考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷255

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷255

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Itwasclearthatthestormhisarrivalbytwohours.

A、retarded

B、retrieved

C、refrained

D^retreated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：relarded阻礙，阻止，減慢；retrieved找

回，恢復(fù)；refrained節(jié)制，制止；retreated撤退。句意是，很顯然，暴風(fēng)雨使得他

推遲了兩個(gè)小時(shí)才到達(dá)。根據(jù)句子意思推出正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。例句J「下：

Shortageoflaborpowerretardedoureconomicdevelopment.（勞動(dòng)力的短缺阻礙/我

們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展v）

2、Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighintohisincome.

A、comparison

proportion

C、association

D、calculation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：inproportion2是固定搭配，表示“依照比例，和...相比“，如：

Thisdoorisnarrowinproportiontoitsheight.（這扇門就其與高度的比例而言窄了

些。）

3、Aloanreferstoanythinggivenonconditionofitsreturnorrepaymentofits

A、excess

debt

C>currency

D、equivalent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題意為“貸款的給予是以所欠貸款的報(bào)酬為前提的B項(xiàng)debt.

“債務(wù)”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)excess“過(guò)度，剩余“，currency“流通”，equivaleni"等價(jià)

物”都不正確。

4、Whyshouldanyonewanttoreadofbooksbygreatauthorswhenthereal

pleasurecomesfromreadingtheoriginals?

A、themes

insights

C、digests

D、leaflets

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：digest”摘要，簡(jiǎn)編”符合題意，如：Thepresidentstartedreadingthe

pressdigestoverbreakfasl.（總統(tǒng)邊用餐邊開(kāi)始閱讀新聞簡(jiǎn)報(bào)。）lheme意為“主題”，

如：Themainthemeoftheplaywasclear.（該劇總的主題是清楚的。）insight意為

“（對(duì)內(nèi)部的）察看或見(jiàn)解"；leaflet意為“傳單，小冊(cè)子”。

5、Hegavehisworktohisfriendto.becausehefoundithardtoseehisownmistakes.

A^adjust

B、compile

C、revise

D、verify

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：adjust意為“調(diào)整”；compile意為“編輯”；revise意為“修改，校訂”；

verify意為“校驗(yàn)，核實(shí)”。本句話意思是：他把工作交給他的朋友去修改，因?yàn)樗?/p>

發(fā)現(xiàn)很難看出自己的錯(cuò)吳。C項(xiàng)符合題意，如：Hewasrevisingwhathehad

written.（他正在修改他所寫(xiě)的東西）。

6、Concernedpeoplewanttotheriskofdevelopingcancer.

A、take

B、decrease

C>minimize

D、claimed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：taketheriskofdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做...：decrease宣布.斷言：minimize

減到最少；claimed聲稱，主張。

7、Nowadays,inthelabormarket,moregraduates,whocanusethecomputer,

communicateinEnglishandgivespecializedknowledge,arewelcome.

A^sophisticated

B>productive

C、flexible

D、versatile

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（versatile多才多藝的）。句意為：如今，勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)歡迎更多具有多

種技能的畢業(yè)生，他們要能夠操作計(jì)算機(jī)，用英語(yǔ)交流并能傳授專業(yè)知識(shí)。

A.sophisticated復(fù)雜的,老練的；B.productive多產(chǎn)的;C.flexible易彎曲的,

靈活的。

8、Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject,.

A^persistenceisneeded

B、persistenceiswhatoneneeds

C、oneneedstobepersistent

D、oneneedsbeapersistentperson

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：tosucceedinascientificresearchproject”要取得科研項(xiàng)目的成功“，此

為不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的，因此應(yīng)選以人作主語(yǔ)的句子C或D,D中的needs為實(shí)

義動(dòng)詞，后面不能跟原形動(dòng)詞，因此C為正確答案。

9、Manysatatthetable,lookedattheplateandherlips.

A^smacked

B、opened

C、parted

D、separated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：smacked“拍，打”；opened"打開(kāi)，公開(kāi)”；

parted”分開(kāi),分離“；sepa—rated”隔離,分散句中詞組smackone'slips,意思是

（饞得）舐嘴唇，垂涎三尺。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)該選擇A。

10、Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthethisyear.

A、request

B、claim

C、requirement

D、demand

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意是：蘋果供過(guò)于求。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：request”要求，請(qǐng)

求“：claim”要求.主張“：requirement"要求.需求"：demand”要求.需求“c根據(jù)

句子意思推出正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

11、Thepresenceofarmedguardsusfromdoinganythingdisruptive.

