2020年12月四級真題第1套學習資料

淘寶店鋪：光速考研工作室年12月英語四級第1套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesinheWayofEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)AdeadlyfishhasbeenspottedintheMediterraneanwaters.B)Invasivespeciesaredrivingawaycertainnativespecies.C)TheMediterraneanisanaturalhabitatofDevilFirefish.D)ManypeoplehavebeenattackedbyDevilFirefish.2.A)Itcouldaddtogreenhouseemissions.B)Itcoulddisruptthefoodchainsthere.C)Itcouldposeathreattoothermarinespecies.D)Itcouldbadlypollutethesurroundingwaters.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Carswillnotbeallowedtoenterthecity.B)Abouthalfofitscitycenterwillbeclosedtocars.C)Buseswillbetheonlyvehiclesallowedonitsstreets.D)Pedestrianswillhavefreeaccesstothecity.4.A)TherisingairpollutioninParis.C)Theever-growingcostofpetrol.B)Theworseningglobalwarming.D)Theunbearabletrafficnoise.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Manyofhispossessionswerestolen.C)Hisfishingboatgotwreckedonarock.B)Hishousewasburntdowninafire.D)Hisgoodluckcharmsankintothesea.6.A)Changehisfishinglocations.C)Spendafewnightsonasmallisland.B)Findajobinatravelagency.D)Sellthepearlhehadkeptforyears.7.A)ANewYorkmuseumhastheworld’sbiggestpearl.B)Thelargestpearlintheworldweighs14pounds.C)Hismonstrouspearlwasextremelyvaluable.D)Hispearlcouldbedisplayedinamuseum.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Itboastsafairlylonghistory.C)Ithas75officesaroundtheworld.B)Itproducesconstructionmaterials.D)Ithasover50businesspartners.A)Ithasabout50employees.C)Itisafamilybusiness.B)Itwasstartedbyhisfather.D)Itisover100yearsold.A)Shortageofrawmaterialsupply.C)Outdatedproductdesign.B)Legaldisputesinmanycountries.D)Lossofcompetitiveedge.11.A)Conductingafinancialanalysisforit.B)Providingtrainingforitsstaffmembers.C)Seekingnewwaystoincreaseitsexports.D)Introducinginnovativemarketingstrategies.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Sheisarealexpertathousedecorations.B)Sheiswellinformedaboutthedesignbusiness.C)Sheisattractedbythecolorofthesittingroom.D)Sheisreallyimpressedbytheman'shouse.13.A)FromhisyoungerbrotherGreg.C)Fromaconstructionbusinessman.B)Fromhomedesignmagazines.D)Fromaprofessionalinteriordesigner.14.A)Theeffortwasworthwhile.C)Thecostwasaffordable.B)Thestylewasfashionable.D)Theeffectwasunexpected.15.A)She’dlikehimtotalkwithJonathanaboutanewproject.B)Shewantshimtosharehisrenovationexperiencewithher.C)Shewantstodiscussthehousedecorationbudgetwithhim.D)She'dliketoshowhimaroundhernewly-renovatedhouse.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Providingroutinecareforsmallchildren.B)Payinghospitalbillsforemergencycases.C)Doingresearchonear,noseandthroatdiseases.D)Removingobjectsfrompatients’nosesandears.17.A)Manychildrenliketosmellthingstheyfindorplaywith.B)Manychildrenliketoputforeignobjectsintheirmouths.C)Five-tonine-year-oldsarethemostlikelytoputthingsintheirears.D)Childrenagedonetofourareoftenmorecuriousthanolderchildren.18.A)Theytendtoactoutofimpulse.C)Theyareunawareofthepotentialrisks.B)Theywanttoattractattention.D)Theyarecuriousaboutthesebodyparts.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItpaidforherEnglishlessons.C)Itdeliveredherdailynecessities.B)Itgaveherausedbicycle.D)Itprovidedherwithphysicaltherapy.20.A)Expandingbike-ridinglessons.C)Providingfreepublictransport.B)Askinglocalpeoplefordonations.D)Offeringwalkingtourstovisitors.21.A)Itisalanguageschool.C)Itisacounselingcenter.B)Itisacharityorganization.D)Itisasportsclub.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Howmiceimitatehumanbehaviorinspace.B)Howlowgravityaffectsthehumanbody.C)Howmiceinteractinanewenvironment.D)Howanimalsdealwithlackofgravity.23.A)Theywerenotusedtothelow-gravityenvironment.B)Theyfounditdifficulttofigureoutwheretheywere.C)Theyfoundthespaceinthecagetoosmalltostayin.D)Theywerenotsensitivetothechangedenvironment.24.A)Theytriedeverythingpossibletoescapefromthecage.B)Theycontinuedtobehaveastheydidinthebeginning.C)Theyalreadyfeltathomeinthenewenvironment.D)Theyhadfoundalotmoreactivitiestoengagein.25.A)Theyrepeatedtheiractivitieseveryday.B)TheybehavedasiftheywereonEarth.C)Theybegantoeatlessaftersometime.D)Theychangedtheirroutinesinspace.