2021年上海市牛津版初三英語自招沖刺講義（名詞性從句加十一選十）T

自招英語教師輔導教案學員編號：年級：課時數：學員姓名：輔導科目：學科教師：課程主題：自招講義--名詞性從句＋十一選十授課時間：學習目標掌握名詞性從句的用法進行自招綜合訓練教學內容建議5minWehaveheardaboutpeoplewhohavespecialmemories.RecentlytherehasbeenareportaboutawomanfromAustraliawhocanrememberalmosteverysingled_81___ofalltheeventsinherdailylife.RebeccaSharrock,25,isoneofjust80peopleworldwidewhohavebeenidentifiedashavingHighlySuperiorAutobiographicalMemory(超級自傳體記憶癥).Itmeansshecanremembereverysmallevent-whichmostpeoplewouldf__82__withindays–asidithadhappenedjustmomentsago.“Iremembermymumplacingmeinthedriver’sseatofacarandtakingapictureofmewhenIwas12daysold,”shesaid.“That’smye_83___memory,Irememberverydaysincethen.Ican’ttellallthedatese___84_becauseIwastooyoungtounderstandcalendars,butIrememberwhatIdidthatday,whattheweatherwaslikeandsoon.”Rebeccacanalsore-experiencetaste.Ifshe’seatingsomethingunpleasant,shethinksaboutBlackForestcake,herfavoritefood,andthememorywillbesop_85___thatshecannearly“taste”it.However,therearetimeswhenhermemoriesprovetobepainfulasit’snotjusteventsthatsheremembers.“WhenIrelive(再體驗)memories,thefeelingsr__86___,too.”Rebeccasaid,“Forexample,IrememberfallingoverwhenIwasthreeatmygrandparents’houseandhurtingmyleftknee.Talkingaboutitnow,Ifeelpainfulinmyleftknee.”“Atnight,Ihavetosleepwithther_87____andasoftlighton,”sheadded.“Ifit’stoodarkorquiet,mymindwouldbefilledwithallthesememoriesandIcan’tsleep.”Key:81-87:detailforgetearliestexactlypleasant/powerfulreturnradio/recorder1.Being________,healwayshadaneyetothemainchance.(ambition)2.Thefoodiseasytogobadwhenthe________inthehouseistoohigh.(humid)3.Thetouristareaisdottedwithhistoricand_________attractions.(scene)4.Weseemtohavea_________memoryforthebestbitsofthepast.(select)5.Welaughedather_________inthekitchen;shecouldn’tboilwater.(experience)6.Thefilmistechnically______,butlacksrealexcitementinplot.(impress)7.Itmademealittle_________thattwasn’tatruememberoftheirclub.(envy)8.Itwasstormy,windyweather,andthewavescrashed_________undertheirfeet.(violence)Ⅴ.Completethefollowingsentencesasrequired(根據所給要求，完成下列句子。每空限填一詞)：（共14分）1.“I’llreturntheDVDstoMaryassoonaspossible”,saidMike.(改為賓語從句)Mikesaidhe_______________backtheDVDstoMaryassoonaspossible.2.StudentswhowentonasightseeingtourenjoyedthemselvesintheMoviePark.(保持句意不變)Studentwhowentonasightseeingtour______thetimeoftheir________intheMoviePark.3.Alice’sgirlfriendwerejealouswhentheysawhernewdress.(保持句意不變)Alice’sgirlfriendwere_______with_______whentheysawhernewdress.4.Thegirlwaseightyearsold.Shehadatalkwithmyfather.(保持句意不變)Myfatherhadatalkwithagirl___________________.5.Theteachersometimesmakesthestudentsrepeatthequestionsinclass.(改為被動語態(tài))Thestudentsaresometimes___________________repeatthequestionsinclass.6.ThenewcomputercostMr.Blackalotofmoney.(改為否定句)Thenewcomputer______costMr.Black_______money.7.there,20million,people,in,Shanghai,are,living.(連詞成句)____________________________________________?1-8ambitioushumidity scenic selectiveinexperience impressiveenvious violentlyV1.wouldgive 2.hadlives 3.filledenvy4.agedeight5.madeto6.didn’tmuch 7.Arethere20millionpeoplelivinginShanghai?建議5min名詞性從句翻譯練習1我是否接受邀請不關你的事。Whether她遲到的原因是她誤了車。Reason我認為她不太在意我的話。Believe我們毫不懷疑他是最佳籃球運動員之一。Doubt很有可能他將老師的話都忘了。Likely【答案】WhetherI’llaccepttheinvitationisnoneofyourbusiness.Thereasonwhyshewaslatefortheclasswasthatshemissedthebus.Idon’tbelieveshecaresmuchaboutwhatIsaid.Wehavenodoubtthatheisoneofthebestbasketballplayers.Itislikelythatheforgotwhattheteachersaid.建議70min一、名詞性從句總述1.定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses）。1）名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語。2）因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.名詞性從句賓語從句HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.表語從句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.同位語從句Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.這里重點強調一下同位語從句，顧名思義，所謂同位語從句就是一個句子與主句中某一個名詞互為同位語！那么什么是同位語呢，很簡單就是相同地位，相同成分，平起平坐，A(名詞)=B（從句）,B（從句）=A（名詞）,去掉任何一部分（A/B）對整個句子都不影響。而且與從句互為同位語的名詞一般為抽象名詞，例如：advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：1.連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

