糖尿病醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)

糖尿病醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)演講人：日期：OverviewofdiamondsDiagnosisandevaluationofdiamondsDrugtreatmentstrategiesandprogressExplorationofNonpharmacologicalTreatmentMethodsPreventionandtreatmentofcomplexity目錄01OverviewofdiamondsDefinitionDiabetesisachronicmetabolicdiseasecharacterizedbyelevatedbloodglucoselevelsduetodefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orbothClassificationDiabetesisgenerallyclassifiedintotype1diabetes(T1DM)andtype2diabetes(T2DM),dependingontheunderlyingcausesGestationaldiabetes(GDM)isaformofdiabetesthatoccursduringpregnancyDefinitionandclassificationCausesTheactualcausesofdiabetesvarydependingonthetypeT1DMiscausedbyanautoimmunereactionthatdestroysinsulinproducingbetacellsinthepancreasT2DMiscausedbyacombinationofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatleadtoinsulinresistanceandprogressivebetacelldysfunctions0102RiskfactorsRiskfactorsfordiamondsincludeobjectivity,unhealthydie,physicalinactivity,familyhistoryofdiamonds,cervicaleconomicbackgrounds,andcervicalchronicdiseasesorconditionsCausesandriskfactorsofonsetDiabeteshasbecomeaglobalhealthcrisis,affectingadultsofmillionsofpeopleworldwideThevalidityofdiamondsisincreasingrapidly,specificallyindevelopingcountrieswheretheepisodeisoftenmoresevereGlobalepisodicstatusThepresenceofdiamondsvariessignificantlybyregionandcountryInsomedevelopedcountries,thepresenceofdiamondsisrelativelyhighduetofactorssuchasagingpopulations,unhealthylifestyles,andobjectivityIndevelopingcounties,theepidemicisoftentreatedbylimitedaccesstohealthcareandresourcesDomesticempiricalstatusGlobalandDomesticEpitopicStatusPreventivemeasuresPreventivemeasuresfordiamondsincludemaintainingahealthweight,engaginginregularphysicalactivity,eatingabalanceddielowinsugarandfat,avoidingtobaccouse,andmanagingstressEarlydetectionandtreatmentofprediabetescanalsodelayorpreventtheonsetofprediabetesImportancePreventingdiabetesiscrucialforreducingtheburdenofthischronicdiseaseonindividualsandsocietyDiabetescanleadtoseriouscomplicationssuchasheartdisease,stroke,kidneyfailure,blindness,andaggressionByimplementingeffectivepreventivemeasures,theonsetofdiamondsanditsassociatedapplicationscanbedelayedorpreventedaltogetherPreventivemeasuresandimportance02DiagnosisandevaluationofdiamondsTypicalsymptomsincludepolyuria,polydipsia,andweightlossdescribeanincreasedappearanceFatigue,blurredvision,andslowwonhealingmayalsooccurClinicalpresentationsDiabetesisdiagnosedbasedonplasmaglucoselevelsFastingplasmaglucose(FPG)levels≥7.0mmol/Lor2-hourpostradialplasmaglucose(2hPG)levels≥11.1mmol/LontwoseparatecasesindicatingdiabetesDiagnosticcriteriaClinicalpresentationsanddiagnosticcriteriaGlycatedhemoglobin(HbA1c)Reflectsaveragebloodglucoselevelsoverthepast2-3monthsandisakeyindicatorformonitoringdiabetescontrolFastingplasmaglucose(FPG)and2-hourpostradialplasmaglucose(2hPG)UsedfordiagnosingdiabetesandmonitoringglucosecontrolLipidprofileIncludestotalcholesterol,triglycerides,HDLcholesterol,andLDLcholesterollevels,whichareimportantforassessingcardiovascularriskindiabeticpatientsIntroductiontoLaboratoryInspectionItemsScreeningformicrovascularcompositesRegulareyeexamstodetectdiabeticretinopathy,kidneyfunctionteststodetectdiabeticneuropathy,andnerveconductionstudiestodetectdiabeticneuropathyScreeningformacroscopicapplicationsAssessmentofcardiovascularriskfactorssuchashypertension,dyslipidemia,andsmokinghistoryRegularcheckupsforsignsofcoronaryarterydisease,cerebrovasculardisease,andperipheralarterydiseaseFootcareandscreeningfordiabeticfootulcersRegularfootexamstodetectulcers,infections,andotherfootproblemsPatienteducationonproperfootcaretechnologiesMethodsforscreeningandevaluatingapplicationsSelfmonitoringofbloodglucose(SMBG)PatientsareresourcedtomonitortheirownbloodglucoselevelsregularlyusingglucoseThishelpsthemunderstandhowfood,exercise,andmedicineaffecttheirbloodsugarlevelsandallowsfortimelyadjustmentstotreatmentplansHealthylifestylemodificationsPatientsshouldoptforahealthydietlowinfatandsugar,engageinregularphysicalactivity,quitsmokingifapplicable