江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校2024屆高三第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，號(hào)生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?A.Hecan’tbuytraintickets.B.Hegoestothewrongplatform.C.He’sunsureofthetrainschedule.2.Whowillprobablyhelpthewoman?A.Asalesperson.B.Arepairman.C.Amachinedesigner.3.Wheredidthespeakersprobablyknoweachother?A.Atapark.B.Atacompany.C.Atasoccerteam.4.Whenwillthespeakersmostlikelymeetnext?A.OnJune15th.B.OnJune22nd.C.OnJune29th.5.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Sharinghistoricalknowledge.B.Doingaschoolproject.C.Cheeringthewomanup.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Employerandemployee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Friends.7.Whichtypeofmoviedothespeakerslikemost?A.Mysteryfilms.B.Comedyfilms.C.Actionfilms.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whoisthewoman?A.Anorganizer.B.Avolunteer.C.Abusinesswoman.9.Whydoesthewomanholdtheevent?A.Toputonvariousshows.B.Tohelpthelocalhospital.C.Toattractmoreinvestment.10.Howcanthemanhelpthewoman?A.Bydonatingmoney.B.Byarrangingactivities.C.Bylookingforvolunteers.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howdoesthemanfeelatfirst?A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Satisfied.12.Wheredothespeakersusuallygoonholiday?A.Inmountainregions.B.Inthecitycenter.C.Onthebeach.13.Whatdothespeakersprobablylearnnext?A.Skiing.B.Swimming.C.Sailingboats.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atschool.B.Atalocalpark.C.Atarestaurant.15.Whatwillthespeakersdotostarttheirnewplan?A.Bringtheirfriendstogether.B.Gettheirschool’ssupport.C.Setupalocalgroup.16.Whatistheevent’smaingoal?A.Settingupanorganization.B.Seekingfinancialsupport.C.Promotingpeople’sawareness.17.Whenwillthespeakershavetheirfirstmeeting?A.Tomorrow.B.Thisweekend.C.NextSaturday.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakerprobablydoing?A.Teachingaclass.B.Chairingameeting.C.Introducingapainting.19.Whatmadethedeepestimpressiononthespeaker?A.Theinkpaintings’history.B.Thebeautifulnaturallandscapes.C.Theinkpaintings’worldwideinfluence.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydonext?A.Sharehistravelstories.B.Showphotosoftigers.C.Analyzesomeartworks.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyoureadytogobig,brightandboldthelastnightoftheyear?Ifso,thesedestinationsaroundtheworldhaveawell-deservedreputationforthrowingagreatNewYear’sEvegala.BangkokBangkokoftencomestomindwhentravelersseekoutAsia’sbestnightlifecities.Soit’sanaturalplacetoringinthenewyearifyoulikecrowds,brightlights,noiseandcarnivals.YoumaywanttocontinuethecelebrationatoneofBangkok’sstunningbarssuchasSkyBeachBangkok,thecity’shighestbar,orSirocco,alsosethighabovethebustlingstreets.RiodeJaneiroIfyouwanttogreetanewyearwithabout3millionothersoulsinawarmbeachresortwithstrongBrazilianatmosphere,headtoRiodeJaneiro.ThemaingatheringatCopacabanaBeach,whichstartsevenbeforedark,traditionallyfeaturesavarietyofmusicalactsandfireworks.IfyouwanttopartyinclassicRiostyle,payavisittoJobiBar.It’sasocialinstitutioninthecity,havingbeenopensincethe1950s.NewYorkCityTimesSquareinManhattan-it’ssynonymouswithNewYear’sEveacrosstheUnitedStates.Evenifyouhaven’tbeenthereinpersonforthe10-9-8countdown,there’sagoodchancethatyou’vewatchedthefamousballdropontelevision.Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.1.Whatdothethreespotshaveincommon?A.Youcanseetheballdrop. B.YoucanexperiencetheBrazilianatmosphere.C.Youcanbesurroundedbymassesofpeople. D.Youcanappreciatethefireworksallnightlong.2.WhatcanyouexperienceinRiodeJaneiro?A.Arivercruise. B.Musicalperformances.C.Fireworksfromhilltops. D.DeliciousfoodinclassicRiostyle.3.WhereareAmericansmostlikelytogoonNewYear’sEve?A.JobiBar. B.TimesSquare. C.ProspectPark. D.CopacabanaBeach.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三個(gè)著名的旅游勝地舉辦的盛大的跨年晚會(huì)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bangkok中關(guān)鍵句“Soit’sanaturalplacetoringinthenewyearifyoulikecrowds,brightlights,noiseandcarnivals.(因此，如果你喜歡人群、明亮的燈光、噪音和狂歡節(jié)，那么這里是迎接新年的自然之選)”，RiodeJaneiro中關(guān)鍵句“Ifyouwanttogreetanewyearwithabout3millionothersoulsinawarmbeachresortwithstrongBrazilianatmosphere,headtoRiodeJaneiro.(如果你想在溫暖的海灘度假勝地和300萬(wàn)人一起迎接新的一年，那就去里約熱內(nèi)盧吧)”及NewYorkCity中關(guān)鍵句“Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.(如果你不想和一半的人擠在時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)，那就在布魯克林展望公園旁邊的陸軍廣場(chǎng)放煙花，盡情享受吧)”可知，這三處的共同點(diǎn)是你可能會(huì)被一大群人包圍。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RiodeJaneiro中關(guān)鍵句“ThemaingatheringatCopacabanaBeach,whichstartsevenbeforedark,traditionallyfeaturesavarietyofmusicalactsandfireworks.(科帕卡巴納海灘的主要聚會(huì)甚至在天黑之前就開(kāi)始了，傳統(tǒng)上以各種音樂(lè)表演和煙花為特色)”可知，在里約熱內(nèi)盧可以體驗(yàn)音樂(lè)表演。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)NewYorkCity中關(guān)鍵句“TimesSquareinManhattan-it’ssynonymouswithNewYear’sEveacrosstheUnitedStates.(曼哈頓時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)——它是美國(guó)新年前夜的代名詞)”及“Ifyoudon’tfeellikejammingintoTimesSquarewithwhatmustfeellikehalfofallhumanity,setofffireworksandfunatGrandArmyPlaza,whichisjustoffProspectParkinBrooklyn.(如果你不想和一半的人擠在時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)，那就在布魯克林展望公園旁邊的陸軍廣場(chǎng)放煙花，盡情享受吧)”可推知，美國(guó)人在新年前夕最有可能去時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。B“Mom?”echoedmydaughter’svoiceonmyphone.“I’vemessedup.”MyheartsankandIstartedtrembling.Iheardamaninstructinghertoliedownandmy15-year-olddaughter,Briana,wasataskiingcompetitionwithmyhusbandtwohoursaway,andIwasinmycar,pickinguphersisterAubrey,whois13,fromdanceclass.Overthephone,IheardBrianacryingandshouting,“Helpme!’Mybloodranicecoldandmylegsturnedtojelly.“Youneedtopay$1mifyouwanttoseeheragain,”themanthreatened.Ididn’thavethatkindofmoney,soagreedtogivehim$50,000.Nopartofmequestionedwhetherthiswasactuallyreal—everyinstinctwithinmewasscreamingouttodoanythingtosavemydaughter’slife.Comingoutofclasstohearwhattheemergencywasabout,Aubreywasthrownintoapanictoo.Oneofthemotherswhohadbeencalling911suspecteditwasanAIscamwhichusedvoiceclonesgeneratedbyartificialintelligence,oneofthelatesttechniquesusedbycriminalshopingtoswindlepeopleoutofmoney.ButIjustcouldn’tacceptit.Iwouldn’thavemistakenaboutmydaughter’svoice.Eventually,myhusbandconfirmedBriana’ssafety,tomyrelief.ButIwasdevastatedtohearthatthepoliceonlyconsideredthisafakecall,andwouldn’tinvestigateitbecausenoonehadbeenhurtandnomoneyhadbeentaken.Theysaidtherehadbeenmanyreportsofthemrecently…Reunitingwiththefamily,weheldtogether,gratefulforoursafety.It’ssaidthatallyouneedisthreesecondsofaudiotocopyaperson’svoice.I’mnervousabouthownewtechnologylikeAIcanbeusedtoharmchildren.Havingseenfirst-handhowscarythesethingscanbe,Iamdeterminedtoprotectmyfamilyandothersfromsimilarthreatsinthefuture.4.Whatdidthemotherfeelwhenshereceivedthecall?A.Frightened. B.Relieved. C.Frustrated. D.Annoyed.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthecall?A.Itthreatenedthedaughters’life.B.Itwasconfirmedbythehusband.C.Therearemanysuccessfulreportsofthemrecently.D.Therewasalackofevidenceforthepolicetotakeaction.6.WhatwilltheauthordoconcerningAIaftertheincident?A.EmbraceAIwithoutcaution. B.MindthefutureharmofAI.C.RelymoreonAIforsafetymeasures. D.QuestiontheroleofAIintheincident.7.WhoismostlikelytobethetargetofAIscamaccordingtothetext?A.Middleschoolstudentswholikestreamingvideos.B.GrandparentswholikewatchingsoapoperasonTV.C.ParentswhosharevideosoftheirchildrenonTiktok.D.Youngpeoplewhoareaddictedtoonlinevideogames.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者經(jīng)歷的一次利用人工智能的騙局。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“MyheartsankandIstartedtrembling.(我的心一沉，開(kāi)始顫抖)”和“Mybloodranicecoldandmylegsturnedtojelly.(我的血液變得冰冷，我的腿緊張得發(fā)軟)”可知，作為母親的作者接到電話后感到非常害怕。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ButIwasdevastatedtohearthatthepoliceonlyconsideredthisafakecall,andwouldn’tinvestigateitbecausenoonehadbeenhurtandnomoneyhadbeentaken.(但當(dāng)我聽(tīng)說(shuō)警方只是認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)假電話，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人受傷，也沒(méi)有錢被拿走，所以不會(huì)調(diào)查這件事時(shí)，我非常震驚)”可知，因?yàn)槿狈ψC據(jù)，警方無(wú)法對(duì)該電話采取行動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“I’mnervousabouthownewtechnologylikeAIcanbeusedtoharmchildren.Havingseenfirst-handhowscarythesethingscanbe,Iamdeterminedtoprotectmyfamilyandothersfromsimilarthreatsinthefuture.(我很擔(dān)心像人工智能這樣的新技術(shù)會(huì)被用來(lái)傷害兒童。親眼目睹了這些事情有多可怕，我決心在未來(lái)保護(hù)我的家人和其他人免受類似的威脅)”可知，在這件事之后，作者決定要留心人工智能未來(lái)的危害。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’ssaidthatallyouneedisthreesecondsofaudiotocopyaperson’svoice.(據(jù)說(shuō)你只需要三秒鐘的音頻就能復(fù)制一個(gè)人的聲音)”可知，復(fù)制一個(gè)人的聲音需要至少三秒鐘的音頻。由此推知，在抖音上分享孩子視頻的父母最有可能成為人工智能騙局的目標(biāo)。故選C項(xiàng)。CThereareamassofmythsaboutreindeer,andatleastoneofthemistrue:Theyliveinfar-offareasthatgetplentifulsnow.Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外線),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(視網(wǎng)膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.Onepotentialexplanationforitsspecialvisionisprotectionfrompredators.Awhitewolfonsnowmightbedifficulttobeseenforhumanbutappeardarkertoareindeerduetothereflectionofultravioletlightbysnowandabsorptionbythewolf’shair.Thatalsoappliestofindingfood.Forreindeer,theirdietismostlycomprisedoflichens(地衣),someofwhicharewhiteandcangetcoveredinsnow.Soaresearchteamfocusedontheparticularlichensthatreindeereattofigureouthowtheorganisms’interactionwithlightaffectedhowthereindeerwouldseethem.Dominyexplainedthat,justlikethewolves,thelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforareindeerlookingaroundforfood.Whatislikewisevitalforreindeeristhatanextralayerintheirretinasadjustsinthewinter—whenit’ssnowyanddark—tobecomemoresensitivetothatultravioletlight.RobertFosbury,aretiredastrophysicistwhonowstudiestherelationshipbetweenlightandlife,saidthatextralayeriscommonamongmanyanimals,butnotitsvariability.Reindeervisionisveryspecialinthatit’sreallytheonlyanimalthatisknowntodramaticallychangeitsvisualcapabilitiesbetweenthewinterandthesummer.There’sstillmoretolearnaboutthereindeer’seyes,likewhethereatingthoselichenscanevenprotectthemagainstpotentialdamagefromtheultravioletlight.Inthemeantime.DominysaidonedefinitewayyouandyourkidscankeepthosespecialeyeshealthyiswithvitaminC,whichhasbeenshowntoshieldeyesfromultravioletlightdamage.8.Whichstatementregardingultravioletlightistrue?A.Itcanhardlypassrightthroughreindeereyesandcontactwithretina.B.ItsdamagetohumaneyescanbehealedthroughVitaminC.Whensnowyanddark,itismoreeasilydetectedbyreindeerretina.D.Itdoesharmtobothreindeereyesandhumaneyes.9.Whydothelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforthereindeer?A.Thelichensabsorbsultravioletlightreflectedbysnow.B.Thelichensarefamiliartothereindeer.C.Thecolorofthelichensisthesameasthesnow.D.Extralayerinreindeerretinasadjustsbecauseoftheultravioletlight.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph3probablymean?A.Changeability. B.Reliability. C.Stability. D.Capability.11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Reindeereyescanadjustwiththehelpofultravioletlight.B.Theuniquenessofreindeereyesaidsthemtofindfoodinthesnow.C.Ultravioletlightcanhelpreindeertosurviveinthesnow.D.Theretinaofreindeerisdifferentfromthatofhumankind.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了馴鹿眼睛的獨(dú)特性幫助它們?cè)谘┑乩飳ふ沂澄?。?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外線),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(視網(wǎng)膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.(當(dāng)你最喜歡的食物是白色的時(shí)候，生活在冬日仙境可能是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，但科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到馴鹿的視力很特殊，它們可以探測(cè)到紫外線，紫外線可以直接穿過(guò)馴鹿的眼睛組織并與視網(wǎng)膜接觸，但對(duì)人類的眼睛有害。)”以及第三段中“Whatislikewisevitalforreindeeristhatanextralayerintheirretinasadjustsinthewinter—whenit’ssnowyanddark—tobecomemoresensitivetothatultravioletlight.(對(duì)馴鹿來(lái)說(shuō)同樣重要的是，它們的視網(wǎng)膜上額外的一層在冬天進(jìn)行調(diào)整——當(dāng)下雪和黑暗的時(shí)候——對(duì)紫外線更敏感。)”可知，當(dāng)下雪和天黑時(shí)，馴鹿的視網(wǎng)膜更容易檢測(cè)到紫外線。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Awhitewolfonsnowmightbedifficulttobeseenforhumanbutappeardarkertoareindeerduetothereflectionofultravioletlightbysnowandabsorptionbythewolf’shair.Thatalsoappliestofindingfood.Forreindeer,theirdietismostlycomprisedoflichens,someofwhicharewhiteandcangetcoveredinsnow.Soaresearchteamfocusedontheparticularlichensthatreindeereattofigureouthowtheorganisms’interactionwithlightaffectedhowthereindeerwouldseethem.Dominyexplainedthat,justlikethewolves,thelichenspopoutagainstthewhitesnowforareindeerlookingaroundforfood.