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Trustisfundamentaltolife.Ifyoucan'ttrustanything,lifebecomesintolerable.Youcan'thaverelationshipswithouttrust,letalonegoodones.Intheworkplace,too,trustis_26_.Anorganizationwithouttrustwillbefulloffearand27_.Ifyouworkforabosswhodoesn'ttrusttheiremployeestodothingsright,you’llhavea28time.They'llbecheckinguponyouallthetime,correcting”mistakes”and29remindingyoutodothisorthat.Colleagueswhodon'ttrustoneanotherwillneedtospendmoretime30theirbacksthandoinganyusefulwork.Organizationsarealwaystryingtocutcosts.Thinkofalltheadditionaltaskscausedbylackoftrust.Audit（審計）departmentsonlyexistbecauseofit.Companieskeeplargevolumesof31becausetheydon’ttrusttheirsuppliers,theircontractorsortheircustomers.Probablymorethanhalfofalladministrativeworkisonlytherebecauseofanever-existingsensethat“youcan’ttrustanyonethesedays.”Ifevenasmallpartofsuchvaluelessworkcouldbe_32__,thesavingswouldrunintomillionsofdollars.Allthisisextraworkwe33ontoourselvesbecausewedon'ttrustpeople—thechecking,followingthrough,doingthingsourselvesbecausewedon'tbelieveotherswilldothem34—oratall.Ifwetookallthataway,howmuchextratimewouldwesuddenlyfindinourlife?Howmuchofourwork_35__woulddisappear?A)constantlyI)proprelyB)credibleJ)recordsC)essentialK)removedD)exploringL)stacksE)gatherM)suspicionF)loadN)trackedG)miserableO)watchingH)pressureSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThePlaceWherethePoorOnceThrivedThisisthelandofopportunity.Ifthatweren’talreadyimpliedbythelandscape—rollinggreenhills,?palmtrees,sun-kissedflowers—thenit’sevidentinthemanystoriesofpeoplewhogrewuppoorinthesesleepyneighborhoodsandrosetoenormoussuccess.PeoplelikeTriTran,whofledVietnamonaboatin1986,showedupinSanJosewithnothing,madeittoMIT,andthenfoundedthefood-deliverystart-upMunchery,whichisvaluedat$300million.Indeed,datasuggeststhatthisisoneofthebestplacestogrowuppoorinAmerica.Achildbornintheearly1980sintoalow-incomefamilyinSanJosehada12.9percentchanceofbecomingahighearnerasanadult,accordingtoalandmarkstudyreleasedin2014bytheeconomistRajChettyandhiscolleaguesfromHarvardandBerkeley.Thatnumber—12.9percent—maynotseemremarkable,butitwas：KidsinSanJosewhosefamiliesfellinthebottomquintile（五分位數(shù)）ofincomenationallyhadthebestshotinthecountryatreachingthetopquintile.Bycontrast,just4.4percentofpoorkidsinCharlottemoveduptothetop;inDetroitthefigurewas?5.5percent.SanJosehadsocialmobilitycomparabletoDenmark’sandCanada'sandhigherthanotherprogressivecitiessuchasBostonandMinneapolis.ThereasonskidsinSanJoseperformedsowellmightseemobvious.Someoftheworld’smostinnovativecompaniesarelocatedhere,providingopportunitiessuchastheoneseizedbya12-year-oldMountainViewresidentnamedSteveJobswhenhecalledWilliamHewletttoaskforsparepartsandsubsequentlyreceivedasummerjob.Thisisacityofimmigrants—38percentofthecity'spopulationtodayisforeign-born—andimmigrantsandtheirchildrenhavehistoricallyexperiencedsignificantupwardmobilityinAmerica.Thecityhaslonghadalargeforeign-bornpopulation(26.5percentin1990),leadingtobroaderdiversity,,which,theHarvardandBerkeleyeconomistssay,isagoodpredictorofmobility.Indeed,thestreetsofSanJoseseem,insomeways,toembodythebestofAmerica.It'spossibletodriveinamatterofminutesfromsleek（光亮的）officetowersneartheairportwherepeoplepitchideastoinvestors,tosingle-familyhomeswithorangetreesintheiryards,ortoaVietnamesemall.Thelibrarieshereofferprogramsin17languages,andthereareareasfilledwithsmallbusinessesownedbyVietnameseimmigrants,Mexicanimmigrants,Koreanimmigrants,andFilipinoimmigrants,tonameafew.Butresearchersaren’tsureexactlywhypoorkidsinSanJosedidsowell.Thecityhasalowprevalence?ofchildrengrowingupinsingle-parentfamilies,andalowlevelofconcentratedpoverty,bothfactorsthatusuallymeanacityallowsforgoodintergenerationalmobility.ButSanJosealsoperformspoorlyonsomeofthemeasurescorrelatedwithgoodmobility.Itisoneofthemostunequalplacesoutofthe741thattheresearchersmeasured，andithashighdegreesofracialandeconomicsegregation（隔離）.Itsschoolsunderperformbasedonhowmuchmoneythereisinthearea,saidBenScuderi,apredoctoralfellowattheEqualityofOpportunityProjectatHarvard,whichusesbigdatatostudyhowtoimproveeconomicopportunitiesforlow-incomechildren.