2022高考英語一輪講練及答案(江蘇牛津必修2-語法)

2022高考英語一輪講練及答案（江蘇牛津必修2—語法）模塊二語法專練：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)【考點透視】動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點，而且測試的難度也在逐年加大。在單項填空題中，每年考查動詞時態(tài)的題不少于兩道，動詞的語態(tài)常和時態(tài)放在一起考查。高考命題者常從三個角度進行命題：一是直接給定時間狀語。考生能直接依據(jù)所給時間狀語作出選擇；二是給定時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接依據(jù)時間狀語作出選擇；三是題干中不供應任何時間狀語，而給出一個上下文情景或一個結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡潔的句子，考生必需認真分析語境，才能作出正確推斷。一動詞的時態(tài)在主動語態(tài)中，高中英語中常見的有12種時態(tài)。各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式見下表：一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedone/要點點撥：（一）現(xiàn)在進行時用法1．狀態(tài)性動詞不用進行時態(tài)：（1）be和have或者含有be和have意義的動詞。（2）feel,sound,smell,taste等連系動詞。（3）hear,see,find等表示結(jié)果的動詞。（4）表示心理或情感狀態(tài)的動詞。2．進行時態(tài)和副詞always,forever等連用時，往往帶有確定的感情顏色。（二）一般過去時與過去進行時的區(qū)分：1．過去進行時表示動作的未完成性、持續(xù)性，著眼于動作的過程；一般過去時表示動作的完成，即動作發(fā)生過，且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果。如：ShewaswritingareportlastnightandIdon’tknowifshehasfinishedit.(表示昨晚始終在寫)Shewroteareportlastnight.（表示昨晚寫了，并且寫好了）2．過去進行時與always,forever等詞連用表示確定的感情顏色。Hewasalwaysthrowingthingsabout.(表示不滿或厭煩)（三）將來時的幾種表達：ABCDbegoingto表示“方案、打算、支配將要做的事”時，主語只能是人說話人說話之前已考慮過的主語是物時，表示說話人依據(jù)某種跡象主觀推想可能發(fā)生的事不能用于含有條件句的主句中will表示將要發(fā)生某事或主語的“意愿”說話人說話時刻才考慮到的表示客觀規(guī)律必定發(fā)生的可用于含有條件句的主句或從句中表示“意愿”beto表示支配、方案要做的事與其次人稱連用，表示轉(zhuǎn)述第三者的話表示命令，相當于should/must表示“能”、“該”、“想要”、“注定、不行避開”beaboutto表示動作馬上發(fā)生；句中不能再加atonce,immediately和表示具體時間的詞語；常有“beaboutto…..when”結(jié)構(gòu)；還可用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來發(fā)生的動作。（四）將來進行時與將來完成時：將來進行時表示將來某一時刻發(fā)生的動作，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will/shallbe+doing將來完成時表示到將來某時刻某動作已發(fā)生，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：will/shallhavedone，時間狀語是by+表將來時間的詞。例如： I’llbeclimbingthemountainthistimethedayaftertomorrow.Bythetimehegraduatesfromthecollege,hewillhavelearnedthreeforeignlanguages.（五）現(xiàn)在完成時及過去完成時的用法留意點：1．瞬間性動詞與連續(xù)性動詞的正確使用：與howlong,for,since等表示一段時間的狀語連用時須用連續(xù)性動詞，如：buy→have,keep→borrow,die→bedead,marry→bemarried,begin→beon,begintoknow→know，leave→beaway，catchacold→haveacold等。2．留意have/hadbeento與have/hadgoneto的區(qū)分。3．現(xiàn)在完成時用在時間、條件等狀語從句中，表示從句中的動作在主句動作前完成，例如：Ifithasstoppedsnowinginthemorning,we’llgotothepark.4．by+過去時間狀語用過去完成時。5．有些動詞的過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或期望，這類動詞為：think,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose等。例如：Ihadintendedtovisityouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.（六）現(xiàn)在/過去完成進行時的用法：強調(diào)動作連續(xù)到說話時且還在進行，其結(jié)構(gòu)：have(has)/hadbeendoing比較：Theyhaverepairedtheroad.(表示路已修好)Theyhavebeenrepairingtheroad.（表示路還在修）有時兩者可替換：Shehastaughtinthismiddleschoolfortenyears.Shehasbeenteachinginthisschoolfortenyears.留意：完成進行時不行與瞬間性動詞連用，如：finish,go,marry等；（七）某些固定句型中時態(tài)是固定的：This/That/Itisthefirsttime+從句（用現(xiàn)在完成時）It’s/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句（用過去時）Hardly/Nosoonerhadsb.donewhen/than+從句（用過去時）Itwillbe+一段時間+before從句（用一般現(xiàn)在時）/Itwas+一段時間+before從句（用過去時）It’stime+從句（用過去時或shoulddo）wouldrather+從句（用一般過去時/過去完成時）二動詞的語態(tài)在被動語態(tài)中，各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式見下表：一般進行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone/shall/willhavebeendone留意：帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞應留意的若干狀況：1．