2.連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever

3.連接副詞：when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften連接詞的判定：根據連接詞在從句中所做的不同的成分，我們可以歸納如下：人物主語：whowhat賓語：whomwhat名詞性從句表語：whomwhat定語：whichwhatwhose狀語：whenwherewhyhow(howmany,howmuch,howoften)不做成份：thatif/whetherasif/asthoughbecause3.名詞性從句解題思路1.從句子結構入手，首先分清楚簡單句和復合句。2.連詞的選用依據“缺什么補什么”原則確定正確的連詞。如果句子中缺主語，指人用who，指物用what；如缺賓語，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺時間狀語用when；地點狀語用where；原因狀語用why；方式狀語用how；定語用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether和if（是否）。二、名詞性從句知識點詳解知識點1：主語從句一、主語從句的定義在復合句中作主句的主語的從句。二、主語從句的關系詞引導詞有連詞that(that不可省)，whether；代詞有who,whoever,what,which；副詞when,where,how,why等。如:1.由從屬連詞引導的主語從句：

a.

Whether

the

country

should

build

a

nuclear

power

station

is

something

we

must

discuss.

b.

That

light

travels

in

straight

line

is

known

to

all.=Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsinstraight

line.注意：連詞that,whether引導的主語從句，在從句中不作任何成分，不能省略，多用it作形式主語。2.由連接代詞引導的主語從句：

a.

What

we

need

is

more

time.

=Thethingthatweneedismoretime.

b.

Which

type

of

coal

they

are

going

to

burn

needs

to

be

decided.

c.

Whoever

is

here

gets

a

prize.注意：who是連接代詞，引導主語從句，在從句中作主語不能省略，what引導的主語從句有時相當于“先行詞+that”3.由連接副詞引導的主語從句：

a.

When

the

plane

is

to

take

off

hasn’t

been

announced.

b.

Where

he

has

been

is

still

a

puzzle.

c.

How

much

water

is

flowing

can

be

measured

easily.

注意：(1)單個主語從句作主語時（包括兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句），謂語動詞要用單數；如果由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.主語從句放在句首往往顯得頭重腳輕，不太平衡，因此，在大多數情況下都是在主語的位置上用一個形式主語

it，而把主語從句移到句未去。

it

作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常用句型有：1）It

+

be

+

形容詞

+

that從句

It

is

quite

clear

that

Tom

was

fond

of

music.

2）It

+

be

+

名詞

+

that從句

It

is

a

pity

that

she

has

made

such

a

foolish

mistake.

3）It

+

be

+

過去分詞

+

that從句

It’s

not

yet

decided

that

when

the

test

will

be

given.

4）It

seems,

happens

等不及物動詞

+

that從句

It

happened

that

I

didn’t

take

any

money

with

me.

