冀教版初中英語8年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)梳理

Unit1lesson11.What'stheweatherliketoday?這句是用來詢問天氣的一個(gè)常用句子，還可以說成：

Howistheweather?2.Itwillbesnowyandhottoday.snowy是形容詞，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名詞snow+y構(gòu)成，類似的詞還有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirty;healthy;3.What'sthetemperature?問溫度是多少時(shí)，不用howmany/much，要用what4.Ihopenot.它的肯定形式為Ihopeso.類似的表達(dá)法有：

I'mafraidso.I'mafraidnot.IthinksoIdon'tthinkso.5.I'mscaredofthunder.bescaredofsb.sth.害怕某人或某物。這里scared

是過去分詞，作形容詞。如：I'mscaredofwildanimals.scare還可以作動(dòng)詞。如：Youscaredme.lesson21.What'sthedatetoday?It'sMarchtwenty-first.What'sthedate?是用來詢問日期的一個(gè)常用句子，也可以說成：Whatistoday'sdate?如果詢問星期要用

Whatdayistoday?Whatdayisittoday?2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.become是系動(dòng)詞，與get一樣，常接形容詞作表語；與get不同的是它還可以接名詞作表語，表示身份的變化。應(yīng)為：成為。如：Thedaysarebecominggettinglongerinsummer.Hebecamealawyerin1998.3.Thetemperaturegoesup!goup意思是上升，與rise同義，與godown或set相反。如：Thesungoesup

isesintheeastandgoesdownsetsinthewest.4.Thundermakesaloudnoise.makeanoise意思是發(fā)出聲響，吵鬧。如：Thebabyissleeping.Don'tmakeanoise.Youshouldn'tmakeanoiseinclass.lesson31.SpringhasarrivedinShijiazhuang.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是到達(dá)。arrivein+大地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家、地區(qū)、城市）arriveat+小地點(diǎn)（學(xué)校、商店、車站、郵局等類似地點(diǎn)），地點(diǎn)為副詞時(shí)inat要省去。如：HearrivedinParis.Thetrainarrivedatthestation.Theyarrivedhomeearly.reach表示到達(dá)時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，直接與到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)(n)連用。如：HereachedParis.Thetrainreachedthestation.getto表示到達(dá)時(shí)，后跟副詞表示的地點(diǎn)時(shí)to要省去，如：Hegetsthereontime.2.EverymorningIseemanypeopleintheparkexercising.seesb.doingsth.表示看見某人在做某事，如：Canyouseethemplayingfootballoverthere?seesb.dosth.表示看見某人做過某事，如：Ioftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.這樣的詞還有：

hear;watch;notice等。3.Thesunwillsetinaboutfifteenminutes.in是介詞，表示在...以后，用于將來時(shí)，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的名詞。此時(shí)，不能用after替換in.如：Hewillbebackintwodays.Theywillfinishtheworkintenmonths.4.Wewon'tseeanyflowersuntilMay.not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介詞或連詞。如：Theydidn'tleaveuntiltheyfinishedthework.Hewon'tgotobeduntil11o'clock.5.Nextmonth,maybewewillplayinourshortsandT－shirts!in表示穿著，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服顏色的名詞，意思是穿著...顏色的衣服。如：Thegirlinthehatismysister.Theyareplayinginnewclothes.Ourteacherisinareddresstoday.Allofthemareinblack.lesson41.Weatheriswarming,...

這里warm是動(dòng)詞，意思是變暖，它也可用作形容詞，如：It'swarminspring.It'sgettingwarmerdaybyday.2.onebyone

一個(gè)接一個(gè)地

如Youcanplanttheseedsonebyone.類似的詞語還有：yearbyyear;daybyday.3.Seeitbringtheseason'schange.seesb.sth.dosth.看到某人或某事物做過某事，change這里是名詞，它也可以做動(dòng)詞，如：Hechangedhisclothes.lesson51.Let'sgocycling.gocycling=gotorideabike去騎車。如：HeoftengoescyclingonSunday.let'sdosth.表示讓某人做某事