(雪地上白狼對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)可能很難看到，但對(duì)馴鹿來(lái)說(shuō)，由于雪反射紫外線和狼的毛發(fā)吸收，白狼的顏色會(huì)更暗。這也適用于尋找食物。對(duì)于馴鹿來(lái)說(shuō)，它們的食物主要由地衣組成，其中一些是白色的，可以被雪覆蓋。因此，一個(gè)研究小組專注于馴鹿吃的特定地衣，以弄清楚這種生物與光線的相互作用如何影響馴鹿看到它們的方式。多米尼解釋說(shuō)，就像狼一樣，地衣在白雪的襯托下為四處尋找食物的馴鹿突然冒出來(lái)。)”可知，地衣吸收雪反射的紫外線，從而造成了與雪不同的顏色，導(dǎo)致地衣似乎會(huì)在白色的雪地上為馴鹿而冒出來(lái)一樣，很容易被馴鹿看到。故選A?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三段中劃線詞所在句下文“Reindeervisionisveryspecialinthatit’sreallytheonlyanimalthatisknowntodramaticallychangeitsvisualcapabilitiesbetweenthewinterandthesummer.(馴鹿的視覺(jué)非常特別，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰阎脑诙竞拖募局g視覺(jué)能力發(fā)生巨大變化的動(dòng)物。)”可知，馴鹿的視覺(jué)具有可變性；由此可知，“RobertFosbury,aretiredastrophysicistwhonowstudiestherelationshipbetweenlightandlife,saidthatextralayeriscommonamongmanyanimals,butnotits

variability.(退休的天體物理學(xué)家羅伯特·福斯伯里(RobertFosbury)現(xiàn)在正在研究光與生命之間的關(guān)系，他說(shuō)，在許多動(dòng)物中，額外的一層是很常見(jiàn)的，但不是它的variability。)”中的劃線詞variability的含義是“可變性”，此句指的是“在許多動(dòng)物中，額外的一層是很常見(jiàn)的，但是視覺(jué)能力具有可變性不常見(jiàn)。A.Changeability可變性，變動(dòng)性；B.Reliability可靠性；C.Stability穩(wěn)定性；D.Capability能力。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Thereareamassofmythsaboutreindeer,andatleastoneofthemistrue:Theyliveinfar-offareasthatgetplentifulsnow.Livinginthatwinterwonderlandcanbeachallengewhenyourfavoritefoodiswhite,butscientistshavebeenawareofforawhilethatreindeer’svisionispeculiarandthattheycandetectultravioletlight(紫外線),whichcandirectlypassthrougheyes’tissuesandmakecontactwiththeretina(視網(wǎng)膜)inreindeerbutcanbeharmfultohumaneyes.(當(dāng)你最喜歡的食物是白色的時(shí)候，生活在冬日仙境可能是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，但科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到馴鹿的視力很特殊，它們可以探測(cè)到紫外線，紫外線可以直接穿過(guò)眼睛組織，與馴鹿的視網(wǎng)膜接觸，但對(duì)人類的眼睛有害。)”可知，文章主要介紹了馴鹿眼睛的獨(dú)特性幫助它們?cè)谘┑乩飳ふ沂澄?。故選B。DWiththefirstlunarlandingsbackinthe60s,itcanbehardtograspwhythemoonremainssuchatoughdestination.RecentlytheVulcanCentaurrocketsentthePeregrinespacecraftontheperfectflightforitslandmarkmissiontothemoon.Thesuccessprompteda“Yee-haw!”fromToryBruno,thechiefexecutiveofaprivatecompanywhichbuilttherocket:thiswastheVulcan’sfirstflight,aflawlesslaunch.Butitwasn’tlongbeforethemoodshifted,thecompanyfoundthespacecraftwasleakingfuel,withoutwhichthechancesoflandingsoftlyonthemoonrapidlyfelltozero.Onefundamentalchallenge,saysJanW?rner,aformerdirectorgeneraloftheEuropeanSpaceAgency(Esa),isweight,asspacecraftmustbelightweightforsuccessfulflights.Plus,unlikemass-producedsystems,spacecraftlackstandardizeddesigns,makingeachmissionunique.Oncepositionedinspace,theyoperateindependentlywithnoopportunityforrepair.Testing,then,iscritical.Whilerocketscanbeputthroughtheirpaces,theoptionsaremorelimitedforspacecraft.Testscancheckwhetherpower,navigation,communicationsandinstrumentswork,andspacecraftareshakentoensuretheycanenduretheintensevibrationsoflaunch,butthereisnogoodwaytosimulate(模擬)amoonlanding.“Itismuchhardertoqualifyalunarlanderthanmanyotherspacesystems,”saysDettmann,Esa’slunarexplorationgroupleader.Despiteits70yearsofinstitutionalknowledgeandculturegearedtowardsdesigning,buildingandtestingspacecraft,NASA,however,islookingtocutdownoncostsandstimulatetheUSspaceindustrybypayingprivatecompanies,suchasAstroboticandtheHouston-basedIntuitiveMachines,todeliveritsinstrumentstothemoon.Thecompromiseisagreaterriskoffailure.