高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)二十九選修6Unit4Globalwarming課件新人教版

二十九選修6

Unit4

Globalwarming(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·黃岡模擬)Wallsblanketedinmoss(苔蘚)arepoppingupinmajorcities,alongwithpromisesthattheycanreduceairpollution—butcanafewsquaremetresofplantmatterreallydealwiththesmog?

ABerlin-basedfirm,GreenCitySolutions,believesso.Itsmosswalls,calledtheCityTree,areroughly4squaremetresinsize.ArmedwithWi-Fisensorstomonitorthehealthofmoss,aCityTreefunctionsautonomouslyandrequiresverylittlemaintenance(維護).Thewallcollectsrainwater,whichispumpedthroughabuilt-inirrigationsystemtotheplants,poweredbysolarenergy.Asaresult,thefirmsayseachCityTreeisableto“eat”around250gramsofparticulate(顆粒)matteraday(nearly90kgayear)andremovesabout240metrictonsofCO2annually.Italsocoolsthesurroundingair.

AwarethatgettingthesurroundingairincontactwiththemosswalliscrucialfortheCityTreetobeeffective,theinventorsensurethatthelocationofeachinstallation(安裝)ischosencarefully.Spotswherepollutionisheavyduetotrafficandwhereairflowislimitedarepicked.Theimportanceofthisstepisexplainedbythefactthatthewastegasfromacargenerallygoesverticallyafewkilometresintotheair.

Butthisdoesn’tmeanmosswallswillnecessarilyprotectpeoplefrompollution.IntheNetherlands,researchersfoundthateightwallsinstalledinAmsterdamfailedtoreducetheconcentrationofparticulatematter(PM)andnitrogendioxide(NO2).Theirreportconcludedthatevendoublingthenumberofmosswallswoulddolittletoimprovetheireffectiveness.

TheCityTreeisnotmeantforparksortosubstituteforstreettrees,buttoaddgreenerytoconcrete-heavyspaceswhereplantingisnotanoption.It’simportanttorememberthatstreettreesprovideawholehostofotherbenefits,includingshelterandhabitatforurbanwildlife,shadeandcoolingforpeopleonthestreet,andreductionofurbanheatislands.【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要以號稱能夠減少空氣污染的,在大城市如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn)的CityTree—苔蘚墻是否真的能對付霧霾展開了討論,分別從其功能、選址,以及是否有效發(fā)揮作用方面進行了講述。作者在文末提出個人觀點:苔蘚墻并不能夠取代公園和街道樹木。1.WhatdoweknowabouttheCityTree?A.Itcanabsorbsomeairpollutants.B.Itcanirrigateotherstreetplants.C.Itproduceselectricitytocoolwater.D.Itisaimedatsavingwaterincities.【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容:Asaresult,thefirmsayseachCityTreeisableto“eat”around250gramsofparticulatematteraday(nearly90kgayear)andremovesabout240metrictonsofCO2annually.可知每棵“城市樹”每天可以“吃”大約250克的顆粒物(每年近90千克),每年可以消除約240噸的二氧化碳。因此它有吸收一些空氣污染物的功能。2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofCityTree.B.ThefunctionofCityTree.C.HowtooperateCityTree.D.WheretoplaceCityTree.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。通過閱讀可知,該段首句內(nèi)容為本段中心主旨句,“AwarethatgettingthesurroundingairincontactwiththemosswalliscrucialfortheCityTreetobeeffective,theinventorsensurethatthelocationofeachinstallationischosencarefully.(考慮到讓周圍的空氣與苔蘚墻接觸對城市樹的有效性至關重要,發(fā)明者確保每個裝置的位置都是精心選擇的。)”可知,本段主要在講述苔蘚墻的安裝位置。3.WhyistheexampleofAmsterdammentionedinParagraph4?A.ToshowthatCityTreecan’talwaysworkwell.B.ToprovethatCityTreecanreduceairpollutants.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofbuildingmosswalls.D.Toanalyzethereasonsforthefailureoftheprogram.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)英文文章的寫作特點可知,舉例內(nèi)容應是對本段主旨要點的支持或例證,題干中提及舉例內(nèi)容“Amsterdam”緊跟于本段主旨要點之后,是為了給主旨句例證。結合主旨內(nèi)容“Butthisdoesn’tmeanmosswallswillnecessarilyprotectpeoplefrompollution.(但這并不意味著苔蘚墻一定會保護人們免受污染。)”由此判斷出,該例子是為了證明苔蘚墻并不一定會發(fā)揮作用。4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsreplacingstreettreeswithmosswalls?A.Ambiguous.

B.Disapproving.C.Supportive. D.Cautious.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“TheCityTreeisnotmeantforparksortosubstituteforstreettrees,buttoaddgreenerytoconcrete-heavyspaceswhereplantingisnotanoption.(“城市樹”并不是為公園設計的,也不是用來替代街道上的樹,而是為混凝土密集的空間增加綠色植物,在這些空間里不可以種植植物。)”可推知,對于用苔蘚墻取代街道上的樹這種做法,作者是反對的?！疽?guī)律方法】細節(jié)理解題解題技巧在閱讀理解題中,有相當一部分題目屬于事實或細節(jié)題,特別是直接理解性題目,比較簡單,只要通讀全文,了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節(jié),就可以解答出來,有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外還有一些題目要求對文中個別難詞、關鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或需要對有關的上下文提供的語境和信息、甚至對整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準確、立體的理解和判斷。BAnewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggasesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas-carbondioxide-onrice.Theresearchersgrewriceplantsinacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.

Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc(鋅)thanricegrownundernormalconditions.However,vitaminElevelsincreasedbyabout13percentonaverage.

Theresultsarebadnews,“especiallyforthenutritionofthepoorerpopulationinless-developedcountries,”saidtheUniversityofTokyo’sKazuhikoKobayashi,whohelpedtowritethereport.Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinSoutheastAsia,thereportsaid.

OneofthescientistsisSamMyersofHarvardUniversityintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Hesaidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreate.“Myconcernistherearemanymoresurprisestocome,”hesaid.

Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.

Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange.Oneway,Kobayashisaid,istogrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明,不斷增加的溫室氣體可能會減少糧食作物的重要營養(yǎng)成分,對人們的身體健康造成影響。5.Whichcountrywouldbeinfluencedmostbyplanet-warminggasesaccordingtothetext?A.China.

B.Myanmar.C.America. D.Britain.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.”第四段中的“Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinSoutheastAsia”可知溫室氣體對農(nóng)作物的影響,對不發(fā)達國家最貧困的居民影響最為嚴重,包括印度尼西亞、柬埔寨、緬甸、孟加拉國、老撾和其他主要位于東南亞的國家。故選B。6.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bycomparison.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bydescribingaprocess.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。第三段中通過數(shù)據(jù)的比較,讓我們了解了溫室氣體對農(nóng)作物的影響程度。故選A。7.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?A.Climatechangewillbedifficulttopredict.B.Climatechangewillleadtomoregoodeffects.C.Climatechangewillbeharmfultotheenvironment.D.Climatechangewillcausemoreunexpectedproblems.【解析】選D。句意猜測題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.”可知Myers認為污染、某些物種的喪失、森林的破壞和其他人類活動可能產(chǎn)生意想不到的問題。出現(xiàn)的這些問題就是Myers提到的更多的意外。故選D。8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Myerssaidwecouldchangeallthenaturalsystemsforthesakeofourhealth.B.Thepoorestpeopleinalltheleastdevelopedcountrieswouldbeinfluencedmost.C.Theresearchersgrew18kindsofriceinChinaandJapaninacontrolledenvironment.D.Proteininricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionsincreasedby10percent.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.”可知實驗是在中國和日本的農(nóng)田里種植了18種水稻。他們將二氧化碳氣體輸送到植物上方,以創(chuàng)造未來的大氣。也就是在可控的環(huán)境下種植水稻進行實驗?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1.nutrient n.營養(yǎng)素2.complex adj.復雜的3.destruction n.破壞4.organism n.有機體Ⅱ.完形填空TheCoffeePlaceIusedtobelievepolitenesswasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhadImeta

1

humanbeinginthismodernageoftheso-calledGenerationX.

Recently,Ihadtochangemy

2

,whenIcamefacetofacewithjustsuchahumanbeing.Ihadgonetoacoffeeplace,withtwoofmygrown-updaughters.Theplacewascrowdedwiththeusualloudcrowdandwehadtoclimbthestairsinordertofinda(n)

3

table.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,weweregoingdownthestairs,wherethe

4

spacemadeclimbingdownonlypossibleinasingle

5

,withhardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbupor

6

.

JustasIwasinthe

7

ofmygoingdown,agentlemanenteredbythemain

8

ofthecoffeeplacewhichwasinfrontofthestaircase.IwassureIwouldbepushed

9

bythemanwhowouldwanttogoup

10

.IkeptcomingdownasfastasIcould,

11

ontothebannister(扶手).Mydaughterswerealreadydown,lookingupatmeandhopingIwouldreachthembeforethe

12

startedupthestairs.

Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthe

13

.Ireachedmydaughtersandpassedhimattheentrancedoorhe

14

holdingopen.Ilookedback,thinkinghewasstilltheretryingto

15

whethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.ButlaterIsawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandfeltbadthatwedidn’teventhankhimwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforustopassthrough

16

goingup.

We

17

histhoughtfulness.Such

18

peoplearehardtofindthesedayswhenpushingroughlyisvery

19

inouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Tilldate,Irememberthisgentlemanand

20

toGodtomakemorehumanbeingslikehim.

