2011走向高考-賈鳳山-高中總復(fù)習(xí)-英語(yǔ)-必修3-5

Ⅰ.詞匯1．________n.重要，重要性________adj.重要的2．________n.哲學(xué)________n.哲學(xué)家________adj.哲學(xué)的3．________n.思想家________v.思考，考慮________n.思維，思考，想法4．________n.善良________adj.善良的________adv.善良地5．________n.顧問(wèn)________v.建議________n.勸告，忠告________adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?，明智?．________n.誠(chéng)實(shí)________adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的________adj.(反義詞)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的7．________n.公正________adj.公正的________adj.(反義詞)不公正的8．________n.貢獻(xiàn)________v.貢獻(xiàn)9．________n.爭(zhēng)/辯論________v.爭(zhēng)/辯論________adj.爭(zhēng)/辯論的10．________n.狀況，條件，環(huán)境________adj.有條件的________adj.(反義詞)無(wú)條件的11．________v.強(qiáng)調(diào)________n.強(qiáng)調(diào)，緊張________adj.緊張的12．________v.辭職________n.辭職________adj.辭職的，服從的13．________v.發(fā)明________n.發(fā)明________n.發(fā)明家14．________adj.平等的________n.平等________v.使平等/相等15．________adj.有影響的________v．/n.影響16．________adj.柔軟的________adv.柔軟地________v.使柔軟答案：1.importance,important

2.philosophy,philosopher,philosophical

3.thinker,think,thought

4.kindness,kind,kindly

5.adviser,advise,advice,advisable

6.honesty,honest,dishonest

7.justice,just,unjust

8.contribution,contribute

9.argument,argue,arguable

10.condition,conditional,unconditional

11.stress,stress,stressful

12.resign,resignation,resigned

13.invent,invention,inventor

14.equal,equality,equalize

15.influential,influence

16.soft,softly,softenⅡ.短語(yǔ)1．look________照顧，照料2．believe________信任，信仰3．bring________養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)4．besimilar________與……相似5．beatwar________與……處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)6．beinterested________對(duì)……感興趣7．beproud________為……自豪8．bedifferent________與……不同9．________conclusion總之10．________thefirsttime首次，第一次答案：1.after

2.in

3.up

4.to

5.with

6.in

7.of

8.from

9.in

10.forⅢ.句型1．Mencius'sideas________very________________thoseofConfucius.孟子的思想和孔子的思想非常相似。2．AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoften________________________eachother.古代中國(guó)是一個(gè)國(guó)與國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地方。3．He________________________ofkindness,dutyandorderinsociety.他強(qiáng)調(diào)友善、職責(zé)和秩序在社會(huì)中的重要性。4．Menciusbelievedthat________________________manisdifferentfromanimalsis________manisgood.孟子相信人不同于動(dòng)物的原因是人性善。答案：1.were,similarto

2.atwarwith

3.stressedtheimportance

4.thereasonwhy;thatⅠ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1．equalvt.,adj.&n.知識(shí)拓展1)vt.等于；與……相等(＝beequalto)2)adj.(大小、數(shù)量、程度)相等的；勝任的3)n.同等的人和物equallyadv.同樣地；相等地equalityn.相等；平等；同等equalizevt.使相等；使平等鏈接：betheequalofone'swords說(shuō)到做到bewithoutequal無(wú)比；無(wú)敵beequaltosth./doingsth.等于；能勝任beequalto與……平等equalpayforequalwork同工同酬經(jīng)典在線(xiàn)①Apoundis_roughly_equal_to500grams.1磅約等于500克。(朗文P628)②Tradeshouldbalancewhensupply

equalsdemand.供需相當(dāng)時(shí)貿(mào)易便達(dá)到平衡。(朗文P628)③Hispaintingsarewithoutequal_intheWesternworld.他的畫(huà)在西方世界首屈一指。(朗文P628)辨析：equal,same1)equal可作形容詞、名詞和動(dòng)詞，作名詞時(shí)可以和a連用。2)same用作形容詞和代詞，其前一律用the。Theblacksdemand

equal

rights(anequalpay)．Theblacksdemandthesame

rights(thesamepay)．黑人要求平等的權(quán)利(相同的工資)。即學(xué)即用(2006·天津)Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast________importanceareskills.A．fair

B．reasonableC．equal D．proper答案：C2．ordern.次序；順序；整齊；秩序；命令；訂購(gòu)；vt.命令；指令；訂購(gòu)；安排；指導(dǎo)知識(shí)拓展byorderof奉……之命令inorderof以……的順序inorder井然有序；適宜的inorderto/that為了……outoforder紊亂的onorder已定購(gòu)的ingoodorder處于良好狀態(tài)keeporder維持秩序underorders奉命placeanorderforsth.訂購(gòu)某物①Helistedtheeventsin_orderofimportance.他按重要性的順序?qū)⑦@些事件列表。②Thatyoungteachercan'tkeep_orderinherclassroom.那位年輕教師無(wú)法維持班級(jí)秩序。③It'llbequitein_orderforyoutomakethissuggestionatournextmeeting.你在下次會(huì)議上提這個(gè)建議很合適。④They'regoingtoLondon

in_order_that

theymayseethequeen.為了見(jiàn)到女王他們打算到倫敦去。提示：引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，inorderto可置于句首也可置于句末；soasto只能置于句末。即學(xué)即用①Hisorderwasthatshe________nextday.A．returned B．returnC．wastoreturn D．wouldreturn答案：B②________catchthetrain,hehurriedthroughhiswork.A．Inorderto B．SoastoC．Inorderthat D．Sothat答案：

