專題09 情景交際和主謂一致專項(xiàng)講練-2023中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（廣東專用）

2023中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（廣東專用）專題09情景交際和主謂一致■考點(diǎn)一、建議、勸告及應(yīng)答建議：Whynotdosth.？/Let'sdosth./ShallI/wedosth.？/Will/Wouldyoulikedosth.？/Will/Wouldyoulikesth…？/How/Whataboutdoingsth？勸告：You'dbetterdosth./You'resupposedto/shoulddosth./Youneed(to)dosth.接受：Goodidea./That/Itsoundsgreat.That/Itwouldbeverynice./Withpleasure./I'dlove/liketo./I'llbegladto./Yes，please.Certainly/Ofcourse/Sure./Noproblem./Iagree./Ithinkso.拒絕：I'mafraid/Ican't/I'mafraidnot./Idisagree./Idon'tthinkso./No，thanks./I'dlove/liketo，but…/Thankyou，but…■考點(diǎn)二、問(wèn)候、介紹和告別問(wèn)候：Goodmorning./afternoon/evening./Hello/Hi./Howdoyoudo./Nicetomeetyou./Howareyou？介紹：Thisis…/Mynameis…告別：Goodbye./Bye-bye./Seeyou(later)./Goodnight.■考點(diǎn)三、打電話請(qǐng)……聽電話：Hello.MayIspeaketo…，please？/Isthat…speaking？接電話：Holdon，please.He/Sheisn'tin.CanItakeamessage，please？/Speaking.電話中介紹自己：Thisis…詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)：Whoisthat？■考點(diǎn)四、感謝、祝愿與同情遺憾當(dāng)別人幫了你或贊揚(yáng)了你，你應(yīng)該表示感謝：Thankyouveymuch./Thanksalot./Manythanks./Thanksfor…當(dāng)別人要去做一件事時(shí)或有喜事時(shí)，你應(yīng)該表示祝愿：Goodluck./Bestwishes./Haveanicetime.當(dāng)別人發(fā)生不幸的事情，應(yīng)該表示同情與遺憾：Whatapity！/Iamsorrytohearthat.■考點(diǎn)五、就醫(yī)、就餐與購(gòu)物⑴就醫(yī)：醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話：What'swrongwithyou？/What'sthematterwithyou？/Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis？/Takethismedicinethreetimesaday./Nothingserious.等病人說(shuō)的話：I'vegotaheadache/fever/cold./Idon'tfeelwell/Iamnotfeelingwell./Thereissomethingwrongwith…for…days等。⑵就餐：服務(wù)員說(shuō)的話：CanIhelpyou？/WhatcanIdoforyou？/Whatwouldyoulikeforsupper？/Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink？/Whatelsewouldyoulike？顧客說(shuō)的話：I'dlikesome…/Givemesome…，please.等⑶購(gòu)物：導(dǎo)購(gòu)員說(shuō)的話：CanIhelpyou？/WhatcanIdoforyou？/Whatcolordoyoulike？/Whatsizedoyouwant？/Whatelsewouldyoulike等。顧客說(shuō)的話：I'dlikesome…/Givemesome…，please./Howmuchisit/arethey？/I'lltakeit./I'llthinkaboutit.等?！隹键c(diǎn)六、天氣、請(qǐng)求幫助⑴天氣：What'stheweatherlike…？/Howistheweather…？/It'ssunny/rainy/cloudy/snowy….⑵請(qǐng)求幫助：Excuseme，wouldyouminddoingsth/Wouldyoupleasedosth？■考點(diǎn)七、問(wèn)路、禁止、警告與常見標(biāo)志⑴問(wèn)路：Excuseme，couldyoupleasetellmethewayto…/whichisthewayto…/ifthereisa…nearhere等。Goalongtheroad./Takethesecondturningontheright/left./Godowntheroadtotheend./Youwon'tmissit.等⑵禁止或警告別人：Youcan'tdo./Youmustn't./Youarenotallowedto…/Ifyou…，youwill./Becareful./Takecare./Lookout.⑶常見標(biāo)志和說(shuō)明：EXIT(出口)./NOSMOKING(禁止吸煙)./ENTRANCE(入口)./NOPARKING.(不準(zhǔn)停車)./NOPHOTOS(不準(zhǔn)照相)./DANGER(危險(xiǎn))./BUSINESSHOURS(營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間)等主要考查方式單項(xiàng)選擇題主要題型1.—_________isitfromheretothetrainstation？—It’sabout10minutes’busride．A．Howfar B．Howlong C．Howsoon【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】距離（howfar）．2.—Youcometoschoolearlyeveryday．__________isitfromyourhometoschool？—It’sonlyaboutonekilometer．（）A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howmany D．Howfar【答案】D【解析】翻譯：--你每天來(lái)學(xué)校很早，從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？--大約1公里．根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“It'sonlyaboutonekilometer．”表路程，故直接選D【考點(diǎn)】距離（howfar）．3.—Ourmother'sbirthdayiscoming.Doyouwanttobuyawalletorascarfforher?—.Shejustgotabeautifulscarflastweek.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon'tC.AscarfD.Awallet【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交際。4.—Howwasyourlastweekend?—Itrainedalltheweekend.Ihadtostayathome.A.PrettygoodB.TerribleC.NotbadD.Great【答案】B【解析】句意：——上周怎么樣？——糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相當(dāng)好；B槽糕透了；C還不錯(cuò)；D太棒啦！