03-選擇性必修第四冊Unit-3基礎練習(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語一輪復習講練測(人教版2019)選擇性必修第四冊Unit3基礎知識強化練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected__________(increase)to42by2050.

3.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis__________(extreme)challenging.4.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity.

5.Weare__________(commit)toimprovingservicesnow.6.Afteraheateddiscussion,theyfailedtoarriveata__________(conclude).7.Shehadmade__________(remark)progressinherwritingskills.8.It’svitalthatwe__________(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.

9.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge__________(steal)thelady’spurse.Ⅱ.語法填空1.Hereisthehouse,__________roofiscoveredwithweeds.Ihopeyoucanhelptoremovethem.2.Whatyousaidisn’trelevant__________whatweareworriedabout.Atthemoment,wearedyingtoknowhowtodealwiththesituation.3.Onthenextstreetliesaclinic,wherethereisadoctorwhooftenhelpsthose__________need.4.Itisup__________youtodecidewhetherweshouldaccepthissuggestion__________thebuildingberebuiltimmediately.5.Iamlookingforward__________hearingfromyou.Inyournextletter,pleaseintroduce__________mehowtousethetextbookproperly.6.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreinformation,clickhere.Weareamultimediaplatform__________youcanlearntooperatecomputers.7.Scientistshopetosendastronautstotheremoteuniverseonedaytohave__________betterknowledgeoftheuniverse.8.Weweretalkingabouttheloan__________Tomenteredtheroom.Hesaidhecame__________anoldfriendjustnowonthestreet.III.語法填空HowNetflixBecameSoPopularWe’veallheardthephrase“Netflixandchill”,whichmeans“watchNetflixandhangout”.Whynot“AmazonPrimeandchill?”Therearemanyotherwebsitesandapps1.(allow)peopletowatchTVshowsandmovies.SimilarlytoNetflix,manystreamingservicesofferoriginalprogramsandmovies.SowhatmadeNetflixhavetheimpactithas2.society?

Inthepastfewyears,Netflix3.(grow)exponentiallyinpopularity,leavingotherstreamingservicesandregulartelevisioninthedust.Netflixwascreatedin1997,4.(original)asawaytosendrentalDVDstopeople.In2007,Netflixbeganofferingstreamingtelevisionshowsandmoviesonline.Butitwasn’tuntil2013thatNetflixbeganofferingoriginalprogramming,enablingviewerstowatch5.wholeseasonofTVallatonce.

ViewersaresatisfiedwithNetflix’smanydifferentoptionsforTVshows.Oneofthe6.(big)appealsofNetflixwas7.itwouldreleaseallseasonsofanyoldTVshows,somethingthatAmazonPrimewouldn’tdo.Inaddition,Netflixreleasesmonthlystatementsaboutwhichseriesandmovies8.(remove)fromtheservice.Butothersitescanremovefullserieswithoutanynotice.

Whileotherservicesmighthavetheir9.(succeed),NetflixseemslikelytocontinueitsreignovertheTVworldand10.(become)morepopularthanregularTVinthenextfewyears.Netflixhasdiscoveredwhatpeopleliketowatchandhowtheyliketowatchit,andiftheykeeponthispath,televisionmightbeathingofthepast.

