持續(xù)化學，是一個快速發(fā)展的領域)”及最后一段“Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.(二氧化碳到糖的轉化被視為綠色化學的一個例子，因為它是在常溫常壓條件下進行的，不產(chǎn)生任何有害物質)”可知，二氧化碳精確合成糖為綠色化學打開了一扇門，它是一個快速發(fā)展的領域，可得出綠色化學是中國科學家將投入更多努力的一個新領域。故選C項。DTeenswhohavegood,supportiverelationshipswiththeirteachersenjoybetterhealthasadults,accordingtoaresearch.“Thisresearchsuggeststhatimprovingstudents’relationshipswithteacherscouldhaveimportant,positiveandlong-lastingeffectsbeyondjustacademicsuccess,”saidJinhoKim,theauthorofthestudy.“Itcouldalsobringaboutimportanthealthbenefitsinthelongrun.”Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutcomesinadulthood—perhapsbecausepoorrelationshipscanleadtochronicstresswhichcanraiseaperson’sriskofhealthproblemsoverthelifespan,accordingtoKim.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscertainlycauseandeffect—itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationshipproblemsinadolescenceandpoorhealthinadulthood.Also,mostresearchhasfocusedonteensrelationshipswiththeirpeers,ratherthanontheirrelationshipswithteachers.Toexplorethosequestionsfurther,Kimanalyzeddataonnearly20,000participantsfromtheAddHealthstudy,anationalstudythatfollowedparticipantsfor13years,fromseventhgradeintoearlyadulthood.Theparticipantsincludedmorethan3,400pairsofbrothersandsisters.Asteens,participantsansweredquestions,like“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithotherstudents?”“Howmuchdoyouagreethatfriendscareaboutyou?”“Howoftenhaveyouhadtroublegettingalongwithyourteachers?”and“Howmuchdoyouagreethatteacherscareaboutyou?”Asadults,participantswereaskedabouttheirphysicalandmentalhealth.Researchersalsotookmeasuresofphysicalhealth,suchasbloodpressureandBMI(體質指數(shù)).Kimfoundthat,asexpected,participantswhohadreportedbetterrelationshipswithboththeirpeersandteachersinmiddleschoolandhighschoolalsoreportedbetterphysicalandmentalhealthintheirmid-20s.However,whenhecontrolledforfamilybackgroundbylookingatpairsofbrothersandsisters,onlythelinkbetweengoodteacherrelationshipsandadulthealthremainedsignificant.Theresultssuggestthatteacherrelationshipsareevenmoreimportantthanpreviouslyrealizedandthatschoolsshouldinvestintrainingteachersonhowtobuildwarmandsupportiverelationshipswiththeirstudents,accordingtoKim.31.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecanknowthat________.A.teenrelationshipswithteacherswerenotstudiedbefore.B.familybackgroundisthemainfactorinimprovingmentalhealth.C.teenrelationshipisnottheonlyfactorthataffectsthelifetimehealth.D.relationshipproblemsinadolescencecancausepoorhealthinadulthood.32.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheresearchwasdone B.WhatquestionswereexploredC.Howphysicalhealthwasmeasured D.Whatkindofparticipantswerestudied33.AccordingtoKim’sfindings,wecaninferthat________.A.Goodadulthealthdependsonteens’goodteachers.B.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothestudentsrelationshipswithteachers.C.Theimportanceofstudent-teacherrelationshipswasfullyrealizedbefore.D.Participantsreportedbetterrelationshipswiththeirteachersandbetterhealthasadults.34.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.A.familysurvey B.AmedicalreportC.Atermpaper D.Ahealthmagazine【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹研究表明與老師關系良好，有益于青少年成年時的健康狀況。【31題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Previousresearchhassuggestedthatteens’socialrelationshipsmightbelinkedtohealthoutcomesinadulthood—perhapsbecausepoorrelationshipscanleadtochronicstresswhichcanraiseaperson’sriskofhealthproblemsoverthelifespan,accordingtoKim.However,itisnotclearwhetherthelinkbetweenteenrelationshipsandlifetimehealthiscertainlycauseandeffect—itcouldbethatotherfactors,suchasdifferentfamilybackgrounds,mightcontributetobothrelationsh