【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專(zhuān)題二-名詞-

專(zhuān)題二名詞1.(2022·安徽卷)—Whynotbuyasecond－h(huán)andcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood________．A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account2.(2022·江蘇卷)Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful________inlastyear'selection.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue3.(2022·福建卷)—Couldyoutellmethe________ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick4.(2022·天津卷)Windisnowtheworld'sfastestgrowing________ofpower.A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root5.(2022·浙江卷)Wemostprefertosayyestothe________ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises6.(2022·湖北卷)Her________forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivationB.qualificationC.talentD.technique7.(2022·湖北卷)WhenRichardsaid,“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow”，Joan'sfaceturnedredattheunexpected________．A.commandB.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution8.(2021·江蘇卷)Withinspirationfromotherfoodculture,Americanfoodculturecantakea________forthebetter.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead9.(2021·浙江卷)Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,the________offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.A.worthB.supplyC.packageD.list10.(2021·湖北卷)Carbondioxide,whichmakesa________betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier1.【答案】C【解析】句意：——假如你沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)新車(chē)，為什么不買(mǎi)輛二手車(chē)呢？——是個(gè)好建議。saying(諺語(yǔ)，格言)；question(問(wèn)題);suggestion(建議)；account(記述；賬戶(hù)；解釋)。本題中的“Whynot...？”表建議。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：盡管她兩年前就被軟禁起來(lái)了，但她在去年的選舉中照舊是個(gè)勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大的代表人物。symbol(符號(hào)，標(biāo)志；象征；代表人物);portrait(肖像，畫(huà)像);identity(身份；共性);statue(塑像，雕像)。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你能告知我制作如此美味的蛋糕有什么訣竅嗎？——哦，我只是照著烹調(diào)書(shū)的說(shuō)明做的。feature(特征；特寫(xiě))；plan(方案)；cost(成本)；trick(陰謀；訣竅；戲法)。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：風(fēng)能如今是世界上進(jìn)展最快的能量來(lái)源。source(源頭)；sense(感覺(jué)；推斷力)；result(結(jié)果)；root(根源)。5.【答案】B【解析】句意：我們更寵愛(ài)同意我們生疏并寵愛(ài)的人的懇求。attempts(試圖，嘗試)；requests(要求，懇求)；doubts(懷疑)；promises(許諾)。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)力是期望讓女性得到更高訓(xùn)練的權(quán)利。motivation(動(dòng)機(jī)，動(dòng)力，誘因)；qualification(資格)；talent(才能，才能)；technique(技術(shù)；技巧)。依據(jù)本句后半句“adesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation”可知敘述的是她為什么要進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，也就是她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)機(jī)。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)Richard說(shuō)，“你現(xiàn)在更有禮貌更秀麗了”，聽(tīng)了這出乎意料的贊揚(yáng)(compliment)，Joan的臉紅了。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：受其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)，美國(guó)的飲食文化可以向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。share(份額，股份);chance(機(jī)會(huì)，可能);turn(變化，轉(zhuǎn)變);lead(榜樣，領(lǐng)先地位)。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，食物的供應(yīng)越來(lái)越成為一個(gè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。worth(價(jià)值);supply(供應(yīng))；package(包);list(清單)。10.【答案】D【解析】句意：二氧化碳在我們和太陽(yáng)之間形成一道屏障，很簡(jiǎn)潔阻擋熱量從大氣層散發(fā)出去，因此地球正變得越來(lái)越溫存。difference(區(qū)分)；comparison(比較)；connection(聯(lián)系，連接)；barrier(障礙，屏障)。高考對(duì)于名詞的考查重點(diǎn)以詞義辨析為主，要特殊留意名詞的固定搭配、抽象名詞的具體化、一詞多義以及熟詞新義。近些年考查名詞的題目，在設(shè)問(wèn)方面更趨精細(xì)化。近年來(lái)高考熱點(diǎn)名詞的辨析有五大特征：1.固定搭配，如：developapreference/tastefor...,makeabarrierbetween...,causedamageto...。2.