IV.閱讀理解AScientistsspentthepast10yearsstudyinglifeintheoceans.Thismonth,theyreleasedtheresultsoftheirwork.Peopleoftensaythatthereareplentyoffishinthesea.Butuntilrecently,notevenscientistsknewhowmanycreatureslivedintheworld’soceans.Tenyearsago,agroupofscientistsdecidedtofinditout.“Weannouncedthatwewouldtrytoconductthefirst-everworldwidecensusofmarinelife,”theproject’sco-founder,JesseAusubel,toldTFK.“Itwasdaring,andpeopleresponded.”O(jiān)verthenext10years,morethan2,700scientistsfrom80countriesworkedtogethertotrack,countandstudyseaspecies.Inareportthismonth,theysharedwhattheylearned.DecadesofDiscoveryScientistsbeganbyexploringtheseas.Alongtheway,theydiscoveredmanynewspecies.“Wefoundlifeeverywherewelooked,”sayscensusscientistsPatriciaMiloslavich.“Wehavegiven1,200newnamestoscience.”O(jiān)nenamebelongstoatypeoffurrywhitecrabthatspendsitslifeatthebottomofthePacificOcean.Theunusualcreaturelivesinaworldoftotaldarkness.Anothernewspecies,anine-poundlobster,wasfoundintheIndianOcean,nearAfrica.“Itissurprisingthatananimalofthatsizewouldremaintobediscovered.”saysAusubel.Scientistsalsodidresearchonland.Theyreadthrougholdrecords,includingscientificpapers,books,seafood—restaurantmenusandfishermen’sjournals.Theirgoal:tofindoutwhichseacreatureslivedwhereinthepast.SnapshotoftheseaAftertenyearsofinvestigation,scientistsfoundthattheoceansareteemingwithlife.Theycounted250,000marinespecies.Theyhaveanestimateofhowmanymorespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000.“Mostofthesewillbesmall,”saysAusubel,“Therewon’tbeanymoregiantlobsters.”Theresearcherslearnedwhichunderwaterareashavethemostspecies.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhaveasmanyas33,000formsoflife.(Theaveragemarineareahasabout10,000species.)These“hotspots”forbiodiversityneedspecialattentionandprotection,saysMiloslavich.Theaccuratepictureofoceanlifewillhelpscientistsnoticechanges.“Thingswillbedifferentin10,20,30years,”saysAusubel.“Knowingwhat’stherenowwillbehelpful.”Thecensusgivesusabetterunderstandingofthechallengesfacingouroceans.Manyoftheproblems,includingoverfishing,habitatdestructionandpollution,stemfrom(起源于)humanbehaviour.Environmentalistsareworkingtosetupprotectedareasinthesea,muchliketheparksthatconserve12%ofourland.“Weneedtoshowconcernfortheocean,”saysMiloslavich.1.Whydidthescientistsreadthrougholdrecords,includingscientificpapers,books,seafood—restaurantmenusandfishermen’sjournals?A.Togetmoreknowledgeabouttheseacreature’sout-looking.B.Toknowthelocationoftheseacreatureinthepast.C.Tofindoutwhichplacehasthemostseaspecies.D.Tofindoutwhichseacreaturewasalmostpopular.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“whopping”mean?A.Blurry(模糊的).B.Uncertain.C.Total. D.Enormous.3.WhichofthefollowingsayingsisRight?A.Thereareplentyofnewspecieswaitingforustofind.B.TheseasaroundAustraliaandJapanhavetheleastspecies.C.Scientistswantedtogetnewfoodresourcesbydoingthisresearch.D.Thesescientistsonlydidresearchunderthesea.BItmaynotbequiteoldenoughtobetheworld’soldestlivingorganism—that“honor”goestothebristleconepinetree(aged5,000years)—but,at4,000yearsofage,Leiopathesglaberrima,adeep-watercoralspecies,doessettherecordforbeingtheoldestanimallivingunderthesea.LocatedonthefloorofthePacificOcean,offHawaii,the3meterstall,(extremely)long-lived“blackcoral”couldhavesomevaluablecluesaboutpastincidentsofclimatechange;specifically,itcouldbetterscientists’understandingofhowoceansdrawdowncarbondioxide—andofoceanacidificationingeneral.BrendanRoarkofTexasUniversity,wholedaresearchexpeditionin2006tostudythecorals’climaterecords,presentedhisfindingsattherecentAAASmeeting.Howlongtheycanliveisanybody’sguess,RoarktoldScience’sErikStokstadandhiscolleaguesusedradiocarbondatingtodeterminethecoral’sage.Whatthissuggests,hesaid,isthattheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelryshouldbecompletelybanned;becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic(貧血的)rate,anylevelofharvestingwouldlikelywipeouttheremainingspecimens—thosenotyetaffectedbyoceanacidification.Roarkbelievesitcouldbepossibletoreconstructrecordsofsubsurfacetemperaturevariabilityandoceancirculationchanges,whichwouldprovidesomeinsightonclimatechangeincidentsandhelppredictfutureeffects.Bycomparison,thatoceanquahogclamwementionedawhileback—aged405years—seemsalmostsprightly.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theworld’soldestlivingorganism.B.Oldestanimalunderthesea.C.Howtoprotectthecorals.D.Agreatdiscovery.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clues”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Evidence. B.Treasure.C.Worth. D.Usage.6.WhatisthevalueofthefindingoftheLeiopathesglaberrima?A.Itshowswhichistheoldestintheocean.B.Ithelpsthescientistsgetmoreinformationabouttheocean.C.Itshowswhytheweatherchangessomuch.D.Ithelpsthescientistsknowhowtolivelonger.7.Whyshouldtheharvestingofdeep-watercoralforjewelrybecompletelybanned?A.Becausethejewelryhaslittlevalue.B.Becausethejewelryishardtoharvest.C.Becauseharvestingforthejewelrydoesgreatharmtodeep-watercoral.D.Becauseitisverydangerous.V.七選五ScientistsCreateSpeechfromBrainSignalsScientistshavefoundawaytousebrainsignalstomakeacomputerspeakthewordsapersonistryingtosay.Someillnessesorinjuriescancausepeopletolosetheabilitytospeak.1,buttheyareslow.Onemethodallowsapersonto“type”bymovingtheireyesfromlettertolettertospelloutwords.Thetopspeedwiththismethodisabout10wordsperminute.Normalhumanspeechisabout150wordsperminute.