“There’salotgoingonherewhichwedon'ttotallyunderstand,”hesaid.“It’sinteresting,becauseitkindofdefiesourexpectations.”TheChettydatashowsthatneighborhoodsandplacesmatteredforchildrenbornintheSanJosearea?ofthe1980s.Whetherthecitystillallowsforupwardmobilityofpoorkidstoday,though,isupfordebate.Someoftheindicatorssuchasincomeinequality,measuredbytheEqualityofOpportunityProjectfortheyear2000,haveonlyworsenedinthepast16years.SomeSanJoseresidentssaythatasinequalityhasgrowninrecentyears,upwardmobilityhasbecomemuchmoredifficulttoachieve.AsSiliconValleyhasbecomehometomoresuccessfulcompanies,thefloodofpeopletotheareahascausedhousingpricestoskyrocket.Bymostmeasures,SanJoseisnolongeraplacewherelow-income,orevenmiddle-incomefamilies,canaffordtolive.RentsinSanJosegrew42.6percentbetween2006and2014,whichwasthelargestincreaseinthecountryduringthattimeperiod.Thecityhasagrowinghomelessnessproblem,whichittried.toaddressbyshuttingdown“TheJungle,”oneofthelargesthomelessencampments（臨時住地）inthenation,in2014.Inequalityisextreme.TheHumanDevelopmentIndex—ameasureoflifeexpectancy,educationandpercapita（人均的）income—givesEastSanJoseascoreof4.85outof10，whilenearbyCupertino,whereApple’sheadquarterssits,receivesa9.26.SanJoseusedtohaveahappymixoffactors—cheaphousing,closenesstoarapidlydevelopingindustry,tightly-knitimmigrantcommunities—thattogetheropenedupthepossibilityofprosperityforevenitspoorestresidents.Butinrecentyears,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed,theregion'srichandpoorhavesegregated,andmiddle-classjobshavedisappeared.Giventhis,thefuturefortheregion'spoordoesn'tlooknearlyasbrightasitoncedid.LeadersinSanJosearedeterminedtomakesurethatthecityregainsitsstatusasaplacewhereevenpoorkidscanaccesstheresourcestosucceed.WithSiliconValleyinitsbackyard,itcertainlyhasthechancetodoso.“IthinkthereisabroadconsciousnessintheValleythatwecandobetterthantoleavethousandsofourneighborsbehindthroughaperiodofextraordinarysuccess,”SanJoseMayorSamLiccardosaid.Butintoday’sAmerica—alandofrisinginequality，increasingsegregation，andstagnating（不增長的）middle-classwages—cantheSanJoseregionreallyonceagainbecomeaplaceofopportunity?TheideathatthoseatthebottomcanrisetothetopiscentraltoAmerica'sideasaboutitself.ThatsuchmobilityhasbecomemoredifficultinSanJoseraisesquestionsabouttheenduranceofthatfoundationalbelief.Afterall,iftheone-timelandofopportunitycan'tbefixed,whatdoesthatsayfortherestofAmerica?AccordingtosomepeoplelivinginSanJose,ithasbecomemuchharderforthepoortogetaheadduetotheincreasedinequality.InAmericanhistory,immigrantsusedtohaveagoodchancetomoveupwardinsociety.IftheproblemsofSanJosecan’tbesolved,oneofAmerica’sfundamentalbeliefsaboutitselfcanbeshaken.SanJosewasamongthebestcitiesinAmericaforpoorkidstomoveupthesocialladder.WhetherpoorkidsinSanJosetodaystillhavethechancetomoveupwardisquestionable.SanJose’sofficialsareresolvedtogivepoorkidsaccesstotheresourcesnecessaryforsuccessinlife.SanJoseappearstomanifestsomeofthebestfeaturesofAmerica.Asfarassocialmobilityisconcerned,SanJosebeatmanyotherprogressivecitiesinAmerica.DuetosomechangeslikeincreasesinhousingpricesinSanJose,theprospectsforitspoorpeoplehavedimmed.ResearchersdonothaveaclearideawhypoorchildreninSanJoseachievedsuchgreatsuccessseveraldecadesago.