A3．contributionn.捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)①I(mǎi)gaveaten-dollar

contributiontothechurcheverySunday.我每個(gè)星期日捐10美元給教會(huì)。②Doyouconsidercontributionstothefundsadutyorapleasure?你認(rèn)為捐款給基金會(huì)是義務(wù)還是樂(lè)事？鏈接：1)makeacontributionto意為“為……做出貢獻(xiàn)”，還可以說(shuō)成makecontributionsto。Thevillagersmade_a_great_contributiontotheconstructionofthenewrailway.村民們?yōu)樾妈F路的建設(shè)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。2)contribute為動(dòng)詞，意為“捐獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)出；有助于”。①Hecontributed_totheRedCross.他給紅十字會(huì)捐了款。②Plentyoffreshaircontributes_togoodhealth.充足的新鮮空氣有助于健康。高考直擊(2008·湖北·21)Theyoungmanmadea________tohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhisownlivingaftergraduation.A．prediction B．promiseC．plan D．contribution答案：B考查名詞詞義辨析。prediction預(yù)言；promise諾言；plan計(jì)劃；contribution貢獻(xiàn)。句意：那位年輕人向他父母許下諾言(promise)畢業(yè)后他要自己謀生

即學(xué)即用Everyoneisencouragedto________foodandclothingfortherefugees.A．drift

B．distribute

C．contribute

D．a(chǎn)ttribute答案：C4．stressn.重壓，壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重音；vt.著重；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀①I(mǎi)nfact,stress

isn'tabadthing.事實(shí)上，壓力并不是一件壞事。②Imust

stressthatwehaven'tmuchtime.我必須強(qiáng)調(diào)我們沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間了。③StressandrhythmareimportantinspeakingEnglish.講英語(yǔ)時(shí)重音及節(jié)奏都很重要。知識(shí)拓展stressable

adj.可用重音讀的；可重讀的stressfuladj.產(chǎn)生壓力的；使緊迫的inthestressofthemoment一時(shí)緊張lay/place/putstresson把重點(diǎn)放在……上；在……上用力under/drivenbythestressof為……所迫；為……所驅(qū)使即學(xué)即用Susanwassurelyweigheddownby__________________________________.(考試壓力)答案：thestressofexaminations5．conditionn.條件；情形；環(huán)境；社會(huì)地位；vt.以……為條件，使達(dá)到要求①Thecarisin_very_good_condition.這輛汽車(chē)的狀況良好。②Thegiftgiventotheboywasconditioned

onhisgoodbehavior.給孩子的禮物是以他的表現(xiàn)好為條件的。知識(shí)拓展onconditionthat條件是onthis/thatcondition在這個(gè)/那個(gè)條件下onnocondition決不(＝innoway/bynomeans/atnotime/undernocircumstances)makeitaconditionthat...以……為條件beinaninterestingcondition有喜，有孕bein/outofcondition健康狀況好/不好beingoodcondition身體很好；完好無(wú)誤辨析：condition,state,situationcondition,state與situation都含有“情況”的意思。1)condition指“由于一定的原因、條件或環(huán)境所產(chǎn)生的特定情況”。Hiscondition

willnotpermithimtotravel.他的情況將不允許他去旅游。2)state是常用詞，指“人或物存在或所處的狀態(tài)”，但不著重于“這種狀態(tài)和具體原因或條件的關(guān)系”。Heisinagoodstate.他身體健康。3)situation指多種具體情況造成的綜合狀態(tài)，常著重這種狀態(tài)的影響或和處于該狀態(tài)的事物的關(guān)系。Weareinadifficultsituation.我們正處于一種困境。高考直擊(2009·陜西)Fromtheir________onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.A.stage B.positionC.condition D.situation答案：B考查名詞詞義辨析。stage“舞臺(tái)，時(shí)期，階段”；position“位置”；condition“條件，情況”；situation“形式，情況；情景”；根據(jù)空前的物主代詞their可以推斷出此處選B。句意為“從他們?cè)陔娨曀敳康奈恢?，游客們可以更好地看到這個(gè)城市的景色”。即學(xué)即用Youmayusemycar,________youdonotlendittoanyoneelse.A．ingoodcondition B．onconditionthatC．innoconditionto D．incondition答案：B6．resignn.辭去(職務(wù))；v.辭去，辭職MissWangresignedherpositionasasecretary.王女士辭去了她的秘書(shū)職務(wù)。知識(shí)拓展resignedadj.已辭職的；已放棄的resignationn.辭職；辭職書(shū)；放棄；順從notresignoneselfto不甘心resign...to...把……托付給……resignoneselfto聽(tīng)任；只好辨析：resign,retireresign與retire都含有“退職”的意思。1)resign表示因?qū)ぷ鞑粷M(mǎn)意或因工作上的失職而自愿“辭去”或被“辭退”職務(wù)，常與from連用。He