let'snotdosth.讓某人不要做某事，如：Let'shavearest.Let'snotgothere.2.Howaboutbaseball,then?howwhatabout+nprondoingsth.如：Ilikespring.Howaboutyou?Whataboutacupofcoffee?Howaboutopeningthewindow?3.Theballalwayshitsmeonthehead.hitsb.onthe+身體部位，表示打在某人的某個(gè)部位，如：Hehitmeonthehead.HewassoangrythathehitMaryintheface.4.Shallweplaysoccer?ShallweI...?表示征求對(duì)方意見，可以...嗎；...好嗎。如：Shallwegoswimming?ShallIsithere?lesson61.DannyisbabysittinghiscousinDebieattheplayground.babysitting是雙寫t+ing而來的，這樣的詞還有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；attheplayground也可以說成inontheplayground.2.Holdon,Debbie!holdon可以表示稍等，別掛斷；抓緊，如：Holdonaminute.Heheldontotherope.3.Dannywillpushyou.push這里是動(dòng)詞，意思是推，它也可以用作名詞.pushsb.=givesb.apush.4.It'stimetostopswinging,debbie.stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來做某事；如：Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.Whenhesawhisteacheronthestreet,hestoppedtotalktoher.Allthestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.5.Debbedgetsofftheswing.getoff...意思是從...下來，通常指下火車、巴士、輪船、飛機(jī)等，反義詞組是geton...如：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.TheywillgetoffthetraininBeijing.上、下小汽車或電梯常用getintooutof...lesson71.Ithoughtaboutitalldayatschool.thinkabout

意思是思考，考慮，想起，想到...;如:Iamthinkingaboutmyfriendinthecountry.Don'tthinkaboutitany

more.2.Ithoughtthatitwouldbeeasytobabysitthere.it在此代替后面的不等式tobabysitthere,作形式主語,如:Itisinterestingtoclimbthehill.Itishardtoanswerthequestion.3.Iwasscaredthatshewouldhurtherself,but...herself是反身代詞,意思是她自己.當(dāng)主語和賓語[指同一個(gè)人時(shí),賓語應(yīng)用反身代詞.如:Shecanlookafterherself.MymothertaughtherselfEnglish.反身代詞還可以作同位語

,起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用.如:Shecandoitherself.=Sheherselfcandoit4.Myauntandunclehadmadesandwichesforustoeatattheplayground.makesth.forsb.=makesb.sth.意思是為某人制作某物.如:Iwillmakeabirthdaycakeforher.=Iwillmakeherabirthdaycake.5.sowasI.這是一個(gè)倒裝句.是由so+系動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語,構(gòu)成.如:Heistall.SoamI.Theylikechinesefood.SodothetwoEnglishmen.6.Ihelpedherbrushherteethandclimbintobed.helpsb.(to)dosth.意思是幫助某人做某事,如:Ioftenhelpmymotherdothehousework.HesometimeshelpsmestudyEnglish.helpsb.withsth.也能表示幫助某人做某事,但with后面跟名詞或人稱代詞賓格,上面的句子可改寫為:Ioftenhelpmymotherwiththehousework.HesometimeshelpsmewithmyEnglish.Unit2lesson91.Wouldyoulikesomemarkers?wouldlike意思是想要,后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞不等式.如:I'dlikeacupoftea.Wouldyoulikesomebananas?I'dliketohaveanotherbook.wouldlikesb.todosth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'dlikemetohelphimwithhismaths.wouldyoulikesth.?用來表示邀請(qǐng)某人吃喝或用什么東西,它的答語為:Yes,please.No,thanks.wouldyouliketodosth.?用來表示邀請(qǐng)某人做某事,它的答語為:(yes),'dlikeloveto.I'mafraidnot...I'dloveto,but...等.2.Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourgreenmarker?wouldyouplease+動(dòng)詞原形?表示請(qǐng)你...好嗎?lend是借進(jìn),常用lendsth.tosb.其反義詞為borrow,常用borrowsth.fromsb.,如Heborrowedacarfromhisfriend.Helenthisbiketohisneighbour.3.Don'tforgettodrawthesun.forgettodosth.意思是忘記去做某事,forgetdoingsth.意思是忘了做過某事,如:Don'tforgettoclosethewindowbeforeyoubeave.Heforgotclosingthewindow,sohewentbacktocloseitagain.Heforgottoturnoffthelight,soitwasonthewholenight.4.Afteryouplantaplantinapot,whatdoyoudonext?plant是一個(gè)兼類詞,既可以作動(dòng)詞,也可以作名詞.plantaplant表示種植物.類似的兼類詞還有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leavesandstemsgrowaboveground.Rootsgrowbelowground.above是介詞,表示在...上方,比...還高.與below相反.如:Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.Today'stemperatureis10degreesbelowzero.over是在...正上方,或覆蓋在...上面,如:Thereisalampabovethedesk.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.2.Plantshaveflowersbeausetheflowersmakeseeds.because是連詞,表示因?yàn)?引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句.它不能和so連用,如:Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewassick.=Shewassicksoshedidn'tcometoschool.3.Theseedsofthericeplantfeedbillionsofpeople.hundred,thousand,million,billion等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí),用單數(shù)形式,直接修飾名詞;表示一個(gè)籠統(tǒng)的概念時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)形式,后面要與介詞of連用再接名詞.如:Hehasthreehundredbooks.Hehasreadhundredsofbooks.lesson111.Youneedtolookafterit.lookafter=takecareof意思是照顧,如:Ihavetolookafterthebaby.Canyoulookafteryourself?2.Plantsusesunlighttomakefood.tomakefood是不定式,表示目的,如:LiMingwentto