Itseemsthathedoesn’tlikethedish.注意：it作為形式主語引導的主語從句是考試的重點，需要主要和強調句型區(qū)分開來。要注意以下情況：1.當what引導的主語從句表示“……東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語。

What

he

needs

is

more

experience.2.表示“無論……”Whatever,

whoever,

whichever引導的主語從句一般也不用it作形式主語。如：Whateverhehasdoneisright.Whicheverhelikeshasnothingtodowithme.whatever,

whoever,

whichever還可連接讓步狀語從句，相當于nomatterwhat/who/whichWhatever(=nomatterwhat)hehasdone,Icanforgivehim.但以下情況往往必須用it作形式主語，主語從句一般不能放在句首。a.It

doesn’tmatter

whether

he

likes

or

not.

b.It’s

said

that

the

highway

will

be

open

to

traffic

next

year.

c.Is

it

likely

that

it

will

snow

in

the

afternoon?d.Itturnedoutthathewasright.e.Ithappenedthathetookthesametrain.主語從句不在句首，可以用if代替

whether,

但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.

a.It’s

not

clear

to

me

whether

(

if

)

she

likes

to

join

our

discussion.

b.Whether

she

likes

to

join

our

discussion

is

not

clear

to

me.(3)It作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句句型的結構為：Itis/was+被強調部分+that引導的從句（如果被強調部分是人，也可用who代替that），是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.注意：此點是常考點，也是易錯點。因為強調句型的檢驗符合去掉itbe和that如果剩下的部分稍加調整句序是正確的，如果不是這樣就是主語從句。【例題精講】1．Choosethebestanswer. A.What...why D.Why...that A.while B.that C.if D.for A.that C.what D.how C.That D.What wewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet. C.What 【答案】1-5ABCAD【鞏固練習】1．Choosethebestanswer. wewilldo.A.That...that B.What...what C.Whatever...that D.As...as A.Who A.Who apitythatIdidn'tseeyoulastweek.A.That's B.What's C.It's D.There's C./ wegoswimmingeverydayA.If...do B.That...do C.That...does D.If...does D.One ed. It'sknowntous B.that D.how A.this B.that C.he D.it electricityistrue.A.That...producing B.That...produceC.This...producing D.This...produces B.what C.that D.How A.that B.if C.what C.How A.If B.That C.What Itdoesn'tmatter A.who A.That A.What...is B.Whether...areC.That...is D.If...is A.That D.How A.That...whether.../ B.What...if...thatC.That...if...what D.What...whether.../【答案】1-5BBDCA6-10CBBBD11-15BBDAD16-20ACCDD知識點2：表語從句一、表語從句定義Keyconcept:表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語。Eg.（1）Theproblemispuzzling.這個問題令人困惑。主語+連系動詞+形容詞作表語（2）Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪。主語+連系動詞+句子作表語（表語從句）［whenwecangetapayrise］二、表語從句的引導詞主語從句引導詞分為三類，具體內容如下所示：連詞連詞1.ThatEg.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.總結：引導表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時也可省略：Eg.Myideais(that)weshoulddoitrightaway.Thetroubleis(that)heisill.2.WhetherEg.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.總結：名詞性從句中whether&if的用法比較：if不能引導表語從句，只能用whether來引導。引導賓語從句時if/whether可以互換，但介詞后面的賓語從句只能用whether來引導。位于句首的主語從句只能用whether來引導；同位語從句也只能用whether來引導。3.because，as，asif/thoughEg.1)Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.2)Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.3)It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.連接代詞連接代詞1.What(ever)Eg.ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.總結：What與that在引導表語從句時的區(qū)別：What引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分，what在表語從句中充當直接賓語；that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，但不能省略2.Who(ever)/whom(ever)Eg.Theproblemiswho/whomwecangettoreplaceher.3.which(ever)Eg.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.