【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者在一家咖啡店見到了一位紳士貼心地幫助她推門的善舉,讓她相信很多人還是有禮貌的,善良的。1.A.polite

B.rude

C.clever

D.dull【解析】選A。句意:我過去常常認為禮貌是很久遠的東西,在現(xiàn)代社會我很少遇見過禮貌的人。polite禮貌的;rude粗魯?shù)?clever聰明的;dull枯燥的。故選A。2.A.choice B.thinkingC.life D.decision【解析】選B。句意:近來,當我面對面遇到這么一個人的時候,我不得不改變我的想法。choice選擇;thinking想法,思考;life生活;decision決定。故選B。3.A.convenient B.niceC.reserved D.empty【解析】選D。句意:咖啡館充滿了喧鬧的人群,我們不得不爬樓梯去樓上找個空桌。convenient便利的;nice好的;reserved保留的;empty空的。故選

4.A.wide B.open C.narrow D.large【解析】選C。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜點,我們開始下樓,樓梯太過狹窄我們只能排成一列有序下樓。wide寬的;open打開的;narrow狹窄的;large大的。故選C。5.A.area B.circle C.second D.line【解析】選D。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜點,我們開始下樓,樓梯太過狹窄我們只能排成一列有序下樓。area區(qū)域;circle環(huán)形;second秒;line線,隊。故選D。6.A.breakdown B.setdownC.comedown D.takedown【解析】選C。句意:幾乎沒有留下任何空間供另一個人上樓或下樓。breakdown分解,崩潰;setdown記下;comedown下來;takedown取下,拿下。故選C。7.A.end B.way C.middle D.aim【解析】選C。句意:我剛下到一半的時候,有個紳士從樓梯出口正對著的主入口進入咖啡館。end結束,結尾;way方式;middle中間;aim目標。故選C。8.A.entrance B.roomC.hall D.exit【解析】選A。句意:我剛下到一半的時候,有個紳士從樓梯出口正對著的主入口進入咖啡館。entrance入口,進入;room房間;hall大廳;exit出口。故選A。9.A.gently B.roughlyC.casually D.politely【解析】選B。句意:我確信我一定會被這個匆忙上樓的家伙粗魯?shù)貨_撞。gently溫柔地;roughly粗魯?shù)?casually隨意地;politely禮貌地。故選B。10.A.carefully B.happilyC.slowly D.hurriedly【解析】選D。句意見上題。carefully細心地;happily快樂地;slowly緩慢地;hurriedly匆忙地。故選D。11.A.holding B.goingC.depending D.handling【解析】選A。句意:我盡可能快地下樓梯,手緊抓著樓梯扶手。holdingon堅持,抓住(不放);goingon繼續(xù);dependingon依靠;handling操作,處理。故選A。12.A.waiter B.studentC.friend D.stranger【解析】選D。句意:我的女兒已經(jīng)走下樓梯,抬頭看著我,希望我能在這個陌生人上樓之前下來。waiter侍者;student學生;friend朋友;stranger陌生人。故選D。13.A.table B.doorC.window D.counter【解析】選B。句意:快趕上我女兒的時候,我注意到這個男的仍然站在門口。table桌子;door門;window窗戶;counter柜臺。故選B。14.A.stopped B.permittedC.kept D.considered【解析】選C。句意:我趕上了我的女兒,從這個人一直開著的門旁走過。stop停止;permit允許;keep保持;consider考慮。故選C。15.A.decide B.informC.persuade D.discuss【解析】選A。句意:我回首一看,認為仍然在那兒的那個人在決定是進去還是找個不那么擁擠的地方。decide決定;inform告知;persuade勸說;discuss討論。故選A。16.A.after B.when C.before D.since【解析】選C。句意:我把這件事告訴女兒,我感覺很糟,因為我們沒有感謝那位在上樓前一直為我們開門的紳士。after在……之后;when當……時;before在……之前;since自從。故選C。17.A.required B.applaudedC.thanked D.spread【解析】選B。句意:我們很贊賞他的體貼。require要求;applaud贊賞,鼓掌;thank感謝;spread擴散。故選B。18.A.well-mannered B.deeply-affectedC.ill-educated D.easily-identified【解析】選A。此處指像這種有禮貌的人很難找了。well-mannered有禮貌的;deeply-affected深受影響的;ill-educated缺乏教育的;easily-identified容易鑒別的。故選A。19.A.general B.urgentC.serious D.common【解析】選D。句意:在這樣一個現(xiàn)代卻充滿挑釁的社會里,粗魯?shù)赝茢D非常普遍,但是像這樣有禮貌的人卻很難找。general一般的;urgent緊急的;serious嚴重的;common普通的,共有的。故選D。20.A.point B.prayC.devote D.explain【解析】選B。句意:直到今天我還記得這個紳士,祈禱上帝創(chuàng)造更多的這種人吧。point指向;pray祈禱;devote致力于,獻身于;explain解釋。故選B?！局R拓展】詞匯積累1.thoughtfulness

n.體貼;考慮周到2.aggressive adj.侵略的;野心勃勃的Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Today,MountQomolangma’speakisnotalonelyplaceanymore.Over3,500peoplehave1._________(successful)climbedthemountainoverthepastyear.Meanwhile,climbershavecomplainedabout2._________(wait)forhoursinthebottlenecks.

Infact,thedangerous3._________(crowd)aren’ttheonlyproblem.Allthoseclimbersneed4._________(bring)alotofgear(設備),muchofwhichendsupbeingleftonthemountain.Itisbecomingtheworld’s5._________(tall)rubbishdump.

Butthegoodnewsis6._________somemountaineershavestartedtocleanupQomolangma.Mountaine