【名師課堂】2021高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪課堂演練：必修5-Unit-5-First-aid

[課堂演練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)注釋及首字母提示寫出下列單詞的正確形式。1.Helayonthefloor，________(流血)inalargeamount.2.Areourchildrenbeing________(中毒)byleadingintheatmosphere?3.Thedriverofthecarreceivedserious________(受傷)tothelegsandarms.4.She________(擠出)thewateroutofthesponge.5.Thedoctorischeckingthepatient'sblood________(血壓)．答案：1.bleeding2.poisoned3.injuries4.squeezed5.pressureⅡ.選詞填空f(shuō)allill;apply...to;prevent...from;stickto;makenodifference1.It________whetherIgivemysuggestionsornot,becausehewon'tlistentome.2.Hisbackinjurymay________him________playingintomorrow'sgame.3.________thetaskuntilitisfinished.4.Thoughhismethodofteachingisgood,Ican't________it________myteaching.5.Hedidn'tcometoschool,becausehe________.答案：1.makesnodifference2.prevent;from3.Stickto4.apply;to5.fellillⅢ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thekidsoftenwearscaryclothestoknockontheirneighbors'doorsandshout，“trickor________(請(qǐng)客)？”答案：treat解析：句意：孩子們經(jīng)常穿恐怖的衣服去敲鄰居家的門，并叫道，“是請(qǐng)客還是要我們搗亂？”treat“請(qǐng)客，樂(lè)事”。2．Witheverythingneeded____________(place),shedeclaredthatthepartybegan.答案：inplace解析：inplace“在正確的位置，現(xiàn)成的”。句意：隨著一切需要的都就位了，她宣布聚會(huì)開(kāi)頭。3．IhaveaLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish，whichisanimportant____________(aid)learningEnglish.答案：aidin解析：aid常與in連用，而help常與with搭配。句意：我有一本《朗文當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)詞典》，它是我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要助手。4．Shethoughtitwasworthwhileforhertoteachinthesmallvillageto____________________(產(chǎn)生影響)tothelifeofthechildrenthere.答案：makeadifference解析：句意：她認(rèn)為對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)到小鄉(xiāng)村教學(xué)給那里的孩子的生活產(chǎn)生些影響是值得的。makeadifference“有影響；起作用”，符合句意。5．Nowalotofnewtechnology________________________(能被應(yīng)用到)solvingproblemsinindustry.答案：canbeappliedto解析：句意：現(xiàn)在有很多新技術(shù)可以被應(yīng)用到解決工業(yè)問(wèn)題上。6.Onlandingfromtheseayesterday,he____________(ill),sohemaybeabsentfromthemeeting.答案：fellill解析：句意：昨天剛從海上回到陸地，他就病了，因此他有可能缺席今日的會(huì)議。fallill意為“生病”；此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去式，且應(yīng)為瞬間動(dòng)作；故用fellill。7．Paintingfromstillimagesleadstoalossofsensitivity，which__________________(vital)anartist.答案：isvitalto解析：考查形容詞vital用法。句意：用靜止的形象作畫會(huì)導(dǎo)致感覺(jué)的丟失，而感覺(jué)對(duì)一個(gè)藝術(shù)家來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。bevitalto“對(duì)……極其重要”，此處which代指前一句話，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，又由leads可知時(shí)態(tài)故用is。8．Theboymadethesamemistakes________________________(反復(fù)),which,ofcourse，madehisparentsveryangry.答案：overandoveragain解析：overandoveragain意為“反復(fù)，多次”。句意：那個(gè)男孩一次次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，這當(dāng)然令他的父母很生氣。9．Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshop________businessimproves.答案：unless解析：句意：“她說(shuō)假如生意不見(jiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)，她就不得不關(guān)閉這家商店?！眜nless意為“除非；假如……不……”，符合語(yǔ)境。10．Iwaswonderingwhattodowithmycarwhichwouldn'tstart________akindmanofferedtohelp.答案：when解析：考查并列連詞。句意：汽車啟動(dòng)不了，我正在想該怎么辦，這時(shí)一個(gè)好心人主動(dòng)供應(yīng)掛念。這是個(gè)固定句型bedoingsth.when“正在做某事，這時(shí)……”。[實(shí)戰(zhàn)力量·提升]Ⅳ.