Beijing

toseehisuncle.3.Gardensarefullofplants.befullof...表示盛滿...,裝滿....如:Theroomisfullofpeople.Thesebottlesarefullofwater.4.Inspring,peopleputcoversoverplantstokeepthemwarmatnight.cover用作動(dòng)詞意思是覆蓋,遮蓋,cover...with...表示用..把...覆蓋上,如:Hecoveredhisfacewithascarf.becoveredwith...被...覆蓋著.如:Theroadisusuallycoveredwithsnow.cover還可以用作名詞,表示覆蓋物,封面.如:Thebookneedsanewcover.keepsb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài).如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.Helikesdoingthingstokeephimselfbusy.Let'skeepthewindowsopen.5.Windowsaremadeofglass.bemadeof...意思是由...制成,在制成的過程中原材料沒有發(fā)生質(zhì)的變化.bemadefrom...意思是由...制成,在制成的過程中原材料發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化.如:Mydesk

is

madeofwood.Booksaremadeofpaper.Paperismadefromwood.Wineismadefromwheat.lesson121.Onegroupsingsthepurplewords,andtheothergroupsingstheblackwords.one...,theother...意思是一個(gè)...另一個(gè)...,如:Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.2.Theprettiestplant...prettiest是pretty的最高級(jí),如:Heisthetallestboyandsheistheprettiestgirl.3.Thatyoueverdidsee.didsee在此相當(dāng)于saw,did放在動(dòng)詞原形前起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用,如:Shedoesstudyhard.Idolikecomputergames.Theydidgotohaveapicnicyesterday.4.Asthestemgrows,itmakesleaves.as

在本句中表示當(dāng)...時(shí)候,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句.如:HewentoutasIcamein.lesson131.Treeshelpcleantheair.It'spleasanttowalkamongthetrees.pleasant,pleased都是形容詞,表示高興的,快樂的.pleasant常用來形容事物,而pleased常用來形容人,如:Iamverypleasedyou'vedecidedtocome.among介詞,表示在...(三者以上)之間,between介詞,表示在兩者之間.2.Donutsdon'tgrowontrees.ontrees=onthetree表示樹本身所有物在樹上;inthetree表示外來物在樹上;如:Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Therearemanyapplesonthetree.3.Thenwecansitunderatreeintheshade.intheshade是介詞短語,意思是在陰涼處.類似的短語有inthesun;inthelight;4.Allplantstakeenergyfromthesunandmakeitintoo...意思是把...制成...,如:Wecanmakethetreeintopaper.Wecanmakecottonintocloth.make還可以構(gòu)成如下短語bemadeofromyin等5.Withoutfood,theywouldhavenothingtoeatandtheywoulddie.without是介詞,意思是沒有,不,如Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.lesson141.Thereareabouteightythousanddifferentplantsintheworldthatpeoplecaneat.thatpeoplecaneat是定語從句,修飾plants,that是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,并代指plants,也可以用which來引導(dǎo).當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是人時(shí),可以用who,that,如

Ilikethepresentthatyougaveme.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI'veeverread.Thewomanwhoisbabysittingthebabyismyaunt.2.Buthalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromonlythreeplants:race,cornandwheat.halfof...

