【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專(zhuān)題一-冠詞-

eq\a\vs4\al(課堂講義)基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)篇第一部分語(yǔ)法突破專(zhuān)題一冠詞1.(2022·江西卷)TheychoseTomtobe________captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas________smartleader.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a2.(2022·天津卷)Lifeislike________ocean;only________strong－willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the；/D./;a3.(2022·浙江卷)Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays________week,oftenlonginto________night.A.a;theB.the;/C.a;aD./;the4.(2022·陜西卷)________villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto________town.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;a5.(2022·重慶卷)Ican'ttellyou________waytotheWilsons'becausewedon'thave________Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;theD.the;/6.(2021·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)Indiaattained________independencein1947,after________longstruggle.A./;aB.the;aC.an;/D.an;the7.(2021·江西卷)Animalsareobviously________lowerformoflifethan________man.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;theD./;/8.(2021·陜西卷)MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon________PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain________thirteenthcentury.A.the;aB.a;/C./;theD.the;the9.(2021·重慶卷)Theparentswereshockedby________newsthattheirsonneeded________operationonhisknee.A.a;/B.the;/C.the;anD.a;an10.(2021·山東卷)Itwas________coldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacross________nightsky.A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;/1.【答案】C【解析】句意：他們選Tom為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，由于他們知道他是個(gè)聰慧的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第一空，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位名稱captain作表語(yǔ)，一般不加冠詞，間或加定冠詞the;其次空，表泛指，只能用a。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：生活就像海洋一樣，只有意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人才能到達(dá)彼岸。第一空，ocean不表具體，是泛指，用不定冠詞；其次空，“形容詞＋定冠詞”表一類(lèi)人。3.【答案】A【解析】句意：論文下月要交。我現(xiàn)在每周工作七天，經(jīng)常始終到深夜。aweek＝everyweek;longintothenight＝far/deepintothenight。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：我誕生的那個(gè)村莊現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)展成了城鎮(zhèn)。village后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，表特指；town表泛指，用不定冠詞。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：我們村沒(méi)有一個(gè)名叫Wilson的人，所以我沒(méi)法告知你去Wilson家的路。thewayto...(通往……的路)，是習(xí)慣表達(dá)；人名前加不定冠詞表“一個(gè)名叫……的人”。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：印度經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)后，在1947年獲得了獨(dú)立。由于independence是抽象名詞，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠詞；struggle為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表泛指，故其次空填a。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：動(dòng)物明顯是一種比人類(lèi)低級(jí)的生命形式。第一空，表泛指，表示“一種……形式”；其次空，man表示“人類(lèi)”，前面不加冠詞。8.【答案】D【解析】句意：據(jù)說(shuō)在13世紀(jì)，MarcoPolo去爪哇島途中曾航行經(jīng)過(guò)太平洋。在海洋、江河等專(zhuān)出名詞前要用the;thirteenth是序數(shù)詞，前面也要用the。9.【答案】C【解析】句意：這對(duì)父母對(duì)他們兒子需要做膝部手術(shù)的消息感到震驚。第一空，news后有同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明news的內(nèi)容，表特指，故使用定冠詞the;其次空，表示“在膝部做的一個(gè)手術(shù)”，表泛指，故用不定冠詞an。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：那是一個(gè)寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮穿過(guò)夜空光明地閃爍著。第一空，泛指某個(gè)寒冷冬天的夜晚，用不定冠詞a；其次空，特指那個(gè)晚上的夜空，用定冠詞the。冠詞部分主要考查其基本用法以及考生氣敏使用冠詞的力量。近年熱點(diǎn)為冠詞的固定搭配、名詞表泛指或特指時(shí)與冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。有時(shí)也會(huì)考核獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位名稱前有無(wú)冠詞和專(zhuān)出名詞前加不定冠詞的類(lèi)指用法。雖然近四年來(lái)，江蘇省高考的單項(xiàng)填空中未曾對(duì)冠詞進(jìn)行考核，但在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，同學(xué)是否能夠正確運(yùn)用冠詞直接反映出同學(xué)駕馭冠詞力量的凹凸。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一：不定冠詞的用法1指一類(lèi)人或事、每一個(gè)，相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every,per,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”，相當(dāng)于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不生疏此人或與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout.ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng/anEinstein.6抽象名詞具體化，表示一個(gè)具體的人或物或事時(shí)，可用不定冠詞(詳見(jiàn)名詞表格)Thereisnodoubtthatthemeetingwillbeagreatsuccess.agoodknowledge/understanding/command/...ofsth.7用于一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中：acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime,asamatteroffact,inaword,dosb.afavor,payavisitto,haveacold/headache/fever,allofasudden,ahandful,alengthof(一根，一段),awealth/massof,avarietyof,adepthof,atotalof,anaverageof要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類(lèi)人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于表世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacific3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于西洋樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人或事therich,theliving/missing,thewounded/injured/employed比較：Theinjuredwererushedtothenearesthospital.Theunknownisyettocome.6表示“一家人”或“某夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前；無(wú)比較范圍時(shí)，“a＋most＋形容詞原級(jí)”意為“格外……、格外……、極……”Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.Mobilephonesareamostusefulinvention.8用于國(guó)家黨派機(jī)構(gòu)等，江河湖海，山川群島海峽，由一般名詞構(gòu)成的朝代建筑雜志的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench,theSahara,theTaiwanStrait,theHistoryMuseum,theArtic,theAlps,theChildren'sPalace,theSongDynasty,The9用于表示創(chuàng)造物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指某世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年月inthe1990(’)s11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.measuretheparkbytheyard,selltheeggsbythedozen/thegram12用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞、表示時(shí)間的詞組前vt.＋sb.＋in/by/on＋the＋身體部位Hepattedmeontheshoulder.(inthe)northof,inthemorning13“the＋比較級(jí)”的情形thetallerofthetwomen;themore...,themore;Whichisthe...＋n．，AorB？；changeforthebetter＝takeaturnforthebetter;somuchthebetter14用于一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中：ontheincrease/rise/decrease/decline,inthelong/shortrun/term,atthesight/sound/thoughtof,onthefly,ontherun/move,totherescueof,pleasanttotheear/eye,forthebetter/worse,ontheotherhand,intheway,forthetimebeing,thesame,theopposite,playthefool(裝傻)要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三：零冠詞的用法1專(zhuān)出名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名地名等名詞前★表示地點(diǎn)的專(zhuān)出名詞一般不用定冠詞修飾，但當(dāng)指特定時(shí)期的某地或某地的主要特征時(shí)，應(yīng)用定冠詞BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,lovetheChina(of)today,theAmericaofthelastcentury,theNewYorkofChina2名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone.Whosepurseisthis？3季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前；thiskind/sortof后的名詞前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring比較：theSpring/Lantern/Dragon－boat/Mid－autumnFestival，intheOctoberof1958,inthesummerof20094表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜的名詞，在句子中作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或在as后時(shí)LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言、球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.9man表“人類(lèi)”，word表“消息；承諾”時(shí)；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，單數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞bebeneficialtoman,Wordcamethat從句＝Thenewscamethat從句，leavewordwithsb.that從句10用于一些習(xí)語(yǔ)中：outofsight/mind/touch/breath/order/date/control/fashion/danger/patience/step/charity/curiosity/pity,loseheart,givewayto,keeppacewith,findfaultwith,setfooton,turnwriter,catchsightof,losttrackof,secondtonone,heartandsoul,atsea,atrisk,atfirstsight/glance,withease,atease,withanger,frommorningtillnight,onboard,onshow,onarrival,indanger,ingeneral,insize,insight/view,introuble,ingoodhealth/condition,ingreatdemand/needof,inhonor/memoryof,infavorof,inplaceof,infaceof要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備四：有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞意義很不一樣，但一般說(shuō)來(lái)，前無(wú)冠詞，表示抽象意義，前有冠詞，則表具體意義outofquestion不成問(wèn)題outofthequestion不行能gotochurch做禮拜gotothechurch去教堂takeplace發(fā)生taketheplaceof代替inhospital生病住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院infrontof在……(外部的)前面inthefrontof在……(內(nèi)部的)前面threeofus我們中的三個(gè)人thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人onearth到底o(hù)ntheearth在地球上ofage成年ofthe/anage同齡losecolour臉色蒼白losethecolour褪色loseheart氣餒loseone'sheartto...