GB/T 44880-2024因果矩陣

ICS

25.040.40

CCS

N10

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T44880—2024/IEC62881:2018

因果矩陣

Causeandeffectmatrix

（IEC62881:2018,IDT）

2024-11-28發(fā)布2025-06-01實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

GB/T44880—2024/IEC62881:2018

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

引言

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Ⅳ

1

范圍

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1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

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1

3

術(shù)語(yǔ)、定義和縮略語(yǔ)

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1

3.1

術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

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1

3.2

縮略語(yǔ)

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2

4

符合性

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2

5

因果矩陣的設(shè)計(jì)

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3

5.1

布局原則

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3

5.2

原因?qū)傩?/p>

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3

5.3

結(jié)果屬性

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4

5.4

關(guān)系屬性

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4

5.5

更改和修改的標(biāo)記

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4

6

因果矩陣的使用

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4

6.1

跨專業(yè)的統(tǒng)一功能描述

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4

6.2

線性邏輯的應(yīng)用

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5

6.3

非線性邏輯的應(yīng)用

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5

6.4

項(xiàng)目工作流

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5

7

示例

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6

7.1

帶有最少因果要求和關(guān)系可選方案1的因果矩陣

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6

7.2

帶有最少因果要求和關(guān)系可選方案2的因果矩陣

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7

7.3

帶有可選因果屬性和關(guān)系可選方案2的因果矩陣

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8

參考文獻(xiàn)

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9

Ⅰ

GB/T44880—2024/IEC62881:2018

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件等同采用IEC62881:2018《因果矩陣》。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)提出。

本文件由全國(guó)工業(yè)過程測(cè)量控制和自動(dòng)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC124）歸口。

本文件起草單位：東北大學(xué)、機(jī)械工業(yè)儀器儀表綜合技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所、湖南科技大學(xué)、中國(guó)天辰工

程有限公司、北京工業(yè)大學(xué)、沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)、江南大學(xué)、東莞理工學(xué)院、中信戴卡股份有限公司、北京

化工大學(xué)、上海自動(dòng)化儀表有限公司、北京神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：丁進(jìn)良、尚羽佳、丁露、陸軍、成繼勛、高杰、楊云漪、韓紅桂、張曉玲、方星、

張兆云、黃亮、王艷、柳娟、耿志強(qiáng)、黃易、張永超。

Ⅲ

GB/T44880—2024/IEC62881:2018

引言

自動(dòng)化工廠的高效工程建設(shè)和可靠運(yùn)行在很大程度上取決于對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)控制和邏輯聯(lián)鎖的清晰明確的描

述。對(duì)于調(diào)節(jié)控制，該描述通常通過工藝流程圖和P&ID（ISO10628?1、ISO10628?2）來完成，這些

流程圖和P&ID在制造和流程工廠的工程和運(yùn)營(yíng)中由工藝和I&C人員使用。關(guān)于邏輯聯(lián)鎖，工藝工程師

和工廠操作員經(jīng)常認(rèn)為大量分散的邏輯關(guān)系或功能圖過于復(fù)雜（尤其是在使用故障安全原理時(shí)），并且

難以處理過多的詳細(xì)信息。

本文件描述了一種簡(jiǎn)單且被廣泛接受的方法，用于記錄流程工業(yè)和制造業(yè)中的邏輯聯(lián)鎖─“因果

矩陣”（C&E矩陣）。因果矩陣通過使用最少的已有知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單的處理來描述獨(dú)立于所使用的自動(dòng)化

平臺(tái)控制過程所需的功能，能夠從過程的角度讓人正確理解所需的關(guān)系，而無需了解平臺(tái)關(guān)于

PLC/DCS程序邏輯的特定詳細(xì)知識(shí)。

在工廠的整個(gè)生命周期（例如工程、調(diào)試、啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行）中，因果矩陣對(duì)于說明成套裝置的功能及