Muchrecentresearchhasfocusedonadirectconnectionbetweensomeone’sbrainandacomputer.2.FormanyBCIs,peoplehavewiresattachedtotheirbrains.Thisallowsscientiststotracktheelectricalsignalsinthebrainandconnectthemtocomputers.

ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco(UCSF)decidedtofocusonthemusclespeopleweretryingtousewhentheyspoke.3.Epilepsy(癲癇)isaconditionwhereunusualelectricalactivityinthebraincancauseproblemswithaperson’scontroloftheirbodyorsenses.

Thereareabout100musclesusedforspeaking.Thescientistsknewroughlywhattheshapeofthemouthwouldhavetobetomakeeachsound.Thisallowedthemtofigureouthowthebrainsignalscontrolledthespeakingmuscles.Withthatinformationtheycould“decode”thebrainsignalstofindouthowthepersonwasmovingtheirmouth.4.Thescientistsweresurprisedathowclosetorealspeechthecomputerspeechwas.

5,themusclesusedtomakeeachsoundarethesameforeveryone.Thatwillmakeiteasierforasystemlikethistohelpmanypeople.

A.ThesepeoplecouldspeaknormallyB.Thisiscalleda“BrainComputerInterface”(BCI)C.TherearesomewaysforthesepeopletocommunicateD.TheUCSF’sscientistsworkedwithagroupoffivepeoplewithepilepsyE.There’smuchtolearnbeforeasystemlikethiscouldbeusedineverydaylifeF.Oneimportantdiscoveryisthatthougheachperson’sbrainsignalsaredifferentG.ThenthescientistswereabletocreatecomputerspeechsoundsbasedonthepositionofthespeakingmusclesVI.應用文寫作紅旗社區(qū)針對本社區(qū)居民垃圾分類情況,計劃于下周舉行一次關于垃圾分類的講座,請你代表社區(qū)寫一封公開信,內容包括:1.垃圾分類的好處;2.講座具體時間和地點;3.邀請居民參加。注意:1.詞數(shù)80個左右;2.開頭和結尾已經給出,不計入總詞數(shù);3.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:垃圾分類garbageclassificationDearsirormadam,I’mwritingthislettertocallonattentiontothecommunitylectureconcerninggarbageclassification.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,HongqiCommunity參考答案Ⅰ.1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpectedtoincrease(increase)to42by2050.

3.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideisextremely(extreme)challenging.4.However,greaterattentionshouldbeplaced(place)onlongevity.

5.Wearecommitted(commit)toimprovingservicesnow.6.Afteraheateddiscussion,theyfailedtoarriveataconclusion(conclude).7.Shehadmaderemarkable(remark)progressinherwritingskills.8.It’svitalthatwe(should)carry(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.