意思是...中的一半,當(dāng)它所指代的是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),代表單數(shù).如果后面所接的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),那么它所代表的也是復(fù)數(shù)概念.如

Halfofhismoneywasspentonbooks.HalfofthebookshereareinEnglish.Halfofthestudentsinourclasslikemath.allof...;aquarterof...和它類似.3.Doctorsusemedicinetohelpsickpeople.use...todosth.意思是用...來做...,如

Weuseourfeetandlegstowalk.sick是形容詞,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定語和表語;ill也是形容詞,意思相同,但只能作表語;如

Hismotherwassickillinbed.Therearemanysickpeopleinthedoctor'swaitingroom.4.Doyouhaveahatmadeofstraw?madeofstraw是過去分詞短語作后置定語,表示被動(dòng);如

Doyouknowtheboynamedpeter?Thisisthecameraboughtinjapan.lesson151.Ihavealottowriteabouttoday.towrite

作后置定語,修飾alot,表示沒有做,要去做的動(dòng)作.如

Ihavenothingtosay.Theyfoundaroomtolivein.Shehasnopentowritewith.2.Nowsth.newisgrowingatthetopofthestem.sth.是不定代詞,應(yīng)看作第三人稱單數(shù).形容詞修飾它時(shí)應(yīng)作后置定語.如

Sth.iswrongwithhiscomputer.Thereissth.importantintoday\\\\\\\\\\\\\'snewspaper.3.Later,theheadwillturnintowheatseeds.turninto...

意思是變成...如

Watercanturnintoo...意思是把...變成...,如

Heatturnswaterintovapor蒸汽.相關(guān)的短語有

changeinto...,o....Unit3lesson171.SheplayswithmewhenIcomehomefromschool.playwith...意思是與...玩,玩弄...如

Don'tplaywithfire,it'sdangerous.2.Iwillkeephimundermydesk.keep的意思是使某人

某物保持某種狀態(tài)或某地位.如

Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Youcan'tkeepducksintheclassroom.keep

還有飼養(yǎng)...的意思,如

Hekeepsbees,goatsandhensonhisfarm.3.Iwillneedtoplantatreeinmybedroom.在肯定句中動(dòng)詞

need通常用作行為動(dòng)詞,如

Theyneedtofinishtheprojectontime.Youneedtotakeanumbrellawithyou.在否定句和疑問句中

,need即可用作行為動(dòng)詞,也可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如

Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.=Youdon'tneedtofinishthatworktoday.Doyouneedtogoout?=Needyougoout?need

還可以用作名詞,如

Thereisagreatneedforanewbookonthissubject.Thereisnodeedforyoutostartyet.lesson181.Hewastalkingtomymum.Was/were+doing是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示在過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.如

Hewasn'twatchingthehamburgersatthattime.HewascookingsupperwhenIgothome.lesson191.Thezooisopen.open是形容詞,意思是開放的,可進(jìn)入的.如

Thisgardenisopentothepublic.open還可以表示開著的,營(yíng)業(yè)的,等.如

Hesleptintheroomwiththewindowopenlastnight.Theshopisn'topenonsundays.Hiscoatwasopen.Thecagesarebigandopen.2.Ithasallkindsofanimals.allkindsof

意思是各種各樣的,如

Allkindsofplantsweredisplayed.differentkindsof...不同種類的...;akindof...一種....;3.We'llneedourcapstoprotectusfromthetectsb.sth.againstromsth.意思是保護(hù)

保衛(wèi)某人或某物不受...的侵害.如

Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.Winterwheatlyingundersnowisprotectedagainstthecold.4.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中from可以省去,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中from不可省去.如

Pleasedon'tstophim(from)playingbasketball.Hewasstoppedfromplayingbasketball.Wealltriedtostophim(from)smokinginbed.lesson201.Iamatthezoowatchingalltheanimals,Iwanttomakefriendswithonetoday.atthezoo在動(dòng)物園,也可用作inthezoo.makefriendswith...表示與...交朋友.2.Throwsomefoodtotheducksbythewater.Standsostillwhiletheywaddlemyway.by是介詞,意思是在...旁邊,在...附近.如:Myhouseisbytheriver.still可以作形容詞,意思是靜止的,不動(dòng)的;如:KeepstillwhileIcombyourhair.PleasestandstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.still還可以作副詞,意思是還,仍然,仍舊;如:Heisstillsleeping.Thefistisstillalive.while是連詞,意思是當(dāng)...的時(shí)候;如:ImetafriendwhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet.3.Iwantananimalfriendthatlikestojump

andrun,too.thatlikestojumpandrun是定語從句,修飾先行詞ananimalfriend.被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞

,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞.先行詞是人時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或whowhom;先行詞是事物時(shí),關(guān)系詞通常用that或which;關(guān)系詞在從句中除作狀語外,可以省去.如:Edison

wasamanwhonevergaveup.SheisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisateacher.Thehousewhichstandsonthehillismine.lesson211.Theygothroughtheentrance.through介詞,意思是(從...內(nèi)部)穿過.across指(從...表面上)橫過.如:Iwalkedacrossthesquaretothemuseum.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.2.Maybephotoswouldsurprisetheanimals.maybe意思是大概,或許.如:Maybehedoesn'tknowit'sspring.Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

may和系動(dòng)詞be一起也可以表示

可能是...的意思.如:Youmayberight.Ican'tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.3.Thendon'ttakephotosofme.takephotosofsb.意思是

給某人照相.4.It'snearlynoon,andhe'sstillsleeping.nearly是副詞,意思是

幾乎,差不多.如:Hurryup--it'snrarlytimeforschool.nearly和almost都表示

幾乎,差不多.在多數(shù)情況下,兩者之間沒有什么差別.一般來說almost所表達(dá)的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修飾否定詞,但可被not修飾;而almost可以和否定詞連用.5.That'swherewegoout.wherewegoout.是表語從句,where是引導(dǎo)詞.這樣的詞還有:wh-,that,because等.如:That'swhathesaid.That'swhyIamsoworried.Thequestioniswhetherourparentswillagree.Theproblemiswhichisheavier.Shelookedasifshewereadoctor.lesson221.Let'splayajokeonsomeonetoday.playajokeonsb.意思是

開某人的玩笑,戲弄某人.如:Weallplayajokeonhim.haveajokewithsb.意思是

與某人一起開某人的玩笑.如:Istoppedtohaveajokewithhim.makeajokeaboutofsb.sth.意思是

拿某人(事)開玩笑.如:Don'tmakeajokeabouthimhisshortcomings.2.Let'stellDannythatthebeargotoutofthezoo.getout(ofsth.)意思是

從...里出來.另外

,這個(gè)短語還可以表示

出外走走.如

Welovetogetoutintothecountrysideatweekends.Yououghttogetoutofyourhousemore.getoutofsth.doingsth.意思是

逃避責(zé)任或義務(wù),不做份內(nèi)的事,（使某人）放棄、停止或戒除（習(xí)慣等）。如

IwishIcouldgetoutofgoingtothatmeeting.Ican'tgetoutofthehabitofwakingatsixinthemorning.3.Wehearditontheradio.onovertheradio意思是

通過無線電廣播。類似的短語有

onthetelephone;onTV.4.There'safiercebearing為現(xiàn)在分詞，作bear的定語，有正在到來的意思，相當(dāng)于定語從句thatiscoming.如

Thereisabaglyingontheground.Therearesomeboysplayingfootballoverthere.5.Youarejoking,aren'tyou?該句是反意疑問句。反意疑問句由兩部分組成。前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短問句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開。前后兩部分遵循

兩個(gè)一致，一個(gè)相反

原則。如

Thepenisyours,isn'tit?Heisn'tadoctor,ishe?Yourbrothercanswim,canthe?Youdon'tstudyChinese,doyou?HeneverwatchesTV,doeshe?Therewon'tbeanymeetingsnextweek,willthere?6.Wetrickedoutyou,Danny!trick是動(dòng)詞，意思是欺騙，欺詐。如

Theyoungmantrickedmeoutof50yuan.tricksb.outof+錢數(shù)。表示騙取某人多少錢。lesson231.Oneoftheworld'sfirstzooswasin

Egypt,about3500yearsago.ago作副詞表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前；before作副詞可表示從過去某一刻算起的以前。如

Imethimthreedaysago.IsaidIhadmethimthreedaysbefore.before后接

時(shí)間點(diǎn)，可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。如

Shegottotheofficebeforefiveo'clock.Wehopetogethomebeforesixo'clock.2.Nootherpeoplecouldgo.nootherpeople可以說成nobodyelse.如