A、defeated

B、irritated

C、prevented

D、encouraged

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（prevent阻止）。句意為：全副武裝的衛(wèi)兵出現(xiàn)了，我們未能做任何破

壞性的事情。A.defeat擊??；B.irritate激怒，使發(fā)炎；D.encourage鼓勵(lì)。

12、Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfor

theybelievemorewere.

A、ontheverge

B>onthesly

C^onthespot

D^ontheloose

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

13>Hisdesiretootherpeoplehascausedtroubleinhisfamily.

A、please

dominate

C、force

D、urge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：please”使?jié)M足，取悅、'；dominate"支配，占優(yōu)勢(shì)”；

fbrce”促使，推動(dòng)，強(qiáng)迫"；urge“催促，力勸”?？崭裉幍囊馑际牵核胫淦渌?/p>

的愿望已經(jīng)在他的家庭引發(fā)了麻煩。

14、Whilehewasnotdumberthananox,hewasnotanysmarter;somostofhis

classmateswerelenientandhelpedhimalong.

Axhelpful

B、merciful

C、enthusiastic

D、intelligent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：lenient仁慈的，寬大的；helpful有幫助的，有益的；merciful仁慈

的，慈悲的；enthusiastic熱心的，熱情的；intelligent聰明的。

15、ThattragedydistressedmesomuchthatIusedtokeepindoorsandgooutonly

necessity.

A、withinreachof

B、forfearof

C、bymeansof

D、incaseof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)該是“在需要的時(shí)候或萬(wàn)不得已的時(shí)候“，所以用in

caseof表示“假如，萬(wàn)一forfearof生怕，以免；wilhinreachof在可及范圍之

內(nèi)：bymeadsof用，依靠。

16>Weshouldvziththedoctor'srequest.

A、consult

B、conceal

C、consent

D、comply

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)我們應(yīng)該遵照醫(yī)生的要求去做。comply后跟with表示“遵

守”，如：Allthecitizensmustcomplywiththelaw.（一切公民都必須遵守法

律。）consult的意思是“商量”；conceal的意思是“隱瞞"；consent的意思是“同意

consent后不能跟with,應(yīng)跟to。因此正確答案只有D項(xiàng)。

17>Willyou.myarticletofindoutwhetherI'vemadeanymistakes?

A、lookafter

B、lookthrough

C、lookup

D、lookinto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:A.lookafter照看,照顧。B.lookthrough瀏覽。C.lookup查尋。

D.lookinto仔細(xì)檢查，調(diào)查。

18、Theirprofitshavegrownrapidlyinrecentyears,andthisupwardisexpectedto

continue.

A、action

R、increase

C、Tendency

D、movement

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題測(cè)試四個(gè)名詞的不同含義。A項(xiàng)action意為“行為”，B項(xiàng)

increase意為“增加”，C項(xiàng)lendency意為“趨勢(shì)”，D項(xiàng)movemem意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)”，題句

中upward本身已有“向上、上升”的含義，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。

19、Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,symbolicshadowwestand,signed

theEmancipationProclamation.

A、withhis

inwhose

C、byhim

D、ofwhom

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

20、Webroughtatthefootballmatch.

A、sentiments

BNrefreshments

C、regimes

D、regiments

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：refreshment[pl.]茶點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)心；senliment情緒，感情；regime政治制

度，政權(quán)；regiment（軍事）團(tuán)；大量。

21、Pleasedonotbebyhismannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.

A、disregarded

B、distorted

C、irritated

D、intervened

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：irritate使煩；disregard不理會(huì)；distort使變形；曲解；intervene干

預(yù)。句意：請(qǐng)別因?yàn)樗膽B(tài)度生氣，因?yàn)樗褪窃谖齽e人注意力。

22>Itisourpolicythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

A、consistent

B、considerate

C^certain

D、decisive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：木題空格處是說(shuō)我們一貫的政策.A項(xiàng)“consistent一貫的，始終如一

的“符合題意。如：aconsistempatternofbehavior（一貫的行為方式）。其他三項(xiàng)

“considerate考慮周到的；certain確定的；decisive決定性的''都不正確。

23、Fornearly50years,Speckhasbeenaauthor,writing13booksincludingan

autobiographyandnumerousmagazinearticles.