根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知上周很槽糕，故選B?！究疾榻嵌取靠疾榻浑H用語(yǔ)?！镜淅觥?考點(diǎn)一、問(wèn)候1.A:Hello/Hi.B:Hello/Hi.2.A:Hello.Howareyou?B:I'mfine,thankyou.Howareyou?A:Verywell,thankyou.3.A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.B:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.4.A:Hi，Jim!B:Hi,Bob.Nicetoseeyouagain!5.Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourparents.?考點(diǎn)二、介紹1.自我介紹：(1)A:MynameisCindy.Gladtomeetyou.B:Nicetomeetyou.MynameisFrank.(2)A:Excuseme.What'syour(full)name,please?B:MynameisRobertThomasBrown.A:MayIcallyouRobert?B:Certainly./Ofcourse.2.介紹他人：(1)A:ThisisMs.Brown.B:Howdoyoudo？/Nicetomeetyou.C:MynameisAlan.Howdoyoudo？/Nicetomeetyou，too.(2)A:ThisisMr.Smith.B:Nicetomeetyou.C:Gladtomeetyou.注：在交際場(chǎng)合里，介紹常常伴隨著問(wèn)候，可參見問(wèn)候用語(yǔ)。?考點(diǎn)三、告別1.告別前，客方表示要離開的常用語(yǔ)：(1)I'mafraidImustbegoingnow./I'mafraidImustgonow.(2)Ithinkit'stimeformetoleavenow./Ithinkit'stimeforustogonow.2.雙方相互道別時(shí)的常用語(yǔ)：(1)Goodbye！/Byebye！/Bye!(2)Seeyoulater./Seeyoutomorrow./Seeyou.(3)Goodnight.?考點(diǎn)四、感謝和應(yīng)答1.感謝某人：(1)Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch./Thanks./Thanksalot.(2)Thankyouforyourhelp.(3)It'sverykind/niceofyou.(4)Thankyouanyway/allthesame.2.回答感謝時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：It'sapleasure./Mypleasure./That'sOK./That'sallright./You'rewelcome./Notatall.?考點(diǎn)五、道歉和應(yīng)答1.當(dāng)要麻煩別人時(shí)：(1)Excuseme.(2)Ibegyourpardon.2.當(dāng)做錯(cuò)某事時(shí)：(1)Sorry.(2)I'msorryfor(3)I'msorrythat3.回答道歉時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：That'sallright./That'sOK./Nevermind./It'snothing./Itdoesn'tmatter.?考點(diǎn)六、邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答1.表示邀請(qǐng)的用語(yǔ)：(1)Willyoucometomyparty?(2)Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?(3)How/Whataboutgoingforawalk?2.接受邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：(1)Yes,I'dlike/loveto.(2)Yes.It'sverykindofyou.(3)Thatwouldbenice.3.拒絕邀請(qǐng)時(shí)的答語(yǔ)：(1)No,thankyou.(2)I'dlove/liketo,but?考點(diǎn)七、請(qǐng)求和應(yīng)答1.表請(qǐng)求用語(yǔ)：(1)MayI?(2)Can/CouldI?(3)Wouldyoumindif?2.表肯定的答語(yǔ)：(1)Sure./Certainly.(2)Yes,doplease.(3)That'sallright.(4)Ofcourse，youcan.3.表否定的答語(yǔ)：(1)I'mafraidnot.(2)I'msorry,butyoumustn't/can't.(3)You'dbetternot.?考點(diǎn)八、祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答1.祝賀用語(yǔ)：(1)Haveagoodday/time!(2)Haveagoodjourney/trip!(3)Goodluck!(4)Enjoyyourself!(5)Bestwishestoyou!(6)HappyNewYear!(7)MerryChristmas!(8)Happybirthday!(9)Congratulations!(10)Welldone!2.應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)：(1)Thankyou.(2)You,too.(3)Thesametoyou.?考點(diǎn)九、提供幫助和應(yīng)答1.提供幫助：(1)CanIhelpyou?(2)Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?(3)WhatcanIdoforyou?(4)Letmehelpyou.2.肯定答語(yǔ)：(1)Yes,please./Yes,thanks.(2)Thankyou(foryourhelp).(3)Thatwouldbenice.3.否定答語(yǔ)：(1)No，thanks/thankyou.(2)That'sverykind/niceofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.?考點(diǎn)十、約會(huì)1.約會(huì)前詢問(wèn)對(duì)方有無(wú)空閑時(shí)間：Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening/Sunday?2.常用答語(yǔ)：(1)Yes，I'llbefreethen.(2)No,Iwon'tbefreethen.ButI'llbefreetomorrow.3.提出約會(huì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以征求對(duì)方意見的常用語(yǔ)：(1)Howabouttomorrowmorning?(2)Shallwemeetat3：00p.m.attheschoolgate?4.常用答語(yǔ)：Yes，that'sallright./Allright,seeyouthen.?考點(diǎn)十一、打電話1.打電話人常用語(yǔ)：(1)Hello!May/Can/CouldIspeakto,please?(2)Isthatspeaking？(注意：不能用Areyou？或Whoareyou？)(3)CanIleaveamessage?(4)I'llcallbacklater/again.(5)I'llringhim/herupagain.?考點(diǎn)十二、就餐1.主人常用語(yǔ)：(1)Whatwouldyouliketohave?(2)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?(3)Helpyourselftosomechicken.