注意：whichroadweshouldtake在本句中作整個句子的表語，由which引導的表語從句,在從句中which作road的定語，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇which.連接連接副詞1.whereEg.Thisiswheretheyoncelived.注意：wheretheyoncelived在本句中作整個句子的表語，由Where引導的表語從句,在從句中缺少地點狀語成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇Where。2.WhenEg.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.注意：whenhecanarriveatthehotel在本句中作整個句子的表語，由when引導的表語從句,在從句中缺少時間狀語成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇when。3.WhyEg.Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.注意：whyhecriedyesterday在本句中作整個句子的表語，由why引導的表語從句，在從句中缺少原因狀語成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇why。總結：because，why引導的表語從句區(qū)別：強調部分不一樣：Eg.That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.That'swhyhegotangrywithme.注意：That'sbecause…強調原因；That'swhy…強調結果相似的結構：相似的結構：(1）“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義，只不過從語法結構上講，“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導的是—個定語從句，將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結構一樣，例如：Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。(2）“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”?！癟hatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由，“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影，那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。（第一句話說明結果，第二句話說明原因）Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。（第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果）重難點聚焦注意：what引導的主語從句表示結果或名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表示原因時要用that引導，不宜用because.Eg.ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.4.HowEg.Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.注意：howwecangetthethingsweneed在本句中作整個句子的表語，由how引導的表語從句，在從句中缺少方式狀語成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇how?！纠}精講】 —Oh,that's . B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout D.whenIfeelexcited Heneverworkshard.Andthat's B.that D.why A./.,because B.why,because C./,that D.why,whether B.that D.isthat A.that,when B.that,what C.that,where D.what,where【答案】1-5ADCAC【鞏固練習】1.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich【答案】1-5ABDAA知識點3：賓語從句一、賓語從句定義Keyconcept:在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。通常可以分為介詞賓語，動詞賓語和形容詞賓語。賓語從句的引導詞連詞連詞1.ThatEg.Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學.可跟可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。擴展：that不能省略的情況當that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時當賓語從句較長時當主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略當賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時當賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時當賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時當賓語從句有it做其先行詞時在直接引語中，轉述分句把賓語從句隔開時2.Whether/ifEg.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試.由由whether(if)引導的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。連接代詞連接代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等,連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指代疑問外，也可以指陳述。1.What(ever)Eg.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.2.Who(ever)/whom(ever)Eg.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame你知道是誰贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么？3.which(ever)Eg.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.1.whereEg.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到。2.WhenEg.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。3.WhyEg.Hedidn’taskmewhyIturnedherdown.他沒有問我拒絕他的原因。4.HowEg.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎？這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是：這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結構的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。三、賓語從句的時態(tài) 1）主句用一般現在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現從不限”2）主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主過從句過”3）主句用過去時，從句是客觀真理、客觀常識、名人格言時用一般現在時。Eg.Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說月亮圍著地球轉.4）情態(tài)動詞could/would用于，“請求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時，從句不受主句的約束。當主句為過去式，從句的時態(tài)用法a)從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生Eg.Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書，可不知道是哪個國家.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.b)從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前Eg.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.他告訴我他已經把有關會議的事情告訴了Mary.c)從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后Eg.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.四、賓語從句否定轉移Eg.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.我認為他不會來我的舞會.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的，對嗎？