9.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing(steal)thelady’spurse.Ⅱ.1.Hereisthehouse,whoseroofiscoveredwithweeds.Ihopeyoucanhelptoremovethem.2.Whatyousaidisn’trelevanttowhatweareworriedabout.Atthemoment,wearedyingtoknowhowtodealwiththesituation.3.Onthenextstreetliesaclinic,wherethereisadoctorwhooftenhelpsthoseinneed.4.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhetherweshouldaccepthissuggestionthatthebuildingberebuiltimmediately.5.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Inyournextletter,pleaseintroducetomehowtousethetextbookproperly.6.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreinformation,clickhere.Weareamultimediaplatformwhereyoucanlearntooperatecomputers.7.Scientistshopetosendastronautstotheremoteuniverseonedaytohaveabetterknowledgeoftheuniverse.8.WeweretalkingabouttheloanwhenTomenteredtheroom.Hesaidhecameacrossanoldfriendjustnowonthestreet.III.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了Netflix變得如此受歡迎的原因是它可以發(fā)布任何電視劇的所有季,讓觀看者一次性看完;它們了解觀眾喜歡看什么和用什么方式看。1.【解析】allowing?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子可知,此處應用非謂語動詞作后置定語,邏輯主語websitesandapps和allow之間是主動關系,應用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填allowing。2.【解析】on。考查固定短語。句意:那么是什么使Netflix對社會產生了影響呢?分析句子可知,ithassociety是定語從句,修飾theimpact,havetheimpacton“對……有影響”,是固定短語,故填on。

3.【解析】hasgrown。考查時態(tài)。分析句子可知,此處是句子謂語動詞,由Inthepastfewyears判斷為現(xiàn)在完成時,主語Netflix是第三人稱單數(shù),故填hasgrown。4.【解析】originally?？疾楦痹~。此處應用副詞修飾后面的介詞短語,故填originally。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。season是可數(shù)名詞,結合上下文可知,此處意為“一整季的電視節(jié)目”,是泛指,應用不定冠詞,whole是輔音音素開頭,故填a。6.【解析】biggest?？疾樾稳菰~的最高級。由空格前的定冠詞the可知此處應當用形容詞的最高級形式。7.【解析】that?？疾楸碚Z從句。分析句子可知,此處是表語從句連接詞,從句itwouldreleaseallseasonsofanyoldTVshows的成分和意義都完整,應用連接詞that,故填that。8.【解析】areremoved?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知,此處是定語從句的謂語動詞,主語seriesandmovies和remove之間是被動關系,且是復數(shù),由上文的releases判斷此處為一般現(xiàn)在時,故填areremoved。9.【解析】success?？疾槊~。分析句子可知,此處應用名詞作為have的賓語,“成功”不可數(shù),故填success。10.【解析】tobecome?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。此處考查固定短語belikelytodosth.“很有可能做某事”,故填tobecome。IV.A【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,主要講了科學家從十年前就開始研究海洋生物種類,并介紹了研究的內容和基本過程。1.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。由“DecadesofDiscovery”中的最后一句可知,科學家這樣做的目的在于發(fā)現(xiàn)過去海洋生物的分布情況。其余說法在文中均無信息支持。2.【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。750000是一個龐大的數(shù)字,其他選項與語境不符,故選D。3.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由“Theyhaveanestimateofhowmanymorespeciesarewaitingtobefound:awhopping750,000”,可知據估計,還有約750000種新的海洋生物等待發(fā)現(xiàn),由此可推知,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的海洋生物數(shù)量龐大。B項應改為“最多的”;C項說法無依據;D項說法錯誤,科學家還在陸地上進行研究。B【文章大意】本文是說明文,介紹了海洋壽星——Leiopathesglaberrima.這一深海珊瑚礁在水下已經待了4000多年,研究它對我們研究海洋意義很大?？茖W家也提出了保護海洋珊瑚的建議。4.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。全文介紹了海洋的壽星,因此B項最合適。5.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據第二段可知,Leiopathesglaberrima的發(fā)現(xiàn)對研究海洋提供有力的線索與證據。6.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。第二段講述了發(fā)現(xiàn)Leiopathesglaberrima的意義,因此可以得出答案為B。7.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。從第三段中的“becausethecoralsgrowatsuchananemic