完形填空[2022·石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Myhusbandhasalwayshadgreatloveforolderpeopleandhashelpedoutseveralelderlyfriendsinthepast，butthisstoryisdifferent!Mr.Daves__1__inthesamelakeasmyhusbandJohnforover15years.A__2__developedbutwhenMrs.Davesdiedfiveyearsago，itleftMr.Davesalone.Theyhadnochildrenandaftersixtyyearsof__3__hewaslost.SoJohntookMr.Davesfishingwithhimeverytimehewent.Mr.Daveswasenergeticandnever__4__beingwithJohn.AfewyearslaterMr.Daveshadastrokethatparalyzed(使癱瘓)hisrightside.Helosthis__5__andwasputintoanursinghome.Confined(限制)tohis__6__andunabletocommunicate,Mr.Davesbeganto__7__fromdepression.Thisalmost__8__John'sheart.Hefinallygot__9__fromthenursinghometotakeMr.Davesoutforaride.Theywereboth__10__tobetogetheragainbutitwasvery__11__forMr.DavestobeliftedintoJohn'struck.The__12__ofhisparalyzedsidepulledheavilyonhisgoodside.Johnworriedaboutthis__13__stilltookhimoutabouteverytendays.Onedayheannouncedhewassellinghis__14__trucktobuyavanthatwasequippedfora__15__.Weresearchedthesevehicles,soldthetruckandgotavan.Itisn'tsportyorfastbutitsure__16__Mr.Dave'spainontheiroutingsandtheybothenjoythemmore.Nowtheycangofishingtogethermore__17__.Mr.Davesisnow86butisstill__18__life.Idon'tknowanyonewhowould__19__theirprizedpossessiontohelpafriend.Ihopehecanbea(n)__20__forotherstotakesimilarstepstohelpthosewhoareinneed.1.A.drove B.fishedC.played D.swam2.A.friendship B.habitC.problem D.story3.A.fishing B.livingC.marriage D.work4.A.afraidof B.awareofC.fondof D.tiredof5.A.sight B.smellC.speech D.touch6.A.bed B.houseC.office D.truck7.A.escape B.hearC.learn D.suffer8.A.broke B.movedC.stole D.ruined9.A.benefit B.informationC.permission D.promise10.A.excited B.frightenedC.surprised D．worried11.A.easy B.happyC.long D.painful12.A.height B.slimnessC.weight D.wound13.A.and B.butC.so D.thus14.A.broken B.favouriteC.new D.old15.A.bedroom B.kitchenC.toilet D.wheelchair16.A.cures B.easesC.promotes D.worsens17.A.cheaply B.fortunatelyC.frequently D.greedily18.A.enjoying B.improvingC.living D.planting19.A.putaway B.pickupC.handin D.giveup20.A.example B.guideC.hero D.superman[文章大意]本文為記敘文。文章作者敘述了其丈夫熱心掛念一個(gè)無(wú)子女的孤寡老人的故事，激勵(lì)人們關(guān)愛(ài)老人。1．B。依據(jù)下文中“SoJohntookMr.Davesfishingwithhimeverytimehewent.”可知，他們是堅(jiān)持到同一個(gè)湖去釣魚。故選B項(xiàng)。2．A。依據(jù)文章第一段“...hashelpedoutseveralelderlyfriendsinthepast...”中的friends可知。故選A項(xiàng)。3．C。依據(jù)上句“...Mrs.Davesdied”以及最終一段首句“Mr.Davesisnow86...”可知，其夫人的去世，結(jié)束了他們60年的婚姻。故選C項(xiàng)。4．D。依據(jù)本段首句可知，他們?cè)谝黄疳烎~長(zhǎng)達(dá)15年之久。依據(jù)下文可知，戴夫斯先生在得了偏癱之后，還樂(lè)于與約翰外出釣魚。明顯他對(duì)與約翰待在一起“從不厭煩”。故選D項(xiàng)。5．C。依據(jù)下一句中的“unabletocommunicate”可知，戴夫斯先生偏癱后，丟失了說(shuō)話的力量。故選C項(xiàng)。6．A。戴夫斯先生偏癱后，住進(jìn)了療養(yǎng)院，只能待在床上，明顯B、C、D三項(xiàng)不合適。故選A項(xiàng)。7．D。戴夫斯先生住進(jìn)療養(yǎng)院后，由于偏癱成天待在床上，而且丟失了語(yǔ)言力量，不能與人溝通，這樣自然“患上”了抑郁癥。故選D項(xiàng)。8．A。戴夫斯先生的不幸和苦痛讓約翰心碎。breakone'sheart令人心碎。故選A項(xiàng)。9．C。戴夫斯先生住進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院之后，約翰要帶其外出，明顯需要經(jīng)過(guò)療養(yǎng)院的“同意、許可”。故選C項(xiàng)。10．A。戴夫斯先生和約翰是長(zhǎng)達(dá)15年的釣友，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有一起外出釣魚，再次一起外出釣魚，兩人都很“興奮”。故選A項(xiàng)。11．D。由于戴夫斯先生身患偏癱，上車的時(shí)候確定不舒適，很“苦痛”。故選D項(xiàng)。12．C。依據(jù)本句中的heavily可知，說(shuō)的是癱瘓的那一側(cè)身體的“重量”重重地拖累著另一側(cè)。故選C項(xiàng)。13．B。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。雖然約翰擔(dān)憂這點(diǎn)，但還是大約每隔10天帶老人出去一次。故選B項(xiàng)。14．B。依據(jù)下文中“theirprizedpossession”可知，賣掉的卡車是約翰“心愛(ài)的”車。故選B項(xiàng)。