動詞sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run等與well,smoothly,easily等連用時，說明主語內(nèi)在的“性能”“特點”，用主動代替被動。2．smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞，用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。3．不及物動詞及一些固定短語不能用被動語態(tài)：comeup,runout（用完）,giveout（耗盡）,goout（熄滅）,comeout（出版）,cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等。4．當want,require,need作“需要”解，后接doing/tobedone作賓語，此時動詞do與主語為動賓關系。5．beworth后接doing作賓語，用主動形式表示被動意義。6．不定式tolet（出租）,toblame（該受責怪）表示被動意義。7．在“主語+be+形容詞（forsb.）+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，todo用主動形式?！绢}例精析】【例1】Itseemswater______fromthistapforsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.（2007南京模擬卷）A.hadleaked B.isleakingC.leaked D.hasbeenleaking【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是要精確把握句中的時間狀語forsometime所強調(diào)的時間段以及所使用的動詞時態(tài)。【要點精析】依據(jù)句中時間狀語forsometime以及后一分句的動詞時態(tài)可知，選項動詞動作強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止并仍在連續(xù)，故應排解選項A、C。由于選項B現(xiàn)在進行時不行與一段時間狀語連用，所以排解選項B，選D現(xiàn)在完成進行時?！敬鸢浮緿【例2】—Don’tyoufeelsurprisedtoseeBruceatthemeeting?—Yes.Ireallydidn’tthinkshe________here.（2006四川卷）A.hasbeen B.hadbeenC.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen【易錯點悟】解答該題的關鍵是依據(jù)上下文語境精確理解選項動作所表達的時間發(fā)生點?！疽c精析】依據(jù)上下文語境可知，選項動作已在過去發(fā)生或完成。但依據(jù)Ireallydidn’tthink可以推斷出從句中的動作是從過去某時間看將來要發(fā)生的事，故應選過去將來時?！敬鸢浮緾【專項檢測】1.―IsPaulplayingbothsoccerandtennisfortheschool?―He_______.Butnowhehasgivenupplayingtennis.A.is B.hasC.was D.had2.―Look!Itlooksasifit_______goingtorain.Wemusthurry.―OK.A.was B.is C.were D.willbe3.―Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?—Yes,that’swhyI________toworkbytrain. A.havebeengoing B.havegoneC.wasgoing D.willhavegone4.—Look!Someonehasspiltcoffeeonthecarpet.—Well,it________me. A.isn’t B.wasn’t C.hasn’tbeen D.hadn’tbeen5.—I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.—Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings.________that? A.Don’tyouknow B.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknow D.Hadn’tyouknown6.—Hello,Jim.I________toseeyoutoday.Soniasaidyou________ill.—Oh,I’mOK. A.don’texpect;were B.haven’texpected;are C.amnotexpecting;are D.didn’texpect;were7.—Look!Howlong________likethis?—Threeweeks!It’susualherethatrain_______withoutstoppingthesedaysoftheyear. A.hasitrained;pours B.hasitbeenraining;pours C.isitraining;ispouring D.doesitrain;pours8.Ourteamwasaheadduringthefirsthalf,butwe________inthelasttenminutes. A.hadlost B.wouldloseC.werelosing D.lost9.Youneedn’thurryher;she_______itbythetimeyouareready. A.willhavefinished B.willfinishC.willbefinishing D.hasfinished10.—Whoistheoldmantalkingwithyourteacher?—Idon’tknow.I_________himbefore. A.wasneverseeing B.hadneverseenC.neversaw D.wouldn’tsee11.—Tomcamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.—Really?Where__________atall? A.hadhebeen B.hashebeenC.hadhegone D.hashegone12.—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—No,thanks.I_______. A.havejustlookedaround B.justlookaround C.justlookedaround D.amjustlookingaround13.—Ihaven’tseenyouforages.Wherehaveyoubeen?—I_______onleaveinEurope. A.havebeen B.amC.was D.hadbeen14.—HaveyouheardfromJanetrecently?—No,butI______heroverChristmas. A.saw B.willbeseeingC.haveseen D.havebeenseeing15.—Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?