2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十二）

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十二）一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2022?青浦區(qū)二模）ItwasthoughtthatMicrobes（細(xì)菌）insediments—solidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquidbeneaththeseafloordiedabove80°C，butscientistshavefoundsomethatcansurviveupto120°Candpossiblyhighertemperatures.Thediscoveryshowsthatlifeinseafloorsedimentscansurvivehighertemperaturesthanpreviouslythought."Iwouldthinkthatwhereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms，（1）find（s）away."saysTinaTreudeattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Itispossiblethatthereislifeatevenhighertemperatures."Theonlywaytofindoutistogobackand（2）deeper，"shesays，thoughinlabexperimentssofar，nomicrobeshavebeenfoundtogrowabove122°C.Theresearcherswerealsoableto（3）outandcountcellsusingaspecialdevice.Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陳代謝的）rates."Itwasastonishinglyhigh，"saysTreude.Thissurprisedtheteambecauseitisthe（4）ofwhathasbeenfoundinshallowersediments，whereitismuchcolder.Microbesare（5）there，buttheirmetabolismsareextremelyslowandindividualmicrobesmightliveformillionsofyears.At120°C，theheatisdoingalotofdamagetocells，somicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage.Itisa（n）（6）tostayalive，saysTreude.Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare，astheteamwasunableto（7）theirDNA.Norisitclearhowtheycametobeinthesediments，giventhatthiswouldhavebeenaverycoldenvironmentforalongtimeafterthesedimentsthatthesamplescamefromwerefirst（8）.However，afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresentwhenthesedimentsweredeposited，andtheymayhavesomehow（9）untiltemperaturesbegantoriseduetobeing（10）undermorematerial，saysteammemberFelixBeuligatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.Asthetemperaturesrose，allthemicrobesthatweren't（11）ofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff，saysteammemberFlorianSchubertattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam."Themicrobesthatcannot（12），theyjustdie，"hesays.PatrickForterreatthePasteurInstituteinParissaysthatwhilethereare（13）resultsshowingmicrobegrowthat106°C，nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122°C."It'sverydifficultto（14）theuppertemperaturelimit，"hesays.Heistherefore（15）oftheideaofmicrobeslivingnormallyat120°C，buthedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures.（1）A．lifeB．energyC．bacteriaD．voyage（2）A．thinkB．researchC．practiseD．drill（3）A．spreadB．figureC．separateD．reach（4）A．oppositeB．evidenceC．coincidenceD．resemblance（5）A．moderateB．existentC．swiftD．plentiful（6）A．gameB．a(chǎn)pproachC．raceD．solution（7）A．explodeB．identifyC．locateD．a(chǎn)ttack（8）A．formedB．depositedC．taggedD．covered（9）A．stuckonB．movedawayC．diedoffD．runout（10）A．exposedB．removedC．buriedD．washed（11）A．tolerantB．a(chǎn)fraidC．tiredD．careful（12）A．translateB．a(chǎn)daptC．escapeD．furnish（13）A．variousB．falseC．reliableD．different（14）A．passB．breakC．outstepD．determine（15）A．capableB．doubtfulC．sickD．ignorant二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2019秋?黑龍江期末）Mygrandparentscanbegoodfun．Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive．Theyexercisebyplayinggolfandtheygooutformealsandtothetheater．Sometimestheytakemeout，too．Wehaveagoodtime．Theyalsogoongreatholidays．Lastyear，theywenttoChinaandwalkedalongtheGreatWall!Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．Lifewasverydifferentwhentheywereyoungandtherearemanythingsaboutmylifethattheydonotunderstand．Theytellme，overandover，howtheyhadtostartworkat16．TheyknowthatIwillgoontouniversityandwillnotbegettingajobuntilIamabout22！TheyalsothinkthatIhavetoomanypossessions（財(cái)產(chǎn)），suchasmobilephones，computersandPSPs．