“Thesecompaniesareallrelativelynew.AndcomparedtoNASA,theyaredoingthesemissionsonpocketchange,”saysDrJoshuaRasera.aresearchassociateatImperialCollegeLondon.Butthestrategyshouldpayoff,hesays,becausecompanieslearnfromtheirfailures.“Itstillendsupbeingcheaperoverthetotalnumberofmissions,”hesays,“evenifthefirstfewmaybecrash.”12.WhatpromptedapositivereactionfromToryBrunoaftertheVulcanCentaurrocket’slaunch?A.Itsflawlesslanding. B.Itssuccessfulnavigation.C.Itsfirstflightachievement. D.Itsperfectfuelconsumption.13.Whyisitmoredifficultinqualifyingalunarlandercomparedtootherspacesystems?A.Lackoftestingoptions. B.Difficultyinspacecraftdesign.C.Limitedinstitutionalknowledge. D.Intensevibrationsduringlaunch.14WhatisJoshuaRasera’sattitudetowardprivatecompanies?A.Dismissive. B.Unclear. C.Critical. D.Approving.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheMoon:WhyaToughDestination. B.PrivateCompanies:LessonstoLearn.C.MoonMission:ToLeaveortoContinue. D.Vulcan’sFirstFlight:AFlawlessLaunch.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了月球仍然是一個(gè)艱難的目的地的原因，并探討了NASA和其他私人公司如何應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesuccessprompteda“Yee-haw!”fromToryBruno,thechiefexecutiveofaprivatecompanywhichbuilttherocket:thiswastheVulcan’sfirstflight,aflawlesslaunch.(這一成功促使制造火箭的一家私營(yíng)公司的首席執(zhí)行官托里·布魯諾發(fā)出了“呀呼！”：這是火神號(hào)的首次飛行，是一次完美的發(fā)射)”可知，托里·布魯諾在火箭成功發(fā)射后做出了積極反應(yīng)，是因?yàn)檫@是火神號(hào)的首次飛行，是一次完美的發(fā)射。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Testing,then,iscritical.Whilerocketscanbeputthroughtheirpaces,theoptionsaremorelimitedforspacecraft.Testscancheckwhetherpower,navigation,communicationsandinstrumentswork,andspacecraftareshakentoensuretheycanenduretheintensevibrationsoflaunch,butthereisnogoodwaytosimulate(模擬)amoonlanding.(因此，測(cè)試至關(guān)重要。雖然火箭可以進(jìn)行測(cè)試，但航天器的選擇更為有限。測(cè)試可以檢查電力、導(dǎo)航、通信和儀器是否工作，航天器是否受到震動(dòng)，以確保它們能夠承受發(fā)射時(shí)的強(qiáng)烈振動(dòng)，但沒(méi)有好的方法來(lái)模擬登月)”可知，與其他太空系統(tǒng)相比，使月球著陸器具備資格更困難的原因在于測(cè)試選項(xiàng)有限。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthestrategyshouldpayoff,hesays,becausecompanieslearnfromtheirfailures.“Itstillendsupbeingcheaperoverthetotalnumberofmissions,”hesays,“evenifthefirstfewmaybecrash.”(但他表示，這一戰(zhàn)略應(yīng)該會(huì)有回報(bào)，因?yàn)楣緯?huì)從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。“它最終仍然比任務(wù)總數(shù)花費(fèi)少，”他說(shuō)，“即使前幾次可能會(huì)失敗?！?”可知，JoshuaRasera認(rèn)為私營(yíng)公司可以從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)，推測(cè)其對(duì)私營(yíng)公司的態(tài)度是贊同的。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Withthefirstlunarlandingsbackinthe60s,itcanbehardtograspwhythemoonremainssuchatoughdestination.(隨著60年代首次登月，很難理解為什么月球仍然是一個(gè)如此艱難的目的地)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了月球仍然是一個(gè)艱難的目的地的原因，所以“月球：為什么是一個(gè)艱難的目的地”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyouareeasilydistractedorunabletoconcentrate,you’renotalone.AccordingtoarecentPsychologicalAssociationpoll,nearlytwoinfiveadultsreportthatwhentheyarestressed,theycan’tbringthemselvestodoanything.