resigned_fromhisjobasaguardforhewasn'tinterestedinit.他因?qū)l(wèi)工作不感興趣而辭職了。

2)retire表示因年齡大或是身體不行，按國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定“退休”，并享受規(guī)定補(bǔ)助。Heretired_from

thebusinesswhenhewas60.他60歲時(shí)退休了。即學(xué)即用改錯(cuò)Hedidn'twanttoresignhimselfwithfortune.________________________________________________________________________答案：with改為toⅡ.難點(diǎn)突破1．bringup養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)；提出①Afterherparentswerekilledintheearthquake,thechildwas_brought_upbyheruncle.孩子的父母在地震中喪生后，她便由舅父撫養(yǎng)成人。②Iintendtobring

thematterupatthenextmeeting.我想在下次會(huì)議上把問(wèn)題提出來(lái)。知識(shí)拓展bringabout引起；實(shí)現(xiàn)；使發(fā)生bringforth生產(chǎn)；生(孩子)bringin獲利；引進(jìn)；介紹；收獲bringon引起；導(dǎo)致bringout生產(chǎn)；制造；出版bringround使蘇醒bringunder鎮(zhèn)壓；壓制；使就范bring...together集合；召集bringforward提出bringsth.tomind使想起即學(xué)即用Hisideaofhavingweeklyfamilymealtogether,whichseemeddifficultatfirst,has________manygoodchangesintheirlives.A．gotthrough B．resultedfromC．turnedinto D．broughtabout答案：D2．insomeways在某些方面知識(shí)拓展bytheway順便說(shuō)一下bywayof途經(jīng)，取道，為了……目的inaway在某種程度上inthe/one'sway擋道，阻礙innoway決不inthis/thatway用這種/那種方法onthewayto在去……途中；即將；將要underway已經(jīng)開(kāi)始進(jìn)行了makeone'sway前進(jìn)，向前走noway根本不，一點(diǎn)也不alltheway一路上givewayto讓步(＝giveinto)注意：1)inthis/thatway＝bythis/thatmeans＝withthismethod2)注意下面習(xí)慣用法Iliketheway(that/inwhich)sheorganizedthemeeting.3)innoway置于句首時(shí)，其后句子要部分倒裝。高考直擊(2007·陜西·13)—Ithinkheistakinganactivepartinsocialwork.—Iagreewithyou________.A．inaway B．onthewayC．bytheway D．intheway答案：A

inaway在某種程度上；ontheway在路上；bytheway順便說(shuō)一下；intheway擋路。即學(xué)即用Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathedidbut________hedidit.A．theway B．inthewaythatC．intheway D．thewaywhich答案：A3．inconclusion總之；最后；最終In_conclusion,_Iwouldliketowishyoucontinuedsuccessinthefuture.最后，祝你百尺竿頭，更進(jìn)一步。知識(shí)拓展reach/draw/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出結(jié)論；告一段落attheconclusionof當(dāng)……完結(jié)時(shí)bringtoaconclusion使結(jié)束；談定(買(mǎi)賣(mài)等)cometotheconclusionthat...所得的結(jié)論是……；斷定提示：inconclusion＝toconclude“最后”都作插入語(yǔ)用。To_conclude,_IwishyouaHappyNewYear.最后，祝你們新年快樂(lè)。即學(xué)即用單句改錯(cuò)Iwillsayafewwordsaboutdisciplinewithconclusion.________________________________________________________________________答案：with改為in4．thereasonwhy...isthat...(……的)原因是……①M(fèi)enciusbelievedthatthe_reason_whymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為人之所以不同于動(dòng)物是因?yàn)槿耸窍蛏频摹＂赥he_reason_whyheresigned

was_thathequarreledwithhisboss.他辭職的原因是他和老板吵架了。注意：1)在thereasonwhy...結(jié)構(gòu)中，why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它也可換為forwhich，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。如果關(guān)系詞取代先行詞reason在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等時(shí)，則用that或which。2)thereasonisthat...結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不要受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤用because。①The

reason_why/for_whichheleftisstillunknown.他離開(kāi)的原因仍然不為人知。②Noonebelievedthe_reason

that/whichhegave.沒(méi)有人相信他給出的原因。(that/which代替reason，在從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ))即學(xué)即用Wedon'tbelievethereason________hegaveforhisbeinglate.A．forwhich B．ofwhichC．why D．that答案：DⅢ.單元語(yǔ)法精講精練定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