A、prevalent

B、precautious

C>prospective

D、prolific

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

24、Beforeshecouldshout"look"totheoldman,hewasrunbyacarcoining

fromhisleft.

A、back,on

B、out,over

C、up,down

D、ahead,at

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：lookoul的意思是“小心”；rundown的意思是“撞倒，撞翻”。

25>Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation[he

qualityofinterpersonalrelationship.

A、ascends

B>compels

C^enhances

D^prefers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：enhance提高，增強(qiáng)；ascend上升，升高；compel強(qiáng)迫，迫使：prefer

更喜歡，寧愿。

26、Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasuredthehealthandhappinessofits

peopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

A、inlinewith

B>intermsof

C^inregardwith

D、bymeansof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：intermsof在事物某方面,根據(jù)...；inlinewith與一致；in

regardwith關(guān)于，至于；bymeansof用某辦法，借助于某事物。

27、Thisbringsafeelingofemptinessthatcanneverbefilledandleavesuswitha

fbrmore.

A^scarcity

B、command

C、hunger

D^request

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：scarcity缺乏，不足；command支配，指揮，精通；hunger渴望，渴

求，常與for、after連用：request請(qǐng)求，要求。如arequestforhelp（請(qǐng)求幫助）。但

在這里，request不能和leave搭配。根據(jù)句子的含義，只能選hunger。

28、Theinfluxoflargenumbersoftouristshasinfluencedsocialbehaviorandsocial

values,andcausedacertainamountofeffect.

A、attempt

B>overreached

C、defeated

D、adverse

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)，觀光者的大批涌人影響了社會(huì)行為和社會(huì)價(jià)值觀，造成了

一些有害影響。四個(gè)選頃中，A項(xiàng)attempt的意思是“嘗試，企圖”；B項(xiàng)

overreached的意思是"走過(guò)頭”;C項(xiàng)defeated的意思是“擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝”;D項(xiàng)adverse

的意思是“不利的，有害的“，如Anallergyisanadversereactionofthebodyto

certainsubstances（過(guò)敏是身體對(duì)某些物質(zhì)的不良反應(yīng)）。根據(jù)題意，D項(xiàng)為正確答

案。

29、Onlywhenonethepowerfulcurrentofthetimeswillone'slifeshine

brilliantly.

A^dipsinto

B、comesinto

C、dropsinto

D、plungesinto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人跳人時(shí)代強(qiáng)有力的潮流中，他的生命才能燦

爛輝煌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A項(xiàng)dipsinto的意思是“瀏覽.涉獵”；B項(xiàng)comesinto的意

思是“進(jìn)入，得到，繼承，取得“；C項(xiàng)dropsini。的意思是“落入，偶然進(jìn)入，不知

不覺(jué)變得，訓(xùn)斥“；D項(xiàng)plungesinto的意思是“投入，跳入”。根據(jù)題意，D項(xiàng)為正

確答案。

30、Tomdoesn'tthinkthatthesituationhereisasgoodashishometown's.

A、economics

B、economic

C、economy

D、economical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是B。B項(xiàng)的意思是：economic經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的。其

他各選項(xiàng)的意思是：economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。economy經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)約。economical經(jīng)濟(jì)

的，節(jié)約的。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選擇B。

二、閱讀理解(本題共120題，每題1.0分，共120

分。)

TheoldestadulthumanskullyetfoundbelongstothelowestgradeofHomoerectus,and

totheAustraloidline.ItisknownasPithecanthropus(Ape-Man)Number4,becauseit

wasthefourthofitskindtobefound.Allfourwereunearthedinriverbanksincentral

Java.Number4isabout700,000yearsold,andNumbers1,2,and3between600,000and

500,000.Weknowthisbecausetektites—small,glassynodulesfromouterspace-were

foundinthesamebedsasthefirstthree,andthebedscontainingNumber4lay

underneaththetektitebed,alongwiththebonesofamoreancientgroupofanimals.