Whentheywereyoung，theydidnothaveanythinglikethat．Whattheydonotrealizeisthattheycannotcomparechildrenatpresenttime．Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．（1）Grandparentsdonotworkanymorebecause．A．theyaretiredB．theywanttoplaygolfC．theyareretiredD．theywanttoenjoytheirlife（2）Mygrandparentsareoldandtheyleada（n）life．A．a(chǎn)ctiveB．boringC．sadD．hard（3）Mygrandparentssometimescriticizeme．Onereasonisthat．A．Idon'tgoongreatholidayswiththemB．Iwon'tworkuntil22C．theyhadtoworkat16D．childrentodayhaveaneasylife（4）Grandparentswhentheywereyoung．A．hadthesamelifeaswehavetodayB．hadthesamekindsofthingsaswehaveC．hadthesamekindsofthingsaspeopleoftheirageD．hadmanypossessionslikemobilephones（5）Iwithmygrandparents．A．a(chǎn)greeB．disagreeC．quarrelD．fight3．（2020春?洛川縣校級(jí)月考）Lastweek，EducationSecretaryArneDuncandeclaredwaronpapertextbooks．"Overthenextfewyears，"hesaidinaspeechattheNationalPressClub，"textbooksshouldbeabandoned．"Intheirplacewouldcomeavarietyofdigital﹣learningtechnologies，likee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsites．Suchtechnologiescertainlyhavetheirplace．ButSecretaryDuncanisthreateningtolightafiretoatried﹣and﹣truetechnology﹣goodoldpaper﹣thathasbeenthefoundationforoneofthegreateducationalsystemsontheplanet．Andwhilee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesmayseemappealing，theideaofreplacinganeffectivelearningplatformwithawidelyhyped（炒作）butstillunprovenoneisextremelydangerous．Anexpertonreading，MaryanneWolf，hasrecentlybegunstudyingtheeffectsofdigitalreadingonlearning，andsofartheresultsaremixed．SheworriesthatInternetreading，inparticular，couldbesuchasourceofdistractions（分散注意力）forstudentsthattheymaycanceloutmostotherpotentialbenefitsofaWeb﹣linked，e﹣learningenvironmentandwhileit'struethatthehigh﹣techindustryhassponsoredsubstantialamountsofresearchonthepotentialbenefitsofWeb﹣basedlearning，notenoughtimehaspassedforlongitudinal（縱向的）studiestodemonstratethefulleffects．Inaddition，digital﹣readingadvocatesclaimthatlightweighte﹣booksbenefitstudents'backsandsaveschoolsmoney．Buttherollingbackpackseemstohavesolvedtheweightproblem，andtheshockingcoststooutfiteverystudentwithane﹣reader，providetechnicalsupportandpayforregularsoftwareupdatespromisetomakethee﹣textbookaverypriceychoice．Asbothateacherwhousespapertextbooksandastudentofurbanhistory，Ican'thelpbutwonderwhatparallelsexistbetweenmyownfieldandthissudden，wholesaleabandonmentofthetechnologyofpaper．（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Multi﹣mediawebsitesandgoodoldpaperarekindsofdigital﹣learningtechnologies．B．Digitallearningtechnologieswillreplacethepapertextbookssoonerorlater．C．E﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesarelearningmethodsthatareprovedeffective．D．Atried﹣and﹣truetechnologyispapertextbooks，longusedineducationalsystem．（2）Whatisthedrawbackofpapertextbooksaccordingtothepassage？A．Theirweight．B．Theirprice．C．Theircontent．D．Theirappearance．（3）WhatworriesMaryanneWolfisthat．A．paperlearningcanprovidemorepotentialbenefitsB．studentsmaynotfocusonlearningbydigitalreadingC．digitalreadingcan'tprovidepotentialbenefitsforusersD．theresultsofdigitalreadingeffectsareunderstandable（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsdigital﹣learning？A．Disapproving．B．Supportive．C．Positive．D．Objective．4．（2020秋?新華區(qū)校級(jí)期中）Iwasspeakingtothefaculty（全體教師）atJohnF.KennedyElementarySchoolinCanton，Massachusetts，acoupleweeksago.Iarrivedearlyanddecidedtotakeawalk.TherewasaLittleLeaguefieldnearby.Ispottedasignonthefence.Thesign，postedbytheCantonLittleLeague，read：PLEASEREMEMBER?Thesearekids.?Thisisagame.?Thecoachesvolunteer.?Youdon'tplayfortheRedSox（anAmericanprofessionalbaseballteam）.Ihadtolaugh，especiallyatthejokeabouttheRedSox.ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports﹣kids，parents，coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues﹣whatisimportantaboutthegames.First，kidswhoplayarejustkids.Theyarenotminiprofessionalathletes.Soyouthsportsleaguesandcoachesshouldtakeiteasyonthem.Kidsdon'tneedlongschedulesandlotsoffarawaygamesorhigh﹣pressuretournaments.Adultsshouldtrytosetupyouthleaguessomorekidsplaywithandagainstkidsfromnearbyschoolsandneighborhoods.Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.Kidsshouldn'tplayonesportyear﹣round.Andeveryoneshouldstopworryingaboutwhichteamwinsorloses.Afriendofminewhocoachedalotofyouthteamsoncetoldme，"Whenyoucoachkids，it'snothowmanyyouwinorlose，buthowmanysignupfornextseason."AccordingtotheAspenInstitute'slatest"StateofPlay"report，fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12（37percent）areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011（42percent）.Theaimofyouthsportsshouldbetohavefun，learnsomeskillsandenjoybeingpartofateam.Whenwelosesightofthosesimplegoals，thegamessuffer，andthekidsstayaway.Maybein2021everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.Allyouwouldhavetodoischangethenameoftheteam.（1）Howmighttheauthorfeelseeingthesignonthefence？A．Relieved.B．Worried.C．Confident.D．Disappointed.（2）What'stheauthor'sadviceforadults？A．Goeasyonkids.B．Chooseyouthleaguescarefully.C．Encouragekidstosticktoonesport.D．Makeayear﹣roundscheduleforkids.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromtheAspenInstitute'sreport？A．Kidstodayarelessathletic.B．Feweryouthleaguesarebeingsetup.C．Youthgroupsportsarelosingpopularity.D．Kidsarefocusingmoreonsucceedingthantrying.（4）Whatistheauthortryingtodointhelastparagraph？A．Givepraise.B．Expressawish.C．Offersympathy.D．Showdetermination.三．信息匹配（共1小題）5．（2020春?興慶區(qū)校級(jí)期中）TheFarmers'FreshMarketThismorning，IwenttotheFarmersMarketinBurlington，Vermont．Ididn'tknowwhattheFarmersMarketisorhowtogetthere．（1）First，Ihadtodecidehowtogothere，andIchosebothtowalkandtotakeabus．WhenIwent，IwouldwalkandwhenIcameback，Iwouldtakeabus．（2）Walkingtothemarketinthiscity，Iwassurprisedbecauseeveryhousewasbeautiful，andtheywereallarrangedingoodorder．InKorea'scities，mosthousesarenotlikethat，andmanyapartmentsarelikeboxeswhichoftenscreenoffbeautifulviewslikehillsandmountains．Also，everyroadisnotstraightandnarrow．（3）（4）Itwasaverysmallmarket，butaveryinterestingone．Idon'tknowwhyfarmersgotheretosellvegetablesorwhypeoplegotheretobuythembecausetherearemanymoreproductsinlargesupermarkets．（5）Also，allthethingssoldtherewereverynovel．Inadditiontofreshfood，therewashomemadefoodandmanyotherthingssuchaswoolenblankets，quilts，andwoodenproducts．Iwantedtobuysomeofthem，butIdidn'tneedthem，soIjustlookedatthem．Itwasaveryexcitingexperience．A．Ivisitedaflowerstandatthemarket．B．Anyway，IwasabletofindtheFarmers'Market．C．So，tome，thisAmericantownwasveryimpressive．D．Idecidedtogoearlybecausethemarketisheldinthemorning．E．Iknewthatitwouldtakealongtimetowalk，butIwantedtoseeanAmericantown．F．Iwasattractedbythecomfortablehouseswheretheylivedandthecarsthattheydrove．G．IthinkthereasonisthattheonessoldintheFarmers'Marketarefresherandcheaper．四．詞匯應(yīng)用（共5小題）6．a(chǎn)dj.盡管如此；不過；然而7．a(chǎn)dj.人工的；人造的；假的8．v.提倡；支持；擁護(hù)n.提倡者；支持者；擁護(hù)者9．（2024春?浦東新區(qū)校級(jí)期中）偵探小說10．（2024?方城縣校級(jí)開學(xué)）n.新聞媒體，傳媒五．語法填空（共1小題）11．（2020秋?靖遠(yuǎn)縣期末）TheChinesepopulationcensus（普查）takesplaceevery10years，（1）gathersdataincludingname，IDnumber，etc.Trackingdownmorethan1billionChinesecitizens（2）（be）bynomeanseasy.Thisyear，about7millionstaffwillbeneededtovisithomesforregistrationwork.Newmethodswillalsobeusedduringthiscensus，includingonlineinformationregistrationandapplicationofelectronicdevices.