注意：以上兩句例句中都不能講否定放置于后面的動詞上，而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty和Idon’tbelievethatmanisnotkilledbyJim.具體歸納總結見下表。主句的謂語動詞是主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。Eg.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe？我們發(fā)現他從來不仔細聽老師講課，是不是？總結：如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式，常見的形容詞接在表思維行為的動詞之后。擴展：Eg.Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來他們不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tsoundasifheknewwhathadhappened.聽起來他好像不知道剛才所發(fā)生的事情。Itdoesn'tlooklikeit'sgoingtorain.看起來好像不會下雨。五、賓語從句高考重難點突擊：1.形式賓語it代替的賓語從句Eg.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的.。動詞動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.Eg.Ihateitwhentheysaywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it,這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Eg.Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認為你所說的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現我們所學到的東西都是有價值的.若賓語從句是若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替 六、表語從句與賓語從句的異同：1.動詞性質i賓語是跟在及物動詞和介詞后面的句子成分，賓語表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者，英語的及物動詞須有賓語，賓語一般放在及物動詞之后。英語介詞后面也要有賓語。某些形容詞如(worth)值得、(able)能夠、(sure)肯定.(careful)小心。ii表語是跟在系動詞后面的句子成分，系動詞一般就是指be動詞和感官動詞（see,hear,feel,touch……）E.g.1.He(主語）is(系動詞）astudent(表語）.2.He(主語)plays(謂語，及物動詞)basketball(賓語)well(程度副詞)3.He(主語)livesin(介詞）abighouse(賓語)總結：賓語從句就是一個從句去充當賓語表語從句就是一個句子去充當表語2.語序賓語從句和表語的語序必須是陳述句語序，即“主語+謂語”這種形式。3.時態(tài)賓語從句：當主句是一般現在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以是任何時態(tài)，而當主句是一般過去時的時候，從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài)，即（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時）。賓語從句解題方法：判斷語義語序正常賓語從句解題方法：判斷語義語序正?！纠}精講】 Hiswordsdon'tagreewiththebossasksfor,sowedon'tknowwhattodo.A.what D.when A.what...that B.that...that C.what...what D.that...what A.that B.for D.what A.wouldsee C.willsee D.see —IblamedMaryyesterday.—Iwouldratheryou .A.didn'tdothat B.hadn'tdonethatC.wouldn'tdothat D.shouldn'thavedonethat【答案】1-5AADCB【鞏固練習】A.that B.what D.whereA.wouldsolve...once B.workedout...that D.wouldsettle...but wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanA.What...whatB.What...that D.That...what B.what C.that D.which B.takeitasgranted D.grantit specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassix C.that D.which A.that B.it C.which D.this . A.who D.whatever ? B.thenearestbusstopislocated D.locatedisthenearestbusstop —No,butIwishI .A.did B.went C.had D.would . Idon'tdoubt B.if C.that D.what A.if B.what C.which A.that B.what A.why B.that C.what D.if A.however D.whatever .A.thematterwasB.thewrongwasC.wasthematter D.wasthewrong Wedon'tcare A.whether B.if D.that A.it B.that C.what D.which A.that B.as C.why Mr.WangistogiveusareportonA.that B.what D.which A.exceptwhat B.exceptthat C.exceptfor D.except .A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis ,butin . C.whatdoyouget...whatdoyougiveD.whatyouget...whatyougive waystation.A.where B.what C.that D.which D.whoever A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever Youcan'timagine B.howexcitedtheywere D.theywerehowexcited A.any...who C.whatever...whom D.every...who【答案】1-5BCABA 6-10CBDBB11-15CBCDC16-20BDCDA21-25CBADD26-30BDABB知識點4：同位語從句一、同位語從句的定義在復合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列，補充說明該名詞性成分的有關情況的名詞性從句，被稱為同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞通常為answer,hope,fact,truth,belief,news,idea,promise,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,problem,question,thought,report,belief,decision,doubt,opinion,theory等抽象名詞。例如：Thenewsthathishealthisfailingmadeussad.他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過。Ihavenoideawheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.我不知道他們在哪里度假。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該干這項工作的問題需要考慮.Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomehereagain.他會再來這里，這是毫無疑問的。Hewastorturedbythedoubtwhetherhewouldaccepttheirpresents.他被是否接受他們的禮物這個疑慮所折磨著。二、同位語從句的關系詞1.如果同位語從句意義完整，則用that引導，而且that不能省略。如:1）Thethoughtthatwemightsuccessexcitedus.2）Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.2.如果同位語從句意義不完整，需增加是否、什么、誰、什么時候、什么地方、什么方式等含義時，則用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑問詞引導。如：1）Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.我們是否需要更多時間來做這項工作，這個問題還未討論。2）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.3）Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.她提出這個問題，我們到哪里弄這筆資金。4）Ihavesomedoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否適合這份工作，我有點懷疑。（比較：There’snodoubtthatRobertwillkeephispromise.