(4)Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?2.客人常用語(yǔ)：(1)Yes,I'dlikeadrink.(2)I'dlikericeandchicken.(3)Justalittle,please.(4)CanIhavesomemoresoup?(5)It'ssodelicious.Thankyou.(6)No,thankyou.I'vehadenough.(7)I'mfull,thankyou.?考點(diǎn)十四、看病1.醫(yī)生診斷常用語(yǔ)：(1)What'sthematter？/What'swrongwithyou?(2)Whatseemstobethetrouble?(3)Doyouhaveafever?(4)Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?(5)It'snothingserious.(6)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.(7)You'llbeallright/wellsoon.2.病人敘述病情常用語(yǔ)：(1)Ifeelterrible/bad.(2)Idon'tfeelwell.(3)I'vegotacough/headache.(4)I'vegotapainhere.(5)There'ssomethingwrongwithmyeyes.(6)Ithurtshere.(7)Ican'tsleepwell.?考點(diǎn)十五、購(gòu)物1.售貨員常用語(yǔ)：(1)Can/MayIhelpyou?(2)WhatcanIdoforyou?(3)Howmany/muchwouldyoulike?(4)Whatcolor/size/kinddoyoulike/want?(5)Whataboutthisone?(6)Here'syourchange.2.顧客常用語(yǔ)：(1)Iwant/I'dliketobuy(for)．(2)Howmuchisit/arethey?(3)MayItryiton?(4)It'stoobig/small.(5)Sorry，it'stooexpensive.(6)Doyouhaveanyothercolors/sizes/kinds?(7)Twoandahalfkilos/pounds，please.(8)That'sfine.I'lltakeit.(9)Justhavealook.(10)Well,I'llthinkaboutit.?考點(diǎn)十六、問(wèn)路和應(yīng)答1.問(wèn)路用語(yǔ)：(1)Excuseme,whereisthenearestpostoffice?(2)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?(3)Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?(4)Howfarisit?(5)WhichbuscanItake?2.應(yīng)答：(1)It'soverthere.(2)It'snexttothe/infrontofthe/behindthe/betweenand(3)It'sabout500metersfromhere.(4)Godownthisstreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.(5)Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing/corner.(6)Youcan'tmissit.(7)YoucantakebusNo.103.(8)You'dbettertakeataxi.(9)Sorry，Idon'tknow.I'mastrangerhere.(10)It'sabout15minutes'walk.?考點(diǎn)十七、談?wù)撎鞖?.詢問(wèn)天氣情況：(1)What'stheweatherliketoday?(2)How'stheweatherinBeijing?2.陳述天氣情況：(1)Whatacold/hotdaytoday!(2)It'sanice/fine/beautiful/horribledaytoday.(3)It'ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.(4)It'sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.?考點(diǎn)十八、語(yǔ)言交際困難Pardon？/Ibegyourpardon.Sorry，Ican'tfollowyou.Couldyouspeakagain/moreslowly?HowdoyousayinEnglish?Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.Howdoyouspellit,please?I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.?考點(diǎn)十九、提醒注意Don'tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Mindyourhead/step!Nospitting！Wetfloor!Lookout!Becareful!Don'ttouch！It'sdangerous!?考點(diǎn)二十、勸告You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Don'trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.?考點(diǎn)二十一、建議Let'sgoandhavealook.What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?Whydon'tyoubuyacomputer?Whynotgotoamovie?Shallwegothisafternoon??考點(diǎn)二十二、態(tài)度1.同意和不同意：(1)表示贊同的常用語(yǔ)：Certainly./Sure./Ofcourse./Yes,please./Yes,Ithinkso./Allright./OK./That'sagoodidea./Iagree(withyou)．(2)表示不同意的常用語(yǔ)：No,Idon'tthinkso.I'mafraidnot.Ireallycan'tagreewithyou.(3)表示不完全贊同的常用語(yǔ)：Yes,maybe./Youmayberight.2.希望和愿望：Iwishtoseeyouagain.Ihopetobecomeadoctor.Ihopeitstaysfine.Ihopeso.Ihopenot.3.表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì)：(1)表示表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì)的常用語(yǔ)：Verygood！/Welldone！/Wonderful！/Excellent！/YouspeakEnglishverywell！/Yourdressisbeautiful！/Comeon！/Keeptrying！/Youcandoit!(2)應(yīng)答：Thankyou.OK，I'lltryitagain.?考點(diǎn)二十三、情感1.高興：Howwonderful/nice!That'slovely/great/wonderful!I'mhappy.It'swelldone.I'mpleasedtoknowthat.2.滿意：Good！/Welldone！/Perfect！/That'sfine./That'sbetter./That'sgoodenough./I'mpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.3.驚奇：Really？/Ohdear！/Isthatso？/Whatasurprise！/Hownicetoseeyou！/Howsurprising！/I'msurprised.4.憂慮：What'swrong?What'sthematter?Anythingwrong?Whatshouldwedo?5.