Nobodyelsecouldgothereexceptkings,queensandimportantpeople.3.Egypt

isfamousforitspyramids.befamouswell-knownfor意思是

以...著名;以...聞名.如

Franceisfamousforitsfoodandwine.Theplaceisfomousforits

hotsprings.befamousas...意思是

作為...職業(yè)

身份而著名.如

Heisfamousasawriter.4.Peoplewenttothezootolearnaboutanimals.tolearnaboutanimals是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語.如

Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.Iwenttotheparktobreathethefreshair.5.Zoosaretheonlyplacesthatsomekindsofanimalslivein.thatsomekindsofanimalslivein是定語從句,修飾先行詞theonlyplaces.由于先行詞前有only,所以關(guān)系詞只能用that.Unit4lesson251.Ifillajarwithwater.fill...with...意思是

用...裝滿...befilledwith...=befullof...意思是

充滿...如

Onhearingthenews,hereyesarefilledwithtears.Theyfilledtheholewithwater.fillin...

意思是

填上...;填充...;如

Fillintheblanks.2.Then,Iturnthejarupsidedown.upsidedown意思是

向下翻轉(zhuǎn)過來

如

Thatpictureisupsidedown.Youholdthebookupsidedown.rightsideup

意思是

正面朝上.3.Ithinkthefloorwillgetwet.get作系動(dòng)詞,意思是

變得

,后跟形容詞作表語.如

Thedaygetslongerinspring.與

get相關(guān)的詞組有:getalongon(well)with...與...(和睦)相處.如

Iamgettingalongonwellwithmyclassmates.getawayfrom...意思是

逃跑.如Thethiefgotawayfromthepolice.getback意思是

返回;要回或拿回.如

Afteralongholiday,hehadtogetbacktowork.Pleasegetthebookbackforme.getinto...意思是

上車.如

Hegotintothecar.getoff...意思是

下車;從...下來.如

Hegotoffthetrain.getup意思是

起床;起身;站起.如

Hesuddenlygotupfromthechair.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.gettogether意思是

集合;團(tuán)聚.如

Wewillgettogetherattheschoolgateandgotothepark.getthrough意思是

用電話聯(lián)系上...

如

Ioftengetthroughtomyfriends.getto...意思是

到達(dá)...

如

WewillgettoBeijingtomorrow.Hewillgethomebyfouro'clockthisafternoon.4.I'msurethefloorwon'tgetwet.sb.besure+that從句,意思是

認(rèn)為...一定....否定形式是sb.besure+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句.如

Tomissurethathewillwinthegame.Tomisnotsurewhetherhecanwinthegame.I'mnotsurewhenhe'llcomehere.5.Wecanprovewho'sve是及物動(dòng)詞,意思是

證明,證實(shí).常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):provesth.(tosb.);prove(tosb.)that...;prove...(tobe)+adj

.如

Thefacthasprovedtheman'shonestytousall.=Thefacthasprovedtousallthatthemanishonest.=Thefacthasprovedtheman(tobe)ve也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,意思是

證明

表明(自己)是...,后跟形容詞或名詞.如

Mytheorywillproverightsomeday.Duringthetrip,heprovedamanwithastrongwill.6.We'lldotheexperimentandobservewhatwillhappen.observe是動(dòng)詞,意思是

觀察.observesb.dodoingsth.如

Iobservedherdance.WhenIpassedbythegrass,Iobservedhimwalking.lesson261.Iwillasktheclasstomakeobservationsandguesswhatwillhappen.makeobservations意思是

觀察.如

Whiledoingexperiments,youmustmakecarefulobservations.這個(gè)短語還有

做觀察報(bào)告

,評(píng)述,評(píng)論的意思.如

OurgeographyteacherhasjustmadesomeinterestingobservationsonAfrica.observation也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞.如

Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.

lesson271.Next,Brianwilltakehishandoffthecardboard.takesth.offsth.意思是使某物離開或脫離...如

Wouldyoumindtakingyourfootoffmyhand?takeoff意思是

起飛;脫下;匆忙離去.如

Theplanetookoffat

7a.m.Takeoffyourshoes,please.Hetookoffforthestationinahurry.2.Theforceisstrongenoughtoholdthewater.adjadv+enoughtodosth.意思是

足夠...以至于能做某事.如

Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=Heissuchanoldboythathecangotoschool.enough作副詞,要放在被修飾的形容詞和副詞之后;作形容詞,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前.如

Thishallislargeenoughtoholdtwothousandpeople.Hewalksfastenoughtobehereintime.Hedoes'thaveenoughmoneytogofortraveling.I'msoory,butIhaven'tenoughtimetodothejob.3.AirisstrongerthanIthought!than可作連詞或介詞,用于引入比較級(jí)的后半部分,表示

比...;如

Sheisabetterplayerthanshewaslastyear.Heistallerthanme.HegetsupearlierthanI(do).ratherthan意思是

寧愿...,不愿...;與其...不如...