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Threechildrenineveryclassroomhaveadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.Halfofthesearebehaviouraldisorders,whileonethirdareemotionaldisorderssuchasstress,anxietyanddepression,whichoftenbecomeoutwardlyapparentthroughself-harm.Therewasanastonishing52percentjumpinhospitaladmissionsforchildrenandyoungpeoplewhohadharmedthemselvesbetween2009and2015.Schoolsandteachershaveconsistentlyreportedthescaleoftheproblemsince2009.Lastyear,overhalfofteachersreportedthatmoreoftheirpupilsexperiencementalhealthproblemsthaninthepast.Butteachersalsoconsistentlyreporthowill-equippedtheyfeeltomeetpupils’mentalhealthneeds,andoftencitealackoftraining，expertiseandsupportfromtheNationalHealthService（英國國家醫(yī)療服務體系）.Partofthereasonfortheincreasedpressureon.schoolsisthattherearenowfewer‘earlyintervention（干預）’andlow-levelmentalhealthservicesbasedinthecommunity.Cutstolocalauthoritybudgetssince2010haveresultedinasignificantdeclineoftheseservices,despitestrongevidenceoftheireffectivenessinpreventingcrisesfurtherdowntheline.Theonlywaytobreakthepressuresonbothmentalhealthservicesandschoolsistoreinvestinearlyinterventionservicesinsideschools.Therearestrongargumentsforwhyschoolsarebestplacedtoprovidementalhealthservices.Schoolsseeyoungpeoplemorethananyotherservice,whichgivesthemauniqueabilitytogettohard-to-reachchildrenandyoungpeopleandbuildmeaningfulrelationshipswiththemovertime.Recentstudieshaveshownthatchildrenandyoungpeoplelargelyprefertoseeacounsellorinschoolratherthaninan.outsideenvironment.Youngpeoplehavereportedthatforlow-levelconditionssuchasstressandanxiety,aclinicalsettingcansometimesbedaunting（令人卻步的）.Therearealreadyexamplesofinnovativeschoolswhichcombinementalhealthandwellbeingprovisionwithastrongacademiccurriculum.Thiswill,though,requireahugeculturalshift.Politicians,policymakers,commissionersandschoolleadersmustbebraveenoughtomaketheleaptowardsreimaginingschoolsasprovidersofhealthaswellaseducationservices.Whatareteacherscomplainingabout?Therearetoomanystudentsrequiringspecialattention.Theyareundertoomuchstresscounsellingneedystudents.Schoolsareinadequatelyequippedtoimplementanyintervention.D)Theylackthenecessaryresourcestoaddresspupils’mentalproblems.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcommunityhealthservicesinBritain?)Theyhavedeterioratedduetobudgetcuts.Theyfacilitatelocalresidents’everydaylives.Theyproveineffectiveinhelpingmentalpatients.Theycoverpreventativecareforthelocalresident.Wheredoestheauthorsuggestmentalhealthservicesbeplaced?Athome.B)Atschool.C)Inhospitals.D)Incommunities.49.Whatdowelearnfromtherecentstudies?A)Studentsprefertorelyonpeerstorelievestressandanxiety.B)Youngpeoplearekeenonbuildingmeaningfulrelationships.C)Studentsaremorecomfortableseekingcounsellinginschool.D)Youngpeoplebenefitfromvariouskindsofoutdooractivities.50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyaculturalshift(Line2,Para.6)?A)Simplificationofschools’academiccurriculums.B)Parents’involvementinschools’policy-making.C)Achangeinteachers’attitudestomentalhealth.D)Achangeintheconceptionofwhatschoolsare.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Picturethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It’satoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyouthroughthewholemovie,but$5.50forsomesugarydrinkseemsridiculous.Butthere’sathirdoption,amediumsodafor$5.25.Mediummaybetheperfectamountofsodaforyou,butthelargeisonlyaquartermore.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge(andtakingabathroombreakmidshow).Ifyou’rewonderingwhowouldbuythemediumsoda,theanswerisalmost.noone.Infact,there’sagoodchancethemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy（誘餌），makingyoumorelikelytobuythelargesodaratherthanthesmall.IhavewrittenaboutthispeculiarityinhumannaturebeforewithmyfriendDanAriely,whostudiedthisphenomenonextensivelyafternoticingpricingforsubscriptions（訂閱）toTheEconomist.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprintsubscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Nooneintheirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellforthesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoption?Arielyrananexper