ThesetektiteshavebeenpickedupinlargenumbersinJava,thePhilippines,and

Australia,wheretheyalltellinasinglecelestialshower.Theirage-approximately

600,000years-hasbeenaccuratelymeasuredinseverallaboratoriesbynuclearchemical

analysis,throughtheso-calledargon-potassiummethod.PithecanthropusNumber4

consistsofthebackpartofaskullanditslowerface,palate,andupperteeth.As

reconstructedbyWeidenreich,itisabrutal-lookingskull,withheavycrestsbehindfbr

powerfulneckmuscleattachments,alargepalate,andlargeteeth,asinapes.Thebrain

sizeofthisskullwasabout900cubiccentimeters;modernhumanbrainsrangefrom

about1,000to2,000ccwithanaverageofabout1,450cc.Thebrainsofapesand

Australopithecinesareabout350to650cc.SoPithecanthropusNumber4was

intermediateinbrainsizebetweenapesandlivingmen.Hisfragmentaryskullwasnot

theonlyfindmadeinthebedsitlayin.Nearbywerefoundthecranialvaultofatwo-

year-oldbaby,alreadydifferentfromthoseoflivinginfants,andapieceofchinlessadult

lowerjaw.Twootherjawshavebeendiscoveredinthesamedepositswhichweremuch

largerthananyintheworldcertainlybelongedtoaHomoerectus.Theyarecalled

Meganthropus（BigMan）andmayhavebelongedtoalocalkindofAustralopithecine,

butthisisnotcertain,Ifso,Homoerectuscoexistedwith,oroverlapped,the

AnstralopithecincsinJavaaswellasinSouthAfrica,whichimpliesthatmandidnot

originateineitherplace,butsomewhereinbetween.

31、Tektitesare.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：玻隕石是清澈透明的由像玻璃的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的碎塊。在第一段我們了解

到玻隕石是很小的、像玻璃的小石塊。

32、Fromthispassage,wcmayconcludethatAustralopithecinesarc.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)這篇短文，我們可以斷定Australopithecines是像猿一樣的動(dòng)物。

在第二段倒數(shù)第二句Australopithecines和apes并列，由此可以猜測(cè)它的意思與

ape（猿）的意思相近。據(jù)陸谷孫主編的《英漢大詞典》（p.106）,Auslralopilhecine意

為“南方古猿

33、ScientistsarecertainthatPithecanthropusNumber4isolderthanPithecanthropus

Numbers1,2,and3because.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：科學(xué)家們深信，4號(hào)猿人比1、2、3號(hào)猿人歷史要悠久，因?yàn)樗谒?/p>

有的玻隕石底下。第一段說(shuō)，含有4號(hào)猿人的巖層連同更古老的一群動(dòng)物的骨頭位

于玻隕石層底下。

34、Theageofprehistoricfossilscanbedeterminedby.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：史前化石時(shí)代是通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)化石的巖層的外在的證據(jù)來(lái)決定的。4號(hào)猿

人的時(shí)代取決于這樣的事實(shí)，它是在一層玻隕石底下發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

35、WemayconcludefromthedataaboutthebrainsizeoftheskullsofPithecanthropus

Numbers1,2,3and4andmodemhumanbrainsthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：我們可以艱據(jù)1、2、3、4號(hào)猿人的頭蓋骨部分大腦的尺寸和現(xiàn)代人

大腦的尺寸的數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論：1號(hào)猿人大腦的尺寸比南方猿人的大腦尺寸要大。第

二段提到了4號(hào)猿人的大腦尺寸，它大約是900立方厘米，而1號(hào)猿人和4號(hào)猿人

屬于同一種類。因此，可以知道1號(hào)猿人的大腦尺寸也大約是900立方厘米。猿人

和南方古猿的大腦尺寸大約是350到650立方厘米，因此1號(hào)猿人的大腦尺寸要比

南方古猿的大腦尺寸要大。

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?

Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalof

scientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponit

rise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstanding,foritsownsake.Understandingofthe

structureoftheatomorthenervecell,theexplosionofaspiralnebulaorthedistribution

ofcosmicdust,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreature

andofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeinto

contactwithoneanother-thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthe

same.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbe

overlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,the

practicalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,

thephysicist,discoveredX-rays,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.Applied

research,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness

becausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspenton

appliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andthe

proportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefunds

devotedtoresearchbyindustry-whichisnaturallytarmoreconcernedwithapplied

aspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly-thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotsto

basicresearchcurrentlyamounttoabout7percentofitsoverallresearchand

developmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariably

tendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,"Developmentswill

inevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytoward

appliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.

Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorresponding

emphasisuponpuresciencetendtodegradethequalityofthenation'stechnologyinthe

longrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

36、Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最能概括本文大意的標(biāo)題是：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)。作者在本文把研

究分為基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，并指出了各自的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)指出了重應(yīng)用研究輕基礎(chǔ)

研究的傾向以及這種傾向可能造成的后果。

37、Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：企業(yè)基本上對(duì)應(yīng)用研究感興趣，因?yàn)樗軌蛄⒖處?lái)利潤(rùn)。作者在第

二段的開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，應(yīng)用研究能解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。它能立刻產(chǎn)生吸引力，因?yàn)檠芯拷Y(jié)果看

得見(jiàn)，摸得著。

38、Basicresearchisvitalbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)0析：基礎(chǔ)研究至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗鼮榭茖W(xué)進(jìn)步打下了基礎(chǔ)。作者在第一段

說(shuō)，基礎(chǔ)研究是科學(xué)的咳心，基礎(chǔ)研究的積累是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的資本。隨著對(duì)這種資本

需求的增長(zhǎng)，科學(xué)進(jìn)步的資本也必須不斷地增加。

39、Thefederalgovernment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：聯(lián)邦政府任90%以上的研究和發(fā)展基金用于應(yīng)用研究。作者在第二

段指出，美國(guó)政府把研究基金和發(fā)展基金總量的7%左右分配給基礎(chǔ)研究。這說(shuō)明

90%以上研究基金和發(fā)展基金被用于應(yīng)用研究。

In1993,NewYorkSlateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage（飲料）

containers.Withinayear,consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglass

andplasticbottles.Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassas

rawmaterialsfornewproducts,butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththe

plastic,muchofitwoundupburiedinlandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）.Theproblemwasnot

limitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesforsecond-handplastic.

Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycled（回收利用）intheUnitedStates.

Thereasonfor（hechangeisihainowtherearedozensofcompaniesacrossthecountry

buyingdiscardedplasticsodabottlesandturningthemintofenceposts,paintbrushes,

etc.AstheNewYorkexperienceshows,recyclinginvolvesmorethansimplyseparating

valuablematerialsfromtherestoftherubbish.Adiscardremainsadiscarduntil

somebodyfiguresouthowtogiveitasecondlife-anduntileconomicarrangements

existtogivethatsecondlifevalue.Withoutadequatemarketstoabsorbmaterials

collectedforrecycling,throwawaysactuallydepresspricesforusedmaterials.Shrinking

landfillspace,andrisingcostsforburyingandburningrubbishareforcinglocal

governmentstolookmorecloselyatrecycling.Inmanyareas,theEastCoastespecially,

recyclingisalreadytheleastexpensivewaste-managementoption.Foreverytonofwaste

recycled,acityavoidspayingforitsdisposal,which,inpartsofNewYork,amountsto

savingsofmorethan$100perton.Recyclingalsostimulatesthelocaleconomyby

creatingjobsandtrimsthepollutioncontrolandenergycostsofindustriesthatmake

recycledproductsbygivingthemamorerefinedrawmaterial.

40WhatregulationwasissuedbyNewYorkStateconcerningbeveragecontainers?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：依據(jù)為文章開(kāi)頭第1句。

41、ThereturnedplasticbottlesinNewYorkusedto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)詞析：依據(jù)為第一段第4行相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

42、Thekeyproblemindealingwithreturnedplasticbeveragecontainersis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：依據(jù)為第三段第2行相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

43>Recyclinghasbecomethefirstchoicefbrthedisposalofrubbishbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：依據(jù)為第四段相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

44、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)詞析：文章的主題通常出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾。該篇的主題在第四段最

后四行。

45、Inthelastsentenceoflastpassage,theword',stimulateHcanbebestreplaced

by

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考察對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的理解。

TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmorc

thantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs-thesamelampshehadleft

（herein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,and,extremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingcountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent（白熾的）lightsaswell—somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago,butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfortherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers—includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-arcteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

46、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段說(shuō)，當(dāng)哈利德到達(dá)尼泊爾遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊時(shí).，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村民們

正用他留給他們的發(fā)光二極管的燈來(lái)工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

47、TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一道引申判斷題。第二段提到，村民們每晚用電4個(gè)小時(shí)，然后

用腳踏的方式來(lái)給電池充電?？梢韵胂?，在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊，這可能是最理想的

充電方式了。

48、WhatdoesIrvine-HaltidaythinkofLEDs?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段接著說(shuō)，發(fā)光二極管比愛(ài)迪生的白熾燈具有更大的優(yōu)越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白熾燈成為世界的主要人造光源。