恐懼：Help!Howterrible!I'mafraidofthatdog.I'mterrifiedofthelion.I'mfrightened.6.安慰：Don'tbeafraid.Don'tworry.It's(quite)allright.7．遺憾同情：I'msosorry!I'msorrytohearthat.Whatapity!Whatashame!That'stoobad.【易錯(cuò)易難】考點(diǎn)一、忌上詞下用上詞下用指的是答句部分沿用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞，按表層意思似乎合情合理，但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”，需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。避免“上詞下用”誤區(qū)的方法：一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目；二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語(yǔ)境；三是確認(rèn)正確的話語(yǔ)方式。例：—Howwasyourlastweekend?—Itrainedalltheweekend.Ihadtostayathome.A.PrettygoodB.TerribleC.NotbadD.Great【答案】B【解析】句意：——上周怎么樣？——糟糕透了。下了一周雨。我不得不呆在家里。A相當(dāng)好；B槽糕透了；C還不錯(cuò)；D太棒啦！根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知上周很槽糕，故選B?！究疾榻嵌取靠疾榻浑H用語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)二、忌中文思維與上詞下用比較，這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑力，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論按題目?jī)?nèi)容或是按思維方式來(lái)考慮，都非常符合中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然，掌握英漢兩種語(yǔ)言和文化之間的相同和相異之處，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。我們解題失誤之一是按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語(yǔ)、選答案，這屬于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的“負(fù)遷移”。例：—Ourmother'sbirthdayiscoming.Doyouwanttobuyawalletorascarfforher?—.Shejustgotabeautifulscarflastweek.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon'tC.AscarfD.Awallet【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交際?？键c(diǎn)三、忌直接回絕這主要是指在對(duì)方要求得到幫助，提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，回答過(guò)于直接，不夠委婉。盡管從語(yǔ)義角度分析是沒(méi)毛病的，但不符合英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的交際習(xí)慣?！罢?qǐng)求”方面的問(wèn)話有MayI…？/CanI…？/IwonderifIcould…/DoyoumindifI…？等；“邀請(qǐng)”方面的問(wèn)話有Willyou…？/Wouldyouliketo…？/I’dliketoinviteyouto…等。在作否定回答時(shí)，為了表示禮貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉詞，如But，I’mafraid/I’msorry/Thanks等。例：—Wouldyouliketogoforawalkwithme?—.ButIhavetocleanthelivingroomfirst.A.Yes,IwouldB.No,Iwouldn'tC.SorryD.Yes,I'dloveto【答案】D【考查角度】考查情景交際?？键c(diǎn)四、忌答非所問(wèn)應(yīng)該說(shuō)答非所問(wèn)的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺(jué)，如果問(wèn)話與答話的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)相關(guān)性的話，學(xué)生可以迅速排除。有時(shí)雙方的對(duì)話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián)，但仔細(xì)推敲發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)答語(yǔ)并不切題。最典型的例子是Withpleasure和It’sapleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“沒(méi)問(wèn)題；非常愿意”；后者一般在事后回答，表示“不必謝；不用客氣”?！狣on’teatjunkfood.It’sbadforyou.—___________. A.Sorry,Iwon’t B.Sure,Iwill C.Takeiteasy D.Nevermind【答案】A【解析】句意：—不要吃垃圾食品了。它對(duì)你是有害的?！猒_______。A.對(duì)不起，我將不會(huì)了；B.當(dāng)然可以，我將會(huì)；C.慢慢來(lái)；D.不要緊。否定祈使句的回答應(yīng)該為Sorry,Iwon’t。【考查角度】考查交際用語(yǔ)。

主謂一致中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要包括以下三種情況：1．名詞作主語(yǔ)；表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；“the＋姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)；一些以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，如news，maths；“不定代詞＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，如bothof，neither等。2．主語(yǔ)后帶有with，except，like，aswellas等介詞短語(yǔ)。3．就近原則，如therebe句型，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso等。■考點(diǎn)一、語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。①當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或bothand連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。②不定代詞either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，noone，nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike？你的自行車有什么毛病嗎？Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。