15．D。戴夫斯先生身體偏癱，坐在卡車上不舒適，約翰賣掉卡車，買了一輛大篷車，自然是在車上裝配了“輪椅”，以便利帶戴夫斯先生外出釣魚。故選D項(xiàng)。16．B。大篷車上裝配了輪椅，這樣，就可以“減輕”戴夫斯先生的苦痛了。故選B項(xiàng)。17．C。大篷車上的輪椅可以減輕戴夫斯先生外出釣魚時(shí)的苦痛，這樣外出釣魚就更“頻繁”了。故選C項(xiàng)。18．A。在約翰的熱心關(guān)愛(ài)下，戴夫斯先生——一個(gè)孤寡老人感受到了關(guān)愛(ài)，現(xiàn)在86歲了，但照舊“享受”著生活的樂(lè)趣。故選A項(xiàng)。19．D。依據(jù)上文，約翰為了減輕戴夫斯先生外出釣魚時(shí)的苦痛，將自己心愛(ài)的卡車賣掉，買了一輛大篷車。其賣掉心愛(ài)的卡車，屬于“放棄”。故選D項(xiàng)。20．A。約翰的行為，為人們掛念那些需要掛念的人樹立了“榜樣”。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅴ.閱讀理解[2022·山西省太原市部分中學(xué)高三統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)]Generally,thetheoryofthe“wisdomofthecrowd”hasbeentrue：Choicesmadebymanyareusuallybetterthanthosemadebyafeworone.ButnewresearchfromArizonaStateUniversityandUppsalaUniversityinSwedenaddsawarningtothatnotion,showingthatcrowdsmightbewisewhenitcomestomakingtoughchoices.Butwhenthealternativeiseasy,thecrowdcanactuallybeprettydumb.Forthisstudy,theresearchersdividedantsintodifferentgroups.Theyweretaskedwithsomethinghumansmightrelatewellto:apartmenthunting.Specifically,theyweresupposedtomovefromtheirexistingdwellingtoanew“house”—oneoftwopiecesofhollowed-outwood,oneofwhichwasdarkerthantheother.Andifyou'reanant,darkerisbetter.Whentheywerehuntingasagroup,theantsmadetheirchoicebycheckingoutthetwohouses.Whenthedifferencebetweenthetwohouseswassignificant,thegroupofantstendedtomakethewrongdecisionmoreoftenthananindividualanthouse-huntingbyhimself.“Outof100antsevaluatingapoornest,10ofthemstartbringingnestmatestothepoornestwithoutvisitingtheothernests.Theantswhorejectediteventuallyfindtheothernestandcompare,butbythattime,the‘rashdecision-making’antshavealreadyrecruitedmanynestmatesfromthehometothepoornest,sothe‘carefuldecision-making’antsmaynotcontributemuchtothecolony'sdecision.”Personally,theseantsremindedmeofsoccerriots(騷亂),massattacks,oreventhedecisiontojointerrorgroups.Wecansometimesbefooledintomakinganextremelypoorchoice－evenwhenamuchbetteralternativeisclearlyavailable—simplybecausethosearoundushavemaderashdecisionsandwe'refollowingtheirlead.1．Weknowfromthepassagethat________.A.thetougherthetaskis,themoreoftenthecrowdhavenowayoutB.it'spossibleforthecrowdtoactfoolishlywhenfacinganeasychoiceC.mostoftheantsregardedthepoornestasacomfortableplaceD.theresearchwascarriedoutinanewhouse2．WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A.Inthisresearch,differentgroupsofantswerefacedwithtwochoices.B.Humanbeingsarealsolikelytobefooledintoactingfoolishly.C．Asingleantismorelikelytobecorrectbecauseheisindependent.D.Antsareextremelyfondofmakingtheirnestsinabrightplace.3．Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthearticle?A.There'sStrengthinNumbersB.TheMajorityHavetheTruthonTheirSidesC.TheStupidityoftheCrowdD.TheMinorityShouldSubmittotheMajority[文章大意]都說(shuō)“星多天空亮，人多才智廣”。人越多，才智真的越廣嗎？科學(xué)家爭(zhēng)辯發(fā)覺(jué)，并非總是這樣。1．B?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章第一段的最終一句“Butwhenthealternativeiseasy，thecrowdcanactuallybeprettydumb.”可知，B是答案；A項(xiàng)的意思正好與B項(xiàng)相反，細(xì)讀第一段可以排解；依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的第一句，我們可以排解C項(xiàng)，由于文章說(shuō)只有10%的螞蟻可能會(huì)對(duì)住宅誤判；依據(jù)其次段的倒數(shù)其次句我們可以排解D項(xiàng)，文章說(shuō)爭(zhēng)辯是在兩根木頭中進(jìn)行的。2．D。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。文章的其次段和第三段都提到這點(diǎn)，它們要在darkhouse和notdarkhouse之間做出選擇，故A項(xiàng)正確；由最終一段可知B項(xiàng)正確；第三段講到了“一群螞蟻更易作出錯(cuò)誤