以－tion,－sion,－ce,－ment,－ty等為后綴的詞，如：expectation,reputation,accommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation,participation,contribution,civilization,connection,competition,ambition,satisfaction;impression,expression;patience,consequence,significance,intelligence;arrangement,assessment,equipment,compliment;quality,quantity,identity。3.形近詞的辨析，如：symbol,sign,signal;symptom,sympathy;priority,privilege。4.近義詞的辨析，如：harm,injury,ruin,damage;advice,suggestion,idea;offer,supply;strength,talent,ability,skill。5.“無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)”詞匯的辨析，如：luck,value,time,fact;operation,growth,performance,character;purpose,reference,progress,memory;promise,lead,balance,diary。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一：名詞的特殊情形1復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件，文獻(xiàn)),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟),congratulations,fireworks,stockings,stocks,trousers,waters(水域),belongings,surroundings,savings(積蓄),riches(財(cái)寶),ashes(灰塵),inhighspirits(心情高漲),inrags(衣衫襤褸),havewordswithsb.(同某人吵架),giveone'sregardstosb.(向某人問(wèn)候),makebothendsmeet(收支平衡),do/makerepairs(修理，修理)，makepreparationsforsth./todosth.2只用作不行數(shù)名詞advice,wood,clothing,bread,baggage,luggage,furniture,fun,work,homework,housework,information,weather,news,equipment,traffic,progress,rubbish,money,word(消息)，man/mankind(人類(lèi))3可數(shù)不行數(shù)意義不同beauty(美人)(秀麗),change(變化)(零錢(qián)),exercise(練習(xí))(熬煉),experience(經(jīng)受)(閱歷),life(生命)(生活),room(房間)(空間),word(單詞)(消息),work(作品)(工作),paper(報(bào)紙；試卷；論文)(紙),time(次數(shù))(時(shí)間),light(燈)(光),chicken(小雞)(雞肉),orange(橘子)(橘子汁)4抽象名詞可數(shù)用法[U]表具體的人或物時(shí)afailure,asuccess,aconcern(關(guān)懷之事),apity(圓滿(mǎn)之事),apleasure(樂(lè)事),anhonour(光榮之事),a(n)increase/decreasein...(某方面的增長(zhǎng)/下降),adeeplove(深?lèi)?ài)),ariseinpay(漲工資),astrongwind(大風(fēng)),aheavyrain(一場(chǎng)大雨),arisingsun(正在升起的太陽(yáng)),asenseofdirection(方向感),awasteoftime(鋪張時(shí)間),amatteroflifeanddeath(生死攸關(guān)的事),a(n)．..knowledge/understanding/master/graspofEnglish(懂、把握英語(yǔ))[U]以復(fù)數(shù)形式消滅，起到一種豐富語(yǔ)言感情顏色或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用Useyourbrains,please.Manythanksforyourkindness.Theysmoothedaway/gotover/overcamethedifficulties.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.Haveyoumadepreparations/arrangementsfortomorrow'smeeting？物質(zhì)名詞表數(shù)量或種類(lèi)之多時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞somecoffee,acoffee,threecoffees;somedrink,threedrinks

要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：名詞的全部格1.－'s全部格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞在末尾加－'stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson－in－law'sphoto,agrown－up'seducation,somebodyelse'sumbrella復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加－'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother不規(guī)章復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加－'sthechildren'stoys,women'srights以－s結(jié)尾的人名全部格加－'s或者－'Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house表示各自的全部關(guān)系時(shí)，各名詞末尾均須加－'sJapan'sandAmerica'sproblems,Jane'sandMary'sbikes表示共有的全部關(guān)系時(shí)，在最終一詞末尾加－'sJapanandAmerica'sproblems,JaneandMary'sfather表示“某人家”“店鋪”，全部格后名詞省略thedoctor's,thebarber's,thetailor's,myuncle's,theSmiths'2.雙重全部格1適用情形表“部分”或“數(shù)量”的概念或表示某種感情顏色(如：觀賞、厭煩)時(shí)2結(jié)構(gòu)a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/afew/no/every/several/such/another/which/...＋名詞＋of＋...'s/名詞性物主代詞3區(qū)分apictureofhisbrother's(他弟弟所擁有的照片中的一張，照片上不肯定是他本人)apictureofhisbrother(他弟弟本人的一張照片，照片上就是他本人)重點(diǎn)突破可巧記留意日常積累，同時(shí)關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)：近形詞、近義詞的辨析；抽象名詞具體化；名詞與動(dòng)詞或介詞的固定搭配；常見(jiàn)不行數(shù)名詞、形單意復(fù)的名詞、集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)狀況1.