___16___.However,therearesomewaysyoucanoptimizetoimproveyourconcentration.●Prioritizeyourhealthandwellness.___17___,yourconcentrationisbest.Keepyourbloodsugarandenergybalancedthroughoutthedaybytakingmicrobreaksforself-care.Youwillhavedifficultyconcentratingifyouareoverworkedandburnedout.●___18___Ifyouwanttosetyouupforsuccessfortherestoftheday,makeitaruletodosomethingaboutself-careinthemorning.Setyouralarm20—30minutesearlierandtakeafewmomentswhenyouwakeuptojournal,haveyourcoffeeoutinnature,dosomestretching,makeyourbed,orsetyourintentionsfortheday.Researchshowsthatadisruptioninyourmorningroutinehasrippleeffectsthroughouttheday.●Structureyourday.Designateperiodsoftimefordifferenttasksoractivitiesandcommittothoseboundaries.Besuretoscheduleintimeforself-careandtimetoaccessthesupportyouneedsoyoucanrechargeyourbatteriesandmaintainfocus.___19___.●Silenceyourinnersaboteur(怠工者).Weallhavethatvoiceinourheadthatputsusdownandoverwhelmsuswithnegativethoughts.___20___.Itisalsobettertoreplacethatvoicewithself-careandself-affirmation,whichwillimproveself-esteemandself-confidencesothatwearemoreconfidentinourabilitytofocusandachieveourgoals.A.FormamorninghabitB.IfyoudevotemoreeffortstostudyC.Inthisway,wewillbecomedepressedD.AllowtimetotransitionbetweenactivitiesE.However,wecanturnadeafeartoitgraduallyF.Whenyouhavepropersleep,nutritionandwork-lifebalanceG.Stresscausesforgetfulnessandimpactstheabilitytoconcentrate【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些幫助人們提高注意力的方法?！?6題詳解】前文“Ifyouareeasilydistractedorunabletoconcentrate,you’renotalone.AccordingtoarecentPsychologicalAssociationpoll,nearlytwoinfiveadultsreportthatwhentheyarestressed,theycan’tbringthemselvestodoanything.(如果你很容易分心或無(wú)法集中注意力，你不是一個(gè)人。根據(jù)心理協(xié)會(huì)最近的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查，近五分之二的成年人表示，當(dāng)他們感到壓力時(shí)，他們無(wú)法讓自己做任何事情)”表明因壓力導(dǎo)致無(wú)法做事情的情況在成年人中很普遍，因此G項(xiàng)“Stresscausesforgetfulnessandimpactstheabilitytoconcentrate(壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致健忘，影響集中注意力的能力)”符合語(yǔ)境，解釋壓力對(duì)人的負(fù)面影響，承接前文，其中的Stress和前文的stressed呼應(yīng)，concentrate在前文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G。【17題詳解】后文“yourconcentrationisbest.Keepyourbloodsugarandenergybalancedthroughoutthedaybytakingmicrobreaksforself-care.(你的注意力是最好的。通過(guò)微休息實(shí)現(xiàn)自我照顧，保持你的血糖和能量一整天的平衡)”建議要有休息，保持良好健康狀態(tài)，因此F項(xiàng)“Whenyouhavepropersleep,nutritionandwork-lifebalance(當(dāng)你有適當(dāng)?shù)乃?、營(yíng)養(yǎng)以及工作與生活的平衡)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明這種情況下注意力最佳，引出后文的建議，其中的sleep和后文的microbreaks呼應(yīng)，balance和后文的balanced呼應(yīng)。故選F?！?8題詳解】空處是段落標(biāo)題，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，且需和其他段落標(biāo)題一樣使用祈使句的形式。根據(jù)后文“Ifyouwanttosetyouupforsuccessfortherestoftheday,makeitaruletodosomethingaboutself-careinthemorning.Setyouralarm20—30minutesearlierandtakeafewmomentswhenyouwakeuptojournal,haveyourcoffeeoutinnature,dosomestretching,makeyourbed,orsetyourintentionsfortheday.(如果你想讓自己在接下來(lái)的一天里都能成功，那就在早上做一些自我照顧的事情。