③由each，eachandeach，everyandevery，every作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新書。④主語(yǔ)后有with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，nolessthan，morethan，including，besides，like，except，but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來(lái)北京。⑤“anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹木被砍倒了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。⑥“alotof(lotsof，plentyof，apileof，pilesof，mostof)＋名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)＋名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去過(guò)那兒。⑦由“apair(akind，aseries)＋of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs(kinds)＋of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作十五雙鞋。⑧某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂詞動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Myshoeswerewornout.我的鞋子穿壞了。⑨不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)?！纠俊狧owmuch________thepairofshoes?—Twentydollars________enough.(2017，南寧預(yù)測(cè))A．is；isB．is；areC．a(chǎn)re；isD．a(chǎn)re；are【答案】A【解析】thepairofshoes的中心詞是pair，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；把twentydollars看成整體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。【例】There________anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem________increasing.(2016，煙臺(tái))A．has；isB．have；areC．a(chǎn)re；isD．is；are【答案】C■考點(diǎn)二、意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。①由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，如果是指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.那位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給我們作報(bào)告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。②表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。③集體名詞如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government，如果表示整體概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。④people，police，cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如：Whatis/arethreetimesthree？3乘以3是多少？【例】There________forty-twostudentsinourclasslastterm.(2016，梧州)A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were【答案】C【解析】forty-twostudents表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，則therebe句型中的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，由句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastterm可知應(yīng)用be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式?！纠縚_______Lily________Lucyisgoingwithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A．Notonly；butalsoB．Neither；norC．Both；andD．Either；or【答案】A■考點(diǎn)三、就近原則有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致，這種原則叫做就近原則，又叫做鄰近原則。①由eitheror，neithernor，notonlybut(also)．..，notbut或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。NotonlyJimbutalsohisparentswanttoliveinChina.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。②Therebe和Herebe這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Thereisanappleandtwobananasonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩根香蕉?！纠縏here________someflowersontheteacher'sdeskjustnow，butnowthere________nothingonit.A．have；hasB．were；hasC．were；isD．has；has【答案】C【解析】第一空應(yīng)根據(jù)someflowers來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，justnow表明是一般過(guò)去時(shí)；第二空根據(jù)nothing來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，now表明一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主要考查方式單項(xiàng)選擇題主要題型1.Thetwinsfondofthenewideainthemagazinearticle.A.be B.am C.is D.are【答案】D【解析】試題分析：befondof意為“喜愛(ài)；喜歡”。由thetwins可知句子的主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)人，故選are。2.Thenumberofthevolunteerinourcity2，000.Andsixtypercentofthemteachersandstudents.A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are【答案】B3.BothKateandIreadyforthenewhighschoollife.A.am B.is C.are D.be【答案】C【解析】句意：凱特和我都為新的中學(xué)生活做好了準(zhǔn)備。