49>Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段說(shuō)，10年前一位日本工程師研制出了藍(lán)色

發(fā)光二極管，這個(gè)小小的進(jìn)展具有極大的影響，因?yàn)樗{(lán)、綠、紅是組成彩虹的主要

顏色。

50、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這道題需要分析判斷。最后一段說(shuō)，研制出節(jié)能、廉價(jià)、美觀的白色

發(fā)光二極管是一個(gè)艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。再聯(lián)想到文章前面提到，美國(guó)的交通指示燈換上了

節(jié)能耐用的二極管，而發(fā)展中國(guó)家還都在用白熾燈。那么新能源的癥結(jié)就是不廉

價(jià)，這一判斷與A項(xiàng)相符。

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvaried

enemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,one

generalpatternofbehaviour,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionisto

trytoescapeobservation;if(hisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,

butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesand

warningdevicesarcbroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispattern

varieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunprcdictably

whilstsomenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesand

attackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.Thedifficulty

istoknowwhatconstitutesprovocation,amatterthatisapttobedebatableinother

fields!Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarchunger,thematingseason

andsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorfor

mates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaught

unawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtoiheir

poorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappinganda

similarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughing

begins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwitting

disturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewell

camouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipal

defence.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespecies

accordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotablediflerencesbetween

species,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmay

understandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,

howanyencounterwilldevelop.TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwith

beingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovoked

attacks;yctononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwo

yardsofanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefe-male,whichguardsthenest,could

nothavebeenfar.away.Oneverywell-knownstudentofsnakesonceparkedhiscar

undersometreesnearNairobiandonhisreturnfoundasmallgreensnakeonit.Being

preoccupiedatthemomenthegaveitonlyacursoryglanceand,thinkingitwasa

commonharmlesstree-snake,bundleditunceremoniouslyintohispocket;itwas,ashe

laterdiscoveredtohishorror,ayoungGreenMamba,butitmadenoattempttobite

despitetheroughtreatmentithadreceived.Theproportionofthesnakesoftheworldthat

havesomeformsofprocrypsis(i.e.resemblancetothebackground)isveryhigh,butthe

frequencywithwhichtheresemblanceresultsinaccidentssuggeststhatitisincorrectto

regarditasprimarilya"protective"device.Thereiseveryadvantagetoapredatory

animalinbeingunobserveduntilitspreycomeswithinstrikingdistance,butitis

distinctlyhazardoustoallowanenemytoapproachcloselywiththehope,butno

certainty,ofremainingundetected.Thecommonesttypeofproerypsisistheresultof

coloursthatharmonizewithhoseofthenormalbackground,associatedwithpatternsthat

disrupttheanimal'soutlineorproduce"countershading"wherebythosepartsofthe

bodythatwillbeseeninshadowandappeardark,arelighterincolourwhilsthighlight

areasaredark-coloured.

51、Thesnake'sgeneralpatternofbehaviourindefencesuggeststhat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

52、Thesnake'spatternofdefencevariesdependingon.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

53、Iftakencompletelybysurprise,asnakewillusually.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

54>Thetwoincidentstheauthordescribesareintendedtoshow.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswith

thelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdom

anddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapt

toturnintotheugliest,crudest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimself

storingpastallprobableneedofsayingforhimselforthosenexthim,mthedeprivation

oftheremoterkinoftherace;Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldor

silver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkin

theirfallthroughhisfingers,andingloatingupontheirincreasesensiblemthehandand

eye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofa

dramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobber;andsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclung

tohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesofthe

onlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacksofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthe

senseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker's,orthe

bondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.His

bademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththe

picturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unless

hegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleof

allthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrich

dieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

55、Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

56、Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciousv/henhe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

57、TheitalicizedexpressionMgloatingupon"probablymeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

58、Thepassageimpliesthatwhatcouldstopamiserfromlustingformoneymightbe

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

59、Thewords"inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillionsMattheendofthepassage

suggestsanotionthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Computermonitoringismostoftenintendedtoimproveefficiencyandeffectivenessin

theworkplace,butwithgoodintentionscomestheopportunityforabusebyemployers

andemployeesalike.ComputerMonitoringinthe21stCenturywrittenbyafuturistisan

exceptionalobservationastowhatthefuturemayholdforthosepeoplechoosingtoenter

thetechnologicalfieldsuchasindustry,commerce,medicineandscience.Ascomputer

monitoringincreases,therecomesaconcernforthetypesofef