把鬧鐘調(diào)早20到30分鐘，醒來(lái)的時(shí)候花點(diǎn)時(shí)間寫日記，在戶外喝杯咖啡，做些伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)，整理床鋪，或者設(shè)定一天的目標(biāo))”可知，本段主要建議養(yǎng)成稍微早起做一些有益活動(dòng)的習(xí)慣，因此A項(xiàng)“Formamorninghabit(養(yǎng)成早上的習(xí)慣)”符合語(yǔ)境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選A?！?9題詳解】前文“Designateperiodsoftimefordifferenttasksoractivitiesandcommittothoseboundaries.Besuretoscheduleintimeforself-careandtimetoaccessthesupportyouneedsoyoucanrechargeyourbatteriesandmaintainfocus.(為不同的任務(wù)或活動(dòng)指定時(shí)間段，并遵守這些時(shí)間段。一定要安排好自我照顧的時(shí)間和獲得所需支持的時(shí)間，這樣你就可以給自己充電，保持專注)”建議劃分并遵守不同的時(shí)間段，留出自我照顧、獲得支持的時(shí)間，因此D項(xiàng)“Allowtimetotransitionbetweenactivities(在活動(dòng)之間留出過(guò)渡時(shí)間)”符合語(yǔ)境，建議安排好過(guò)渡時(shí)間，承接前文，其中的activities在前文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。【20題詳解】前文“Weallhavethatvoiceinourheadthatputsusdownandoverwhelmsuswithnegativethoughts.(我們的腦海中都有這樣的聲音，它讓我們沮喪，讓我們被消極的想法淹沒(méi))”描述我們內(nèi)心有變得沮喪消極的聲音，后文“Itisalsobettertoreplacethatvoicewithself-careandself-affirmation,whichwillimproveself-esteemandself-confidencesothatwearemoreconfidentinourabilitytofocusandachieveourgoals.(用自我照顧和自我肯定來(lái)代替這種聲音也更好，這將提高自尊和自信，這樣我們就會(huì)對(duì)自己專注和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的能力更有信心)”給出解決這種情況更好的方法，因此E項(xiàng)“However,wecanturnadeafeartoitgradually(然而，我們可以逐漸對(duì)它置若罔聞)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出應(yīng)忽視這種聲音，承接前文，后文和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，其中的it指代前文的thatvoice。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mywife,Hannah,andIdon’tusuallykeephouseplants.Butaftermy___21___withtheterminalbraincancer,Ilovedtheideaofhavingsomethingnewandgreenaround.MyfriendMitchgavemewhathesaidwasaluckybambooplantinadeep-greenpotterybowl.___22___theplantgavemeasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenIsometimesfelt___23___.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromothers.Wateringtheplant,smallactasitwas,connectedmetoacorepartofmyold___24___andtaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.Overthenextfewmonths,Irecovered___25___surgery.Andthebamboohadnearlydoubledinheightanditsleaveswereshinyandlush.Then,___26___,nomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptbrowningand___27___tothefloor.Igrewmoreandmore___28___anduneasy.Icouldn’t___29___thefeelingthattheplanthadbecomea___30___ofmyownhealth.Itsfallenleavesmightsignalthe___31___ofmybraincancer.Later,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmynurturingoftheplantwithmyownsurvival,overwhichIhadno___32___.Asmyanxietylessened,followingtheonline___33___,Itransplantedthebambootoalargerpottogiveitmoreroomtogrow.Itbegantothriveagain.Iftheplant___34___me,IhopeitwillcomfortHannahandremindherthatourlargecommunitywillcontinueto___35___herafterIamgone.21.A.illness B.condition C.diagnosis D.suffering22.A.Turningto B.Lookinginto C.Growingup D.Tendingto23.A.helpless B.useless C.hopeless D.meaningless24.A.identity B.personality C.quality D.quantity25.A.against B.in C.to D.from26.A.nevertheless B.therefore C.moreover D.hence27.A.dropping B.landing C.decreasing D.filling28.A.optimistic B.frustrated C.worthless D.annoyed29.A.forget B.feel C.move D.shake30.A.signature B.coincidence C.symbol D.mark31A.rebirth B.reoccurrence C.request D.