（3）（compare）withprevioussurveys，newmethodswillbeconvenientforpeoplewhoarenotlivingwheretheyare（4）（official）registered，aswellasthosewhodonotwantto（5）（disturb）bycensusstaff.Thedataareexpectedtogiveafullpictureofthepopulation，including（6）（it）size，structureanddistributionandrecentchanges.Itprovidessupportformakingnationaldevelopmentpolicies（政策）.Thecensushasalargeimpact（7）ourlives.Forinstance，researcherscanusetheresults（8）（investigate）populationtrendsindifferentcities.Thecensuswillhelptofindout（9）numberofforeignerslivinginChina.ItcanalsotellhowmanyChinesepeoplehavemovedtoother（10）（country）.六．書面表達(dá)（共2小題）12．假設(shè)社會(huì)發(fā)展到了2080年，照顧老年人成了一個(gè)社會(huì)問題，科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種家用機(jī)器人．請(qǐng)以"TheRobotintheFuture"為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文．注意：1．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2．書寫規(guī)范，語法正確，語句通順．．13．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology，theresearchofhumangenes，orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit，isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Discussionsaboutitareincreasinglyheatedaroundtheworld.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith，suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear，millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate，doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied，notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletely，bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients，butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved；thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition，thehumanlifespan（壽命）canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtohealthierandclevererchildren.Somefamilieshavegeneticdiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilialdisease，whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast，doctorscoulddonothingaboutgeneticdiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Scientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit，andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtocreatehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears，scientistshavesucceededincloninganimalssuchasmice，sheep，anddogs；therefore，thesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbeclonedandthatitwouldbebeyondcontrol，leadingtosomedisastrousconsequences.Butmanybelievethatclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities，formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinaverynormalwayandtheyalsobelievemeasureswillbetakentocontrolgenetechnology.

2024-2025學(xué)年人教新版高二（上）英語寒假作業(yè)（十二）參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2022?青浦區(qū)二模）ItwasthoughtthatMicrobes（細(xì)菌）insediments—solidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquidbeneaththeseafloordiedabove80°C，butscientistshavefoundsomethatcansurviveupto120°Candpossiblyhighertemperatures.Thediscoveryshowsthatlifeinseafloorsedimentscansurvivehighertemperaturesthanpreviouslythought."Iwouldthinkthatwhereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms，（1）Afind（s）away."saysTinaTreudeattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Itispossiblethatthereislifeatevenhighertemperatures."Theonlywaytofindoutistogobackand（2）Ddeeper，"shesays，thoughinlabexperimentssofar，nomicrobeshavebeenfoundtogrowabove122°C.Theresearcherswerealsoableto（3）Coutandcountcellsusingaspecialdevice.Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陳代謝的）rates."Itwasastonishinglyhigh，"saysTreude.Thissurprisedtheteambecauseitisthe（4）Aofwhathasbeenfoundinshallowersediments，whereitismuchcolder.Microbesare（5）Dthere，buttheirmetabolismsareextremelyslowandindividualmicrobesmightliveformillionsofyears.At120°C，theheatisdoingalotofdamagetocells，somicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage.Itisa（n）（6）Ctostayalive，saysTreude.Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare，astheteamwasunableto（7）BtheirDNA.Norisitclearhowtheycametobeinthesediments，giventhatthiswouldhavebeenaverycoldenvironmentforalongtimeafterthesedimentsthatthesamplescamefromwerefirst（8）B.However，afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresentwhenthesedimentsweredeposited，andtheymayhavesomehow（9）Auntiltemperaturesbegantoriseduetobeing（10）Cundermorematerial，saysteammemberFelixBeuligatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.Asthetemperaturesrose，allthemicrobesthatweren't（11）Aofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff，saysteammemberFlorianSchubertattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam."Themicrobesthatcannot（12）B，theyjustdie，"hesays.PatrickForterreatthePasteurInstituteinParissaysthatwhilethereare（13）Cresultsshowingmicrobegrowthat106°C，nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122°C."It'sverydifficultto（14）Dtheuppertemperaturelimit，"hesays.Heistherefore（15）Boftheideaofmicrobeslivingnormallyat120°C，buthedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures.（1）A．lifeB．energyC．bacteriaD．voyage（2）A．thinkB．researchC．practiseD．drill（3）A．spreadB．figureC．separateD．reach（4）A．oppositeB．evidenceC．coincidenceD．resemblance（5）A．moderateB．existentC．swiftD．plentiful（6）A．gameB．a(chǎn)pproachC．raceD．solution（7）A．explodeB．identifyC．locateD．a(chǎn)ttack（8）A．formedB．depositedC．taggedD．covered（9）A．stuckonB．movedawayC．diedoffD．runout（10）A．exposedB．removedC．buriedD．washed（11）A．tolerantB．a(chǎn)fraidC．tiredD．careful（12）A．translateB．a(chǎn)daptC．escapeD．furnish（13）A．variousB．falseC．reliableD．different（14）A．passB．breakC．outstepD．determine（15）A．capableB．doubtfulC．sickD．ignorant【答案】（1）﹣（5）ADCAD（6）﹣（10）CBBAC（11）﹣（15）ABCDB【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些微生物可以存活到120°C甚至更高的溫度。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，海底沉積物中的生命可以在比之前認(rèn)為的更高的溫度下生存?！窘獯稹浚?）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.life生命；B.energy能量；C.bacteria細(xì)菌；D.voyage航行。句意：我認(rèn)為只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就會(huì)找到一條出路。由上文的"whereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms"和后文的"thereislifeatevenhighertemperatures"可知，句子表示"只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就會(huì)找到一條出路"，故選A。（2）D.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.think思考；B.research研究；C.practise練習(xí)；D.drill鉆孔。句意：唯一的辦法就是回去再往深處鉆。由后文的"deeper"可知，此處表示往深處鉆，故選D。（3）C.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.spread傳播；B.figure理解，弄懂；C.separate分開；D.reach到達(dá)。句意：研究人員還能夠使用一種特殊的設(shè)備分離和計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞。由后文的"andcountcellsusingaspecialdevice"可知，研究人員使用一種特殊的設(shè)備分離和計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞，故選C。（4）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.opposite對(duì)立的人（或物）；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.coincidence巧合；D.resemblance相似之處。句意：這讓研究小組感到驚訝，因?yàn)檫@與在較冷的淺層沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況相反。由上文的"Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陳代謝的）rates"和后文的"whereitismuchcolder"可知，這與在較冷的淺層沉積物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況相反，空格處意為"對(duì)立的人（或物）"，故選A。（5）D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.moderate溫和的；B.existent現(xiàn)存的；C.swift快速的；D.plentiful大量的。句意：那里有大量的微生物，但它們的新陳代謝極其緩慢，單個(gè)微生物可能會(huì)存活數(shù)百萬年。由后文的"individualmicrobes"可知，此處表示"那里有大量的微生物"，故選D。（6）C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.game游戲；B.approach方法；C.race賽跑；D.solution解決辦法。句意：特魯?shù)抡f，生存是一場(chǎng)賽跑。