其與工廠相關(guān)工序的接口非常有用，同時(shí)特別有助于滿足一些法律或保險(xiǎn)要求（例如政府法規(guī)、消防和

天然氣法規(guī)、機(jī)械指令，例如IEC62061）。因果矩陣也會(huì)在其他類型的文件中找到，例如消防數(shù)據(jù)

表，且因果確定原則以及交叉點(diǎn)中定義的邏輯關(guān)系仍然適用。

此外，因果矩陣還用于說明嵌入式診斷功能的后果（例如在檢測(cè)到斷線的情況下激活跳閘功能）、

已安裝備用系統(tǒng)的功能（例如無法啟動(dòng)泵并切換到備用泵）或部分停機(jī)后的工序復(fù)位或安全相關(guān)功能所

需的操作員動(dòng)作。

因果矩陣提供的信息會(huì)根據(jù)個(gè)體需求進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)化，例如電氣開關(guān)設(shè)備中過程聯(lián)鎖所需的信息。

因果矩陣描述了引起條件（原因）與預(yù)期后果或動(dòng)作（結(jié)果）之間的關(guān)系。本文件中，原因由傳感

器或其他手段產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)來表示；結(jié)果是由執(zhí)行器（主要是閥門和電機(jī)）自動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，或由輪班操

作員手動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，或向操作員提供的警報(bào)和信息。兩者通過包含關(guān)系的矩陣進(jìn)行鏈接。因此，這些

基本關(guān)系以適當(dāng)和結(jié)構(gòu)化的形式進(jìn)行了記錄，從而能夠在工藝設(shè)計(jì)、電氣工程、I&C工程等專業(yè)之間進(jìn)

行可靠的信息交換。在下一步詳細(xì)工程過程中，因果矩陣是開發(fā)更詳細(xì)和特定平臺(tái)（例如故障安全

PLC）邏輯的起點(diǎn)。

在工廠運(yùn)營(yíng)期間，因果矩陣可作為功能描述，例如用于工廠運(yùn)營(yíng)人員的培訓(xùn)。

因果矩陣通常不用于指定功能序列（例如批處理操作模式）或其他方法可能提供的功能細(xì)節(jié)，例如

IEC61131?3中的邏輯描述。

Ⅳ

GB/T44880—2024/IEC62881:2018

因果矩陣

1范圍

本文件描述了因果矩陣的設(shè)置和實(shí)現(xiàn)，以便在工程實(shí)踐中持續(xù)使用。本文件旨在描述一種簡(jiǎn)單的格

式，用于支持不同工程專業(yè)之間在項(xiàng)目或維護(hù)活動(dòng)中信息交流的一致性。本文件規(guī)定了因果矩陣內(nèi)容的

最低要求，這些內(nèi)容來自于現(xiàn)有設(shè)計(jì)文件，例如P&ID或文字說明。

本文件不涉及如何將因果矩陣中定義的關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換為PLC/DCS應(yīng)用程序的功能或源代碼，也不涉及

在需要執(zhí)行/遵守額外規(guī)定的專用自動(dòng)化平臺(tái)上實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的和/或順序邏輯。

因果矩陣能用來記錄工廠設(shè)備的故障反應(yīng)，因此能用作必要的安全驗(yàn)證參考點(diǎn)。

本文件中定義的因果矩陣與魚骨圖或石川圖的范圍不同，后者一般被稱為因果圖。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用

于本文件。

ISO7200技術(shù)產(chǎn)品文檔化標(biāo)題欄和文檔標(biāo)題中的數(shù)據(jù)字段（Technicalproductdocumenta?

tion—Datafieldsintitleblocksanddocumentheaders）

IEC62708流程工業(yè)中電氣和儀器儀表工程的文件種類（Documentkindsforelectricalandinstru?

mentationprojectsintheprocessindustry）

注：GB/T5094.1—2018工業(yè)系統(tǒng)、裝