,andmanagestresseffectivelythroughrelaxationtechniquesorcouplingservicesifneededPatientself-monitoringandmanagementrecommendationsMedicationadherenceanddoadjustmentPatientsshouldtaketheirmedicineassubscribedbytheirhealthcareprovidersandadjustdosaccordingtoinstructionsprovidedduringfollow-upvisitsorthroughremotemonitoringsystemsifavailableTheyshouldalsobeawareofpotentialsideeffectsandreportanyconcernsprompttotheirhealthcareteamforfurtherevaluationandguidanceonmanagementstrategiesasneededRegularfollow-upvisitswithhealthcareprovidersRegularvisitswithhealthcareprovidersareessentialformonitoringprogress,evaluatingtreatmentplans,Andadjustingconsultationsasneededbasedonindividualpatientneedsandgoalssetjoinedbythepatientandhealthcareteammembersduringinitialconsultationsorsubsequencevisitsthroughoutthecourseoftreatmentfordiabetesmellitustype2(T2DM)Patientself-monitoringandmanagementrecommendations03DrugtreatmentstrategiesandprogressReduceglucoseproductionbytheliverandincreaseinsulinsensitivityBiguanidesSimulatethepancreastoproducemoreinsulinSulfonylureasSimulateinsulinreleasefromthepancrasinresponsetomealsMeglitinidesIncreaseinsulinsensitivitybytargetinginsulinresistanceThiazolidinedionesClassificationandmechanismofactionoforalhypoglycemicdrugs01Basalbolusinsulintherapy:MimicsnormalinsulinsecretionbyprovidingacontinuousBasalinsulinsupplyandbolusinsulindosesattimes02Insulinpumptherapy:Deliversrapidactinginsulincontinuouslythroughacatalystplacedundertheskin,allowingformoreflexiblemealplanningandexercise03Adjustinginsulindosesbasedonbloodglucosemonitoringresultsandpatient'slifestylefactorsPrinciplesofinsulintherapyandstrategyforadjustingtreatmentplansGLP-1receiveragonists01Stimulateinsulinproduction,reduceglucosesecretion,andslowgastricemptying,leadingtoreducedappearanceandweightlossSGLT2inhibitors02Blockthereabsorptionofglucoseinthekidneys,increasingglucoseexcessintheurineandloweringbloodglucoselevelsCombinationtherapies03ExploringtheuseofmultipledrugswithdifferentmechanismsofactiontoachievebetterglycomiccontrolwithFewersideeffectsResearchprogressinnewhypoglycemicdrugsConsiderationofpatients'clinicalcharacteristics,comorbidities,andriskfactorsOngoingpatienteducationandsupporttoensureadhesiontotreatmentplansandself-managementstrategiesTailoringofdrugtherapybasedonpatient'sresponsetotreatmentandtoleranceRegularassessmentandadjustmentoftreatmentplansinresponsetochangesinpatient'sconditionandneedsIndividualizedtreatmentstrategydevelopment04ExplorationofNonpharmacologicalTreatmentMethodsEmphasisontheimportanceofregularphysicalactivityEncouragepatientstoengageinmodalintensityairborneexercise,suchaswalking,jogging,swimming,andcycling,foratleast150minutesperweekPromotehealthyeatinghabitsAdvisepatientstooptforabalanceddietrichinwholegrains,fruits,vegetables,andleanproteins,whilelimitingintakeofprocessedfood,saturatedfat,andaddedsugarStressmanagementEncouragepatientstoincorporatestressreductiontechniques,suchasdeepbreaking,treatment,andyoga,intotheirdailyroutinestoimproveoverallwellbeingandreducestresshormonesthatcancontributetoelevatedbloodsugarlevelsDisplayoflifestyleinterventionmeasuresIndividualizedfoodplanningDeveloppersonalizedfoodplansbasedonpatients'specificnutritionalneeds,preferences,andculturalbackgroundstoensureequalintakeofessentialnutrientswhilemanagingbloodsugarlevelsCarbohydratecountingEducatepatientsoncarbohydratecountingtechniquestohelpthembetterunderstandhowdifferentfoodsaffecttheirbloodsugarlevelsandmakeinformedfoodchoicesHealthsnapoptionsProvideguidanceonhealthsnapoptionsthatarelowinsugarandhighinfibertohelppatientsmanageangerandpreventbloodsugarspikesbetweenmealsNutritionanddietaryadjustmentsuggestionsAssessingfitnesslevelDeterminepatients'currentfitnesslevelsthroughphysicalassessmentsandexercisetestingtoensurethatsubscribedexercisesaresafeandappropriateTailoringexerciseprogramsDesignindividualizedexerciseprogramsthattakeintoaccountpatients'physicallimits,preferences,andgoalstomaximizeadhesionandbenefitsProgressmonitoringRegularlymonitorpatients'progressandadjustexercisereservationsasneededtoensurecontinuedimprovementandsafetySkillsf