bothand連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選C。4.MysisterwithmyparentsdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.A.aremaking B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.weremaking【答案】C5.Andy，withhisparents，toHongKong，andtheywillstaythereforaweek.A.havegone B.hasgone C.havebeen D.hasbeen【答案】B【解析】句意：安迪和他的父母已經(jīng)去了香港，他們將在那里待上一個(gè)星期。“have/hasbeento+地點(diǎn)”意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”；“have/hasgoneto+地點(diǎn)”意為“已經(jīng)去了某地”。從后一分句知，Andy和其父母是已經(jīng)去了香港，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；本句的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)Andy，而介詞短語(yǔ)withhisparents作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故選B。【典例精析】考點(diǎn)一、意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的意義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Mathsisdifficultforus.數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難。Thepolicearetryingtosearchforthethiefonthehill.警察們正在山上盡力搜查小偷。例Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.is B.are C.have D.has【答案】：A【解析】：在本句中，句子主語(yǔ)為woman，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。本句為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，排除D項(xiàng)。2.語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：Mybikeisunderthetree.我的自行車在樹下。Thesebooksareold.這些書是舊的。例TheGreensdinnerinthekitchennow.A.ishaving B.having C.arehaving【答案】：C【解析】：theGreens意為“格林一家；格林夫婦”，表復(fù)數(shù)意義，故選C。3.就近原則就近原則即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被某些連詞(短語(yǔ))連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的詞保持一致。如：Eithermyfatherorbrotheriscoming.我父親來(lái)，要不然就是我弟弟來(lái)。Notonlyyoubutalsotheyaregoodstudents.不僅你是好學(xué)生，而且他們也是好學(xué)生。例Thisismytwinsister，Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.is B.am C.are【答案】：B考點(diǎn)二、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由and或bothand連接兩個(gè)名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ)，表示不同的人或事物時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：JohnandMikearegoodfriends.約翰和邁克是好朋友。Bothbreadandmilkaregoodforyou.面包和牛奶對(duì)你都有好處?！咀⒁狻縜nd連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，在意義上指同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：ThefamoussingeranddanceriscomingtoChongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來(lái)重慶?？键c(diǎn)三、“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”作主語(yǔ)名詞或代詞后接aswellas，with，alongwith，togetherwith，except，but等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語(yǔ)前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我，沒(méi)人知道?？键c(diǎn)四、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)1.當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each，neither，either，every修飾或each，neither，either作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachstudenthasabook.每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。Eitheransweriscorrect.兩個(gè)【答案】都是正確的。Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都沒(méi)有和他在一起。Everyminuteisimportanttous.每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。2.當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了嗎?Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天沒(méi)有人離開。例NowthestudentseachanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.has B.have C.ishaving D.arehaving【答案】：B考點(diǎn)五、Therebe和Herebe的就近原則Therebe和Herebe結(jié)構(gòu)后面接并列名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be均應(yīng)與最近的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：Thereisapen，apencil，aknifeandthreebooksonthedesk.書桌上有一支鋼筆，一支鉛筆，一把刀和三本書。Herearesomeflowersandacard.這里有一些花和一張卡片。例—Whyareyouinsuchahurry，Mike?—ThereanNBAbasketballgameintenminutes.A.willhave B.willbe C.isgoingtohave D.aregoingtobe【答案】：B考點(diǎn)六、特殊名詞作主語(yǔ)1.