構(gòu)詞法的日常積累與名詞詞義在具體語(yǔ)境中的辨析全面把握詞匯的多層意義與結(jié)構(gòu)，擴(kuò)大閱讀面2.特殊群體名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)：police,people,youth,folk警察和人們穿著衣褲，戴著眼鏡，拿著剪刀和圓規(guī)，追趕著牛群?jiǎn)瘟x單形的名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，表物品的總稱(chēng)：baggage,clothing,furniture,machinery,fruit,jewellery,poetry衣服、家具、機(jī)器造，水果、珠寶、詩(shī)里藏集體名詞，謂語(yǔ)是單是復(fù)看情形：family,group,team,class,audience,staff,government,crew,couple船員、夫妻當(dāng)觀眾，班隊(duì)組成大家庭。集體名詞要當(dāng)心，整體單數(shù)成員復(fù)1.Morethanonedoctorhaswarnedthepatientthatwithoutpropertreatmentthediseasewillleadtolung________．A.defeatB.fallC.failureD.attack2.Messi,only25,haswonhis________asoneoftheworld'sgreatestsoccerplayer.A.reputationB.achievementC.contributionD.civilization3.Sufferingfromsleeplessnights,shehas________roundhereyes.A.influenceB.colorsC.pressureD.shadows4.Theystoodlookingatthehappy________ofthechildrenplayinginthepark.A.viewB.sceneryC.sceneD.sights5.Althoughdishonestyseemssocommoninrecentyears,peoplestillbelievethathonestywillnotgooutof________．A.styleB.orderC.balanceD.shape6.ThesongTakeMeHome,CountryRoadshasmuch________topeople,forfewpeoplecanavoidgettingcaughtupinitsoriginallyrealcountrymusic.A.appealB.accessC.potentialD.devotion7.Beckisanhonestbusinessman.Ourcompanyandhishavehadalotof________inthepastfiveyears.A.dealsB.agreementsC.rewardsD.sales8.Toourgreatdelight,thepublicfacilitiesinourcityhavebeenadaptedtogive________towheelchairusers.A.privilegeB.accessC.permissionD.priority9.Asa________betweenmanagementandlabor,a5%payrisewasagreedtoendthestrike.A.connectionB.contrastC.compromiseD.consequence10.Asweknow,breakfastisprovidedatnoextra________inthisrestaurant.A.chargeB.budgetC.considerationD.choice11.Thestudentswereadvisedtotryadifferent________tosolvingthecomplexmathsproblem.A.approachB.meansC.methodD.way12.Therearesome________whenyouhavetochangeyourmindjustbeforedoingit.A.situationsB.occasionsC.circumstancesD.conditions13.Agiftisa________ofwhatarelationshipmeanstous.Thebestgiftsmeettheneedsofthereceiver.A.signalB.meansC.symbolD.record14.—Helen,whatdoesTom'smotherdo?—Sheisajournalistby________，asfarasIknow.A.businessB.jobC.professionD.work15.Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethe________ofbringingyourown.A.alternativeB.preferenceC.approachD.election1.【答案】C【解析】句意：不只一個(gè)醫(yī)生已警告過(guò)這個(gè)病人：沒(méi)有適當(dāng)治療，這個(gè)病會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺衰竭。defeat意為“(競(jìng)賽、戰(zhàn)斗等的)失敗”；fall(跌倒；下降)；failure意為“失?。?機(jī)器或身體的)故障；沒(méi)做到”；attack(攻擊；突然發(fā)作)。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：只有25歲的Messi已經(jīng)贏得了世界上最好足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一的名譽(yù)。reputation(名譽(yù)，名聲)；achievement(成就)；contribution(貢獻(xiàn))；civilization(文明)。3.【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)句意，失眠給她留下了黑眼圈(shadows)。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：他們站著看著孩子們?cè)诠珗@興奮地玩耍的場(chǎng)景。scenery表示的是室外的、自然存在的秀麗景色；scene強(qiáng)調(diào)戶(hù)內(nèi)外某時(shí)某地發(fā)生大事的場(chǎng)面及其給人的印象，這一場(chǎng)面不肯定是令人開(kāi)心的或好看的；sights指名勝；風(fēng)景；尤指人工制成的景；view主要指從高處俯視到的景色。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：盡管近年來(lái)不誠(chéng)懇好像很普遍，但是人們照舊信任誠(chéng)懇不會(huì)落伍。outofstyle(過(guò)時(shí)的，不時(shí)髦的，落伍的);outoforder(出故障的，混亂);outofbalance(不平衡);outofshape(變形；身體不好)。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：TakeMeHome,CountryRoads這首歌對(duì)人們具有很大的吸引力，由于沒(méi)有幾個(gè)人能回避沉迷于最初的真正的鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)中。sth.hasmuchappealtosb.(某物對(duì)某人有巨大的吸引力)。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：Beck是個(gè)誠(chéng)懇的商人。我們公司和他的公司在過(guò)去