—I_________forawhileand__________somereading.A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodo B.played;did C.hadplayed;wasgoingtodo D.hadplayed;did16.Hewashopingtogoabroad;buthisparents__________thattheywon’tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank. A.weredeciding B.havedecidedC.decided D.willdecide17.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_______eachyear. A.iswashingaway B.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingaway D.arebeingwashedaway18.Mymindwasn’tonwhathewassayingsoI’mafraidI__________halfofit. A.wasmissing B.hadmissed C.willmiss D.missed19.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I______forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown. A.hadknown B.knewC.haveknown D.know20.Oneofthemtoldme,“ThisisthefirsttimeI________tothecapitaltoattendtheflag-raisingceremony.” A.came B.comeC.havecome D.hadcome21.―Doyouhaveanythingtodothisafternoon? ―What’sup?―Let’sgoshopping.It’ssaidthatJinyingShop_____,andallthesweatersaresoldathalfprice. ―Whynot? A.hascloseddown B.wasclosingdownC.closesdown D.isclosingdown22.―Whatabout10o’clocktomorrowmorning?―I’mafraidIcan’tmakeit.I_________then. A.amgoingtotakeanexam B.amtakinganexam C.willbetakinganexam D.antotakeanexam23.―What’sthematter?Youlookworriedandrestless.―Oh,nothingreallyserious.Asamatteroffact,I______ofmygraduationthesis.Ihavetohanditinsoon. A.amjustthinking B.justthoughtC.havejustthought D.wasjustthinking24.―Twentydollars,please!―Howterrible!―I________tobringmywalletwithme. A.wasforgetting B.forgot C.hadforgotten D.amforgetting25.Mymoney_____,ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofthesavingsoutbeforeIhavenoneinhand. A.hasrunout B.hasbeenrunout C.isrunningout D.isbeingrunout26.―WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyouyesterdayafternoon?―I________myhomeworkandIwasstartingtotakeabath. A.hadjustfinished B.wasfinishedC.havealreadyfinished D.wasgoingtofinish27.―________forBeijing? ―Yes.AndI’llcomebackinthreemonths. A.Haveyouleft B.AreyouleavingC.Doyouleave D.Didyouleave28.―Why?Whereisthekeytothesoundlab?―Dearme!You_______itinthetaxi！ A.haveneverleft B.neverleftC.haven’tleft D.didn’tleave29.―Wasthedoctortherewhenyouarrived? ―Yes,buthe______outamomentlater. A.hadgone B.hasgoneC.went D.isgoing30.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat________long.A.don’tkeep B.can’tbekeptC.arenotkept D.aren’tkeeping31.―Thetelephoneisringing.―I_________answerit. A.will B.amgoingtoC.amto D.amaboutto32.―Whatdoyouthinkofmycomposition?―It_______well_____afewspellingmistakes.A.reads;exceptfor B.read;besidesC.isread;exceptfor D.isread;besides33.In1960,thiswasthelongestbridgethat__________.A.waseverbuilt B.hadeverbuiltC.haseverbeenbuilt D.hadeverbeenbuilt34.Justafterputtingthebabyontobed,Mrs.Whitesuddenlycaughtsightofthepetcatanddidn’tknowhowlongit________onthetableforthefamilydinner. A.hadbeenlaying;lying B.hadbeenlying;laid C.hadbeenlaid;laid D.hadlain;laying35.―Howarethingsgoing?―Thedisabled_______norelativesinGuangzhou_______bythevolunteers,whowillgraduatefromZhongshanUniversitynextyear. A.with;aretakingcareof B.have;willbetakencareofC.with;arebeingtakencareof D.have;arebeingtakencareof36.Ashorttimebeforeshe______,theoldlady_______awill,leavingallhermoneytoherbrother. A.died;haswritten B.hasdied;wroteC.haddied;wrote D.died;hadwritten37.―Katedoesn’tlookverywell.What’swrongwithher?