由上文"microbesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage"可知，微生物可能需要高代謝來產(chǎn)生足夠的能量來修復(fù)這種損傷，因此這是一場(chǎng)賽跑，故選C。（7）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.explode爆炸；B.identify識(shí)別；C.locate定位；D.attack攻擊。句意：目前還不清楚這些喜熱或嗜熱的微生物是什么，因?yàn)檠芯繄F(tuán)隊(duì)無法識(shí)別它們的DNA。由上文的"Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare"可知，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)無法識(shí)別它們的DNA，所以目前還不清楚這些喜熱或嗜熱的微生物是什么，故選B。（8）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.formed形成；B.deposited沉積；C.tagged給…貼標(biāo)簽；D.covered覆蓋。句意：也不清楚它們是如何出現(xiàn)在沉積物中的，因?yàn)樵谶@些樣本所來自的沉積物第一次沉積下來之后，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，環(huán)境都非常寒冷。由上文的"thesedimentsthatthesamplescamefrom"和下一段的"thesedimentsweredeposited"可知，此處表示沉積物的沉積，故選B。（9）A.考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.stuckon貼上；B.movedaway移開；C.diedoff相繼死亡；D.runout用完。句意：然而，丹麥奧胡斯大學(xué)的研究小組成員菲利克斯?貝尤利格說，當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí)，一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了，由于被埋在更多的物質(zhì)下，它們可能以某種方式粘在上面，直到溫度開始上升。由上文的"afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresent"可知，當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí)，一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了，以某種方式粘在上面，故選A。（10）C.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.removed去除；C.buried埋葬；D.washed洗。句意：然而，丹麥奧胡斯大學(xué)的研究小組成員菲利克斯?貝尤利格說，當(dāng)沉積物沉積時(shí)，一些嗜熱微生物可能已經(jīng)存在了，由于被埋在更多的物質(zhì)下，它們可能以某種方式粘在上面，直到溫度開始上升。由后文的"undermorematerial"可知，此處表示"埋在更多的物質(zhì)下"，故選C。（11）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.tolerant忍受的；B.afraid害怕的；C.tired累的；D.careful仔細(xì)的。句意：波茨坦德國(guó)地球科學(xué)研究中心的研究小組成員弗洛里安﹣舒待說，隨著溫度的上升，所有不能耐受高溫的微生物都會(huì)逐漸死亡。由后文的"graduallyhavediedoff"可知，此處表示不能耐受高溫的微生物都會(huì)逐漸死亡，空格處意為"忍受的"，故選A。（12）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.translate翻譯；B.adapt適應(yīng)；C.escape逃跑；D.furnish為（房間或房屋）配備家具。句意：微生物不能適應(yīng)，它們就會(huì)死亡。由上文的"allthemicrobesthatweren'tofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff"可知，微生物不能適應(yīng)，它們就會(huì)死亡，故選B。（13）C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.various各種各樣的；Bfalse錯(cuò)誤的；C.reliable可靠的；D.different不同的。句意：巴黎巴斯德研究所（PasteurInstitute）的帕特里克?福泰爾（PatrickForterre）表示，雖然有可靠的結(jié)果顯示微生物在106°C下生長(zhǎng)，但沒有人能夠完全復(fù)制兩項(xiàng)聲稱微生物在122℃下生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究。由后文的"nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopthetwolabstudiminggrowthat122℃'可知，句子表示"雖然有可靠的結(jié)果顯示微生物在106°C下生長(zhǎng)，但沒有人能夠完全復(fù)制兩項(xiàng)聲稱微生物在122℃下生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究"，故選C。（14）D.考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.pass經(jīng)過；B.break打破；C.outstep超過；D.determine決定，確定。句意：很難確定溫度上限。由上文的"nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122℃"和下文的"theuppertemperaturelimit"可知，句子表示"很難確定溫度上限"，故選D。（15）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.doubtful懷疑的；C.sick病的；D.ignorant無知的。句意：因此，他對(duì)微生物在120℃下正常生存的想法持懷疑態(tài)度，但他認(rèn)為它們有可能在更低的溫度下以某種方式存活并再次活躍起來。由后文的"hedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures."可知，句子表示"他對(duì)微生物在120℃下正常生存的想法持懷疑態(tài)度"，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】完形填空考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。做題時(shí)，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應(yīng)及語境。二．閱讀理解（共3小題）2．（2019秋?黑龍江期末）Mygrandparentscanbegoodfun．Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive．Theyexercisebyplayinggolfandtheygooutformealsandtothetheater．Sometimestheytakemeout，too．Wehaveagoodtime．Theyalsogoongreatholidays．Lastyear，theywenttoChinaandwalkedalongtheGreatWall!Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．Lifewasverydifferentwhentheywereyoungandtherearemanythingsaboutmylifethattheydonotunderstand．Theytellme，overandover，howtheyhadtostartworkat16．