如

Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.4.Puteightspoonfulsofcornstarchintothebowl.spoonful是可數(shù)名詞,意思是

一勺的量.如

aspoonfulofsugar.類似的還有

twocupfulsofmilk;afewmouthfulsoftea;ahandfulofflowers.lesson281.Thattastessogreat.taste作系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞作表語,意思是

嘗起來...如

Themeattastesgood.Ittastesbetterthanlooks.2.AndIwilleatuntilmyplateisempty.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

+untilill...表示

一直...直到...為止.如

You'dbetterwaituntilhecomesback.IwillwatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我一直看電視直到我爸爸回來為止.瞬間性動(dòng)詞

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+not+untilill...表示

直到...才...如

Iwon'twatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我直到爸爸回來才看電電視.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.我直到爸爸回來才睡覺.Hedidn'tgooutuntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到完成作業(yè)才出去.另

,untilill作連詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替.如

Ishallwaithereuntilhearrives.Iwillwaituntilhereturns.lesson291.Dannyisatthepark.atthepark=inthepark2.Debbiewillhavefunlookingforthem.havefun相當(dāng)于enjoyoneself意思是

玩得高興,過得愉快.如

Wehadlotsoffunonthesportsgroundtoday.=Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchonthesportsgroundtoday.havefundoingsth.表示

做某事有樂趣.Itis(not)funtododoingsth.=Thereismuch

ofunindoingsth.意思是

做...有(無)樂趣.如

Itisfuntocookamealmyself.=There\\\\\\\\\\\\\'smuchfunincookingamealmyself.Thereisnotmuchfuningoingtoapartyalone.=It'snotfuntogotoapartyalong.3.Ican'tmakeeggs.makeeggs意思是

產(chǎn)卵,下蛋.還可以說成layeggs.4.Canyoufindthem?辨析

:find,lookfor,findout,huntforfind強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果,意思是

找到.如

Hefoundhislostpen.lookfor

強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過程,意思是

尋找.如

Heislookingforhislostpen.findout

強(qiáng)調(diào)(經(jīng)過一番努力之后)找到...;查明....Atlast,theyfoundoutwhostolethebike.huntforsb.sth.意思是

尋找某人或某物.與lookfor同義.如

Thepolicearehuntingforthethief.5.Nowmybasketisfullofeggs.befullof...意思是

充滿...=befilledwith...如

Thebusisfullofpeople.=Thebusisfilledwithpeople.lesson301.Fillthedishhalffullofwater.half是副詞,意思是

部分地,一半地,差不多.如

Thebottleisonlyhalffull.half也可作形容詞,名詞,意思是

半個(gè)的,一半的,一半.如

halfayear=ahalfyear;halfanhour=ahalfhour;Halfofthemarealreadyhere.Twohalvesmakeawhole.2.Tomakeacandleburn,you"light"it.makelethavesth.sb.dosth.意思是

使某物或某人做某事.如

Letthecandleburnfortwoorthreeminutes.3.Asthecandleburns,itusesupoxygenintheair.1)as作連詞的各種用法as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中第二個(gè)as是連詞,它往往連接一個(gè)不完整的句子,表示比較,意思是

和...一樣...;像...一樣....如

Johnisashealthyashissister.表示方式

,意思是

像,按照,如同.如

RunasIdo.Leaveitasitis.表示時(shí)間

,意思是

當(dāng)...的時(shí)候,一邊...一邊...,隨著.如

Shesangassheworked.Isawhimashewasgettingoffthebus.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.表示原因

,意思是

因?yàn)?如

Asyouaretired,youbadbetterrest.表示讓步

,意思是

雖然,盡管.如

Richasheis,heisnothappy.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.2)usesth.up意思是