毫無疑問，羅伯特會履行諾言的。）注意：主句為肯定句時，doubt后的同位語從句用whether引導，主句為否定句時，doubt之后的同位語從句用that引導。3.有時可用namely（即），thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,i.e.(=thatis),forexample等列出同位語，說明其前面的名詞（或代詞）。如：1）Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.2）ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別1.先行詞不同：一般說來，定語從句的先行詞由名詞或代詞充當，同位語從句的先行詞常常是抽象名詞，而且在定語從句中，when,where前分別有表示時間、地點的先行詞，而同位語從句中沒有此對應關系。1）Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.（定語從句）2）WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.（同位語從句）3）Hedidn’ttellusthedatewhenhewouldcomeback.（定語從句）4）Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.（同位語從句）2.從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的具體內容，于先行詞是同位關系；定語從句用來修飾、限定先行詞的意義，與先行詞是修飾關系。1）Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。）2）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內容卻不得而知。）3.引導從句的關聯詞that的功能不同：that引導同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分，作賓語時?？墒÷浴?）DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充當任何成分）2）Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當主語。）3）Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.(that作賓語，可省略)4.when和where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:when和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：Thisistheplace(wheretheaccidenthappened).（定語從句）Theyputforwardthequestion(wheretheycouldgetthemoney).（同位語從句）【例題精講】 A.which B.why C.that A.which B.why C.that A.which B.that C.what versities.A.while B.that D.why when C.what D.that【答案】1-5CCBBD【鞏固練習】 A.that C.if D.as A.thatwhat B.whatthat C.that A.which B.that C.why D.while thereisair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings. C.where D.that B.if C.what D.Which【答案】1-5AABBA各區(qū)一模1._________shewasatthetimeofthemurderwasofmajorconcerntothepolicethatareinvestigatingthecase.(徐匯區(qū)一模)2.Peoplemayforgetwhatyousaidorwhatyoudid,buttheywillneverforget_________youmadethemfeel.(徐匯區(qū)一模)3.Youdidn’tstudyforyourtest,soyourteacherhasapointabout_________youfailed!(寶山區(qū)一模)4.Nowadays,you’llnoticeaphenomenon_________alotofpeoplearewearingjeanstoconcerts.(寶山區(qū)一模)5.Mary’ssuccessliesinthefact_________sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(長寧區(qū)一模)6.Ahighdefinitiondigitalcameraonthiscellphonecanshowyouvividly_________isaroundthepersonyouaretalkingto.(長寧區(qū)一模)7.Accordingtothesurvey,theresultisshocking_________thenumberofpeoplelivingalonehasrisen.(奉賢區(qū)一模)8.Onlineeducationforcescollegestofocusontherestofthelearningprocess,whichis__________therealvaluelies.(奉賢區(qū)一模)9.DirectorAngLeetoldtheNewYorkFilmFestivalaudiencefollowingthescreening_________LifeofPiwasextremelyhardtomake.(黃浦區(qū)一模)10.Ofcourse,thefact_________misguidedformsofdietingresultinsomanyproblemsdoesnotmeanthatnodietingissafe.(黃浦區(qū)一模)11.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,but_________hereachestheselimitsdependsonhisenvironment.(浦東新區(qū)一模)12.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_________itisheistryingtoexpress.(普陀區(qū)一模)13.Althoughhehasbecomewealthy,Mr.Woodremains_________heusedtobe,modestandfriendly.(普陀區(qū)一模)14._________thecity’spublicschoolsystemshouldbeopentothechildrenofmigrantworkershasbecomethefocusofdiscussion.(楊浦區(qū)一模)15.Canyoubehonestabout_________itwouldtaketodefendyourselfagainstagunattack?(青浦區(qū)一模)【答案】各區(qū)一模1.where2.how3.why4.that5.that6.what7.that8.where9.that10.that11.whether12.what13.what14.whether15.whatDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.loweredB.administeringC.supportsD.scientificallyE.diagnosedF.originallyG.accessH.gapsI.expandingJ.rangingK.balloonCanFoodReplaceMedicine?IfFoodisindeedmedicine,thenit'stimetotreatitthatway.Inhisupcomingbook,EattoBeatDiseases,DrWilliamLi,aheartexpert,pullstogetheryearsofstoreddataandprocessesspecificdoses（劑量）offoodthatcantreatdiseases(31)fromamildcoldtocancer.Notalldoctorsagreethatthesciencesupports(32)foodlikedrugs,butheishopingtheideawillmotivatemoreresearcherstostudyfoodinwaysas(33)strictaspossibleandgeneratestrongerdataincomingyears."Wearefarawayfromprescribing（開處方）dietstofightdiseases,"hesays."Andwemaynevergetthere.Butwearelookingtofillinthe(34)thathavelongexistedinthisfieldwithrealscience.Thisisthebeginningofabettertomorrow."Andtalkingaboutfoodintermsofdosesmightpushmoredoctorstofocusonpatients'grocerylistsinstead.Sofar,severalhundredpeoplewhorelyontheFreshFoodProgramhavehadtheirriskofseriousdiabetes（糖尿?。ヽomplications(35)by40%andhospitalizationscutby70%comparedwithotherdiabeticpeopleintheareawholack(36)totheprogram.Thisyear,onthebasisofitssuccesssofar,theFreshFoodProg