愛(ài)上……byday在白天bytheday按日計(jì)算inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)inthechargeof由……負(fù)責(zé)inpossessionof擁有inthepossessionof為……全部inoffice在執(zhí)政intheoffice在辦公室里infuture從今以后，將來(lái)inthefuture將來(lái)重點(diǎn)突破靠雙基一基為“基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)的積累”。冠詞用法繁瑣簡(jiǎn)單，是考查的重點(diǎn)也是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)，故日常的積累格外重要。同時(shí)要多留意短語(yǔ)中冠詞的運(yùn)用。二基為“基于考題的語(yǔ)境”，推斷冠詞后的名詞可數(shù)還是不行數(shù)，泛指還是特指，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，類(lèi)指還是特指，最終定奪冠詞的運(yùn)用。1.—Haveyouheardof________deathofNelsonMandela?—Oh,really?Itwillbe________shocktotheworld.A./;theB.a;theC./;aD.the;a2.Thanksto________dramacurrentlyonair,ManfromtheStars,SouthKoreanTVdramashaveattracted________wideraudience.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.a;/3.—Howmanypeoplearestillleading________lifeunder________povertylineintheworld?—Perhapsonefourth.A.the;/B.a;theC.a;aD./;/4.—Manypeopledon'tthinkmuchofthemovie.—Ithinkdifferently.In________way,itisaverygoodfilm.And________photographedsceneisverybeautiful.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;/D.a;the5.It'sreally________comforttotheprofessorthathissonhasbeenadmittedto________HarvardUniversity.A.a;/B.the;/C./;theD.the;the6.________onlineanti－fireworkcampaignstartedthisveryyearis________goodplatformtochangethewaypeoplecelebratetheNewYear.A.The;theB.The;aC.An;aD.An;the7.—Didyouenjoyyourselfyesterday?—Yes.Asyousaw,________partywentonin________mostpleasantatmosphere.A.the;aB.the;theC.a;theD.a;a8.Mostscientistsseemtoagreethat________certainlimitshouldbeseton________consumptionofcarstoeaseairpollution.A.a;theB./;theC.the;/D.the;the9.Peoplearelivingin________worldwheremouseclicksruleourlife，soonlinesearcheshavebecome________must.A.the;/B./;aC.a;aD.a;the10.Idon'tthinkourfirsttestoftherobotis________failure,andyouknowwehavelearned________valuableexperienceforourfuturetests.A./;/B./;aC.a;aD.a;/11.—CanItake________resultofthetestingout?—Thelabisin________chargeofPhilip,andyou'dbetteraskhimforpermission.A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D.the;the12.Hearingthewords,thegirl,redin________face,gavethemanaforcedsmile,andwentbackward,keepinghimat________distance.A./;aB.the;theC.the;aD./;the13.Throwingawaytraditionalagriculturetomake________wayformodernagricultureisagrowingtrendaroundChina,andsomeprovincesareleading________way.A./;theB.the;aC./;aD.the;the14.Thetouristsstoodatthetopofthemountainin________eastofthecity,watching________burningsunrising.A.the;aB./;theC./;/D./;a15.Asenvironmentprotectionisbecoming________publicconcern,________governmentisdeterminedtopaymoreattentiontotheissue.A./;theB.a;/C.the;aD.a;the1.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你聽(tīng)說(shuō)NelsonMandela去世了嗎？——哦，真的嗎？這將是一件讓全世界都震驚的事情。第一空，thedeathofNelsonMandela特指NelsonMandela的去世；其次空后shock是抽象名詞具體化，ashock表“一件令人震驚的事情”。2.【答案】B【解析】句意：由于現(xiàn)在熱播的電視劇《來(lái)自星星的你》，韓國(guó)電視劇已吸引了更多的觀眾。熱播的電視劇中《來(lái)自星星的你》只是其中的一部，所以用不定冠詞；awideraudience(更廣泛的觀眾群)。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：——世上有多少人照舊生活在貧困線以下？——大約四分之一。第一空，過(guò)著怎樣的生活，習(xí)慣上用不定冠詞a;其次空，povertyline應(yīng)表既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用定冠詞。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：——很多人對(duì)這部電影并不看好?！矣胁煌南敕?。在某種程度上，這是部好電影。并且所拍攝的場(chǎng)景很美。第一空，inaway(在某種程度上)是固定短語(yǔ)；其次空，表電影中的場(chǎng)景，是特定的。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：對(duì)這個(gè)教授而言，兒子被哈佛高校錄用的確是件令人勸慰的事。第一空，comfort是抽象名詞具體化，acomfort表示“一件令人欣慰的事情”，指下文從句所講的事；其次空，Harwa