用盡...,利用...;如

Sheusedupthechickenbonestomakesoup.Whenthecandlestopsburning,ithasusedupalltheoxygenintheair.4.Thereisaboutone-fifthoxygenintheair,sothewaterrisesandfillsaboutone-fifthofthejar.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)形式:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于1,分母加s.概括為口訣:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如

1/2=one/ahalf=onesecond=one-second;1/3=onethird=one-third;2/3=twothirds=two-thirds;1/4=one/aquarter=one-quarter;3/4=threequarters=three-quarters;3/5=threefifths=three-fifths;5.Thecandleholderis"holding"thecandle.hold為動(dòng)詞,意思是

拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容納.如

ShallIholdyourbag?Heheldabookinhishand.Heheldhisheadup.Idon'tthinkthecarwillholdyouall.lesson311.Doyouwanttosurpriseyourfriends?surprise是動(dòng)詞,意思是

使驚奇,使感到意外.如

Itsurprisedmetoseesomanypeoplehere.它還可以作名詞

,意思是

驚奇,驚訝,詫異,意外之事.常用的有兩個(gè)短語:toone'ssurprise;insurprise.如

Tomysurprisetheplansucceeded.ShelookedupinsurprisewhenIentered.surprise對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞有兩個(gè):surprised和surprising.surprised意思是

感到驚奇的.如

Wearesurprisedatthenews.Areyousurprised,class?WeweresurprisedtolearnthathewasFrench.surprising意思是

使人驚訝的,出人意料的,驚人的.如

Weknewthesurprisingfact.Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.2.Thecardboardwillhold

thewaterup.holdthewaterup=keepthewaterinthejar.3.Itpushesdownonusfromabove.Italsopushesuponusfrombelow.Intheexperiment,airpushesuponthecardboard.pushesup/downonsb./sth.意思的

向上或下推在...上;給...一個(gè)向上或下的推動(dòng)力.3.Scienceiseresting形容詞,意思是

有趣的.常用來形容事物.如

It'saninterestingerested形容詞,意思是

對(duì)...感興趣.常用來形容人.如

Areyouinterestedinhistory?be/becomeinterestedinsth./doingsth.對(duì)(做)...感興趣.如

Webecameinterestedintheinterestingstory.Unit5lesson331.Icangoalmostanywhereonfoot.anywhere在否定句中表示

什么地方,某地.相當(dāng)于由somewhere變化而來.如

Didyougoanywhereyesterday?anywhere在肯定句中表示

任何地方.如

Youcangoanywhereyoulike.2.Butthatwouldtakealongtime.這里

would表示

假想,猜測(cè),推斷.如

Iknowyouwouldn'tgetlost.take表示

花費(fèi),常用于句型:Ittakes/tooksb.+時(shí)間或錢+todosth.如

Ittakesusthreehourstoflyto

Guangzhou.take還可以表示

乘坐....如

Iwouldtakeatrain.ShallItakeaplanetothebakery?3.Iseldomtakeaship.Iwouldlikeamorerapidtypeoftransportation.seldom意思是

很少,不常,難得.一般不用比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),可用very修飾.在句首時(shí),句子要倒裝.如

SeldomdidIhearofherlastyear=Iseldomheardofherlastyear.morerapid=rapider是rapid的比較級(jí),意思是

更快的.type=kind,意思是

類型,種類,樣式.如

Cottonisatypeofmaterial.Idon'tenjoythattypeofshow.lesson341.Inthe1760s,ascientistin

England

inventedawaytoputsteamenginesandwheelstogether.inthe1760s意思是

在18世紀(jì)60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如

the1990s

其前要用介詞ininvent是動(dòng)詞,意思是

發(fā)明.其對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是invention和inventor.如

Theinventorinventedtwonewinventionslastyear.put...together意思是

裝配,組成,湊成,把...組裝起來.如

Let'sputateamtogether.puttwoandtwotogether意思是

(根據(jù)所見或所聞等)推測(cè)出真相.putour/your/theirheadstogether意思是

交流思想,交換意見,合議.2.Manytrainstationswerebuilttomakeiteasierforpassengerstogetonandoffthetrains.geton/off...意思是上下(公共汽車,火車,輪船,飛機(jī)等);getin(to)/outof...意思是上/下小汽車,電梯等3.Earlytrains,liketheRocket,hadatopspeedof50kilometresperhour.top在這里是名詞作定語,意思是

頂部的,最高的,最上面的.如

Putitinthetopdrawer.to