國(guó)名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語(yǔ)。(人名)2.“the+形容詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示某類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顧。Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人講話要有禮貌。3.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞，如news，plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理對(duì)我來(lái)講很難Thenewswasveryexciting.這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。4.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。AChinesewantstoseeyou.一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見你。Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那邊有10只綿羊在吃草?！咀⒁狻緾hinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一國(guó)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：TheChinesespeakChinese.中國(guó)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。例Physicsmoreinterestingthanmaths，Ithink.A.are B.is C.was D.were【答案】：B考點(diǎn)七、表數(shù)量概念的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)1.表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？醋饕粋€(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就過(guò)去了。Tendollarsisenough.10美元就夠了。100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。2.加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一個(gè)【答案】。Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.許多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。4.“oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。5.therestof短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不見了。6.“noneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那兒沒(méi)有狗。7.“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“許多/大量的……”，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……的數(shù)量”，其中心詞為number，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberoffarmersarestandingoverthere.許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolhasreachedover2，000.這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2000多人。8.“alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來(lái)確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Alotoftimeisneeded.需要大量的時(shí)間。Plentyofworkersareworking.許多工人在工作。例—Whatthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.AnumberofthemfromEngland.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are【答案】：A解析：第一空處的主語(yǔ)為thenumberofthestudents，用is填寫；第二空處的主語(yǔ)為anumberofthem，用are填寫?？键c(diǎn)八、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourbody.做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。Toplaywithfirenearagasstationisverydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要。例TolosethemselvesintheNetbaronteenagers’future.A.haveabadeffect B.hasabadeffectC.haveagoodeffect D.hasagoodeffect【答案】：B【易錯(cuò)易難】考點(diǎn)一、就近原則出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱單復(fù)數(shù)須和最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。考點(diǎn)二、意義一致原則主語(yǔ)形式是單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義要用復(fù)數(shù)；反之主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。如表示一筆錢，一段時(shí)間，一定重量時(shí)，這些單位雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)三、語(yǔ)法一致一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。細(xì)則如下：1.由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，notonly…butalso，or等）連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorTom_____(be)athome.2.在倒裝句和therebe句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。There_____(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.There______(come)thebus.3.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。Iknowthemanwho_____(be)talkingtomyfather.4.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致。ItisMary’sbrotherwho_____(be)injuredinthecaraccidentyesterday.5.從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作