―Shehasaheadachebecauseshe________toolong;Sheoughttostopwork. A.hasbeenreading B.hadreadC.isreading D.wasreading38.Itwassaidthatotherpossibilities________atthemeetingthedaybeforeyesterday. A.wereneverpaidattention B.wereneverpayingattentionto C.neverpaidattentionto D.wereneverpaidattentionto39.Thetwosides_______tomakepeace,butsomethingunusual_________. A.hadintended;happened B.intended;happened C.intended;hadhappened D.wouldintend;happened40.Shewouldlovetohavegonetotheparty,butshe_______extrahourstoprepareforameeting. A.hadtowork B.hadworkedC.couldwork D.wouldhaveworked41.―AreyoustillabletospeakFrenchandRussian?―I_________.ButIcanonlyrememberfewFrenchwords.NoRussianwordsatallnow. A.am B.wasC.have D.had42.Thewomen’sclub_________Lin,aforeigncompanyemployeewhousedtopaylittleattentiontoherappearance,toimproveherdressstyleandbecomemoreconfidentandopen-minded. A.enabled B.hadenabled C.hasenabled D.enables43.Alargecrowd_______wildlyasthepilot_________herplanesafelyinCalifornia. A.hadcheered;waslanding B.hadcheered;landed C.wascheering;hadlanded D.wascheering;landed44.CaunenFerreira______uphopeoffindingherpetparrot,Raquel,who______fromthebackgardenofherhousetwoyearsago. A.hasgiven;wasdisappeared B.hasgiven;haddisappeared C.hadgiven;wasdisappeared D.hasgiven;disappeared45.―Hello!MayIspeaktoJack,please?―Yes,speaking.―Oh,I_________yourvoiceatfirst. A.don’trecognize B.didn’t C.hadn’trecognized D.haven’trecognized46.―IguessyoumighthavegotlosttherelastSunday.―Well,I_______. A.mostlydid B.nearlyhad C.almosthad D.almostdid47.WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid-July,andbythenwe_______forsixweeks. A.arewalking B.havebeenwalking C.willbewalking D.willhavebeenwalking48.―Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewhair-style,Molly.Doyoulikeit?―I’msorryI______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’spretty. A.wasn’tsaying B.don’tsayC.won’tsay D.didn’tsay49.You_______thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyourroom.A.alwaysthrow B.havealwaysthrown C.arealwaysthrowing D.havealwaysbeenthrowing50.Hetraveledtomanymountainvillagesandsawmanypoorchildrenoutofschool.Thisexperience_______hislife. A.wouldchange B.hadchangedC.wastochange D.waschanging51.―Haveyoufinishedyourcompositionalready?―Yes.I_________itintwentyminutes.A.havefinished B.finishedC.willfinish D.hadfinished52.―DidyoumeetProfessorJohnson?―Yes,butwhenIarrived,he________,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.A.hadjustleft B.hasjustleft C.wasjustleaving D.justleft53.―________you_________thechiefeditorattheairport?―No.He_______awaybeforemyarrival. A.Have;met;hasdriven B.Had;met;wasdriven C.Did;meet;hadbeendriven D.Have;met;wasdriven54.You________toleaveuntilyou_______yourwork. A.won’tbeallowed;havefinished B.won’tallow;finish C.won’tbeallowed;willfinish D.won’tallow;willfinish55.―Areyoustillbusy?―Yes,I________mywork,anditwon’ttakelong. A.justfinish B.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinished D.amjustgoingtofinish56.―What’swrongwithyourcoat?―JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome________onit. A.sat B.hadsat C.hadbeensitting D.wassitting57.―Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?―Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm________quiteearly,sowe_____tothebookstoreafterthat. A.finished;aregoing B.finished;goC.finishes;aregoing D.finishes;go58.―Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.―Oh!Ithoughtthey________withoutme. A.went B.aregoingC.havegone D.hadgone59.Whentheoldman_______towalkbacktohishouse,thesun________itselfbehindthemountain. A.started;hadalreadyhidden B.hadstarted;hadalreadyhidden C.hadstarted;washiding D.wasstarting;hid60.―Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.―Whatapity!Tina_______heretoseeyou. A.is B.wasC.wouldbe D.hasbeen【答案解析】1．C。was表示“他過去始終是這樣”，但現(xiàn)在不是了。2．B。表示一個推想。排解A、C，由于A、C用的是過去時，而D項willbe和后面的goingto重復，所以選B。3．A。前者問：“開車去市區(qū)很難嗎?”后者說：“是的，那就是我坐火車去上班的理由。”明顯坐火車去上班的動作發(fā)生在過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并將持續(xù)下去，應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。4．B。前句是現(xiàn)在完成時，表示已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，故后句回答用過去時。5．C。譯為：――我為我們的女兒買了一盒巧克力。――多么好的爸爸呀!但是她不寵愛甜味食品，莫非你不知道嗎?”答語含有猛烈的諷刺意味，反問語為：在我說之前你不知道嗎?所以用過去時。6．D見到Jim后expect成了過去，而其次句主句為過去時，故用were。7．B。問某種狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間，應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，而其次個空是指一般狀態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，選B。8．D。but前后兩個半句應用相同時態(tài)，后半句是在說競賽結(jié)果，應用一般過去時lost。9．A。將來完成時，將來某時刻之前完成的動作。10．C。before表示要用過去時，意為“我以前從未見過他”可排解B、A，并依據(jù)上下文語境，排解D。11．A。comeback是過去，而問句中的動作發(fā)生在cameback之前，是過去的過去，所以要用過去完成時，而且Tom已經(jīng)回來，所以要用been，而gone是去了還未回來。12．D。此處用Iamjustlookingaround表示我只是正在任憑看看，just可以和現(xiàn)在進行時連用，表示只是怎么怎么樣。13．C。此題可能會誤選A，前者說“我好幾年未見你，去哪兒了？”可見他已經(jīng)回來，因此他去歐洲的動作已發(fā)生過了，應用過去時來回答wherehaveyoubeen?A則是說我有去過歐洲的事實。14．B。第一句中用了have，而其次句回答No，所以說話人近來都沒有Janet的消息，而A、C、D都表示有她的消息，所以只能選B，表示將來進行時。15．C。由第一句可推斷出其次句描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，forawhile是相對于whenshedroppedin來說的whenshedroppedin，“我已經(jīng)玩一會兒了”，因此該用過去完成時態(tài)．再看后一個動作，承接前面forawhile，照舊在過去，hadplayedforawhile之后，因此應用過去將來時，表示過去那個時間將要發(fā)生的動作，故選C。16．B。他父母打算發(fā)生在過去，并對現(xiàn)在造成影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。17．D。本題考查主謂全都與語態(tài)。quantitiesof作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)，而“alargequantityof+不行數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，因此答案在C、D之間選。each與washaway之間為被動關系，因此D為正確答案。18．D。此題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。句意：（那時）我的留意力沒有集中在他所說的內(nèi)容，因此，生怕有一半沒聽到。missed表示“（那時）沒聽到”。所以要用過去時態(tài)。19．A。從forsometime可知，用完成時態(tài)。從第一句“我對這消息根本不驚異”可知，我在此之前早就知道了。動作know發(fā)生在come之前，故用過去完成時。20．C?？疾椤癐t/Thisisthefirsttime+從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài))”句型。21．D。從后半句“全部毛衣半價出售”可知，金鷹商店快要關閉了。用表示現(xiàn)階段的狀態(tài)。22．C。依據(jù)題干中的時間狀語10o’clocktomorrowmorning可知，選項動作是在將來某個時刻正在進行的，故應選用將來進行時，口語中常用這種時態(tài)表示將來某時刻正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事。23．D。考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。從會話可知，答話人是在解釋他lookworriedandrestless的緣由，由于他（剛才）是在思考畢業(yè)論文的事，這是說話前的那個時刻正在發(fā)生的事情。故應用過去進行時描寫正在進行的動作。24．B。用過去時態(tài)表示動作forget發(fā)生在過去。25．C。從后半句“在我手頭的錢還沒用完之前，我得先去銀行取些出來”可知，前半句應是：我的錢快用完了。故用進行時態(tài)表示現(xiàn)階段的狀態(tài)。26．A。依據(jù)題意：功課在你打電話之前就完成了。所以在你打電話時，我剛要預備洗澡呢。27．B。用進行時態(tài)表示將來。28．B?？疾檎Z境。答語“你千萬別把它忘在出租車里！”表示吃驚。而“忘”這一動作應用一般過去時，但否定口氣應用never。由于句子用的是感嘆號，不應用D項。又如：Youneverleftthekeyinthelock!（你總不會把鑰匙留在鎖孔里吧?。?9．C。從Yes可知，你到達時他在那里。又從but可知，他一會兒之后就出去了。故用過去式。30．A。動詞主動語態(tài)表被動含義。句中的keep是不及物動詞，無須用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，故B、C項都不正確。也不用進行時，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r。31．A。begoingtodo表示“已方案好要做某事”，betodo與beaboutto