TheyknowthatIwillgoontouniversityandwillnotbegettingajobuntilIamabout22！TheyalsothinkthatIhavetoomanypossessions（財(cái)產(chǎn)），suchasmobilephones，computersandPSPs．Whentheywereyoung，theydidnothaveanythinglikethat．Whattheydonotrealizeisthattheycannotcomparechildrenatpresenttime．Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．（1）GrandparentsdonotworkanymorebecauseC．A．theyaretiredB．theywanttoplaygolfC．theyareretiredD．theywanttoenjoytheirlife（2）Mygrandparentsareoldandtheyleada（n）Alife．A．a(chǎn)ctiveB．boringC．sadD．hard（3）Mygrandparentssometimescriticizeme．OnereasonisthatD．A．Idon'tgoongreatholidayswiththemB．Iwon'tworkuntil22C．theyhadtoworkat16D．childrentodayhaveaneasylife（4）GrandparentsCwhentheywereyoung．A．hadthesamelifeaswehavetodayB．hadthesamekindsofthingsaswehaveC．hadthesamekindsofthingsaspeopleoftheirageD．hadmanypossessionslikemobilephones（5）IBwithmygrandparents．A．a(chǎn)greeB．disagreeC．quarrelD．fight【答案】見試題解答內(nèi)容【分析】作者的爺爺奶奶都退休了，過著快樂的生活，但是他們覺得現(xiàn)在的孩子們生活的太安逸了，他們年輕的時(shí)候什么都沒有，很早就開始上班了，但是作者覺得他的爺爺．奶奶的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)不對(duì)．【解答】（1）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)短文的開頭Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．他們退休了，所以不再工作了．可知作者的爺爺奶奶都退休了，他們不需要上班了，故選C．（2）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段第三句Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive我的祖父68歲，祖母67歲，但他們并不太老而不能活動(dòng)了，可知他的爺爺奶奶雖然老了，還是過著一種積極樂觀的生活．故選A．（3）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段一二句Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．有時(shí)，我的祖父母喜歡批評(píng)我．他們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的孩子生活很輕松．可知爺爺奶奶批評(píng)他，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為年輕人生活的太安逸了，故選D．（4）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．他們和其他同齡人有同樣的東西，我也是．可知祖父母和他們年輕時(shí)的同齡人一樣有同樣的事情．故選C．（5）B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)短文的最后一句ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．如果我只有他們?cè)谖疫@個(gè)年紀(jì)時(shí)所擁有的一切，那就太奇怪了．可知作者不同意他爺爺奶奶的觀點(diǎn)，故選B．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷義的題型，要求學(xué)生要完全理解文章細(xì)節(jié)問題，從問題中回到文章中找答案，逐步分析，逐步解決，選出正確選項(xiàng)．3．（2020春?洛川縣校級(jí)月考）Lastweek，EducationSecretaryArneDuncandeclaredwaronpapertextbooks．"Overthenextfewyears，"hesaidinaspeechattheNationalPressClub，"textbooksshouldbeabandoned．"Intheirplacewouldcomeavarietyofdigital﹣learningtechnologies，likee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsites．Suchtechnologiescertainlyhavetheirplace．ButSecretaryDuncanisthreateningtolightafiretoatried﹣and﹣truetechnology﹣goodoldpaper﹣thathasbeenthefoundationforoneofthegreateducationalsystemsontheplanet．Andwhilee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesmayseemappealing，theideaofreplacinganeffectivelearningplatformwithawidelyhyped（炒作）butstillunprovenoneisextremelydangerous．Anexpertonreading，MaryanneWolf，hasrecentlybegunstudyingtheeffectsofdigitalreadingonlearning，andsofartheresultsaremixed．SheworriesthatInternetreading，inparticular，couldbesuchasourceofdistractions（分散注意力）forstudentsthattheymaycanceloutmostotherpotentialbenefitsofaWeb﹣linked，e﹣learningenvironmentandwhileit'struethatthehigh﹣techindustryhassponsoredsubstantialamountsofresearchonthepotentialbenefitsofWeb﹣basedlearning，notenoughtimehaspassedforlongitudinal（縱向的）studiestodemonstratethefulleffects．Inaddition，digital﹣readingadvocatesclaimthatlightweighte﹣booksbenefitstudents'backsandsaveschoolsmoney．Buttherollingbackpackseemstohavesolvedtheweightproblem，andtheshockingcoststooutfiteverystudentwithane﹣reader，providetechnicalsupportandpayforregularsoftwareupdatespromisetomakethee﹣textbookaverypriceychoice．Asbothateacherwhousespapertextbooksandastudentofur