英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況教案Lesson-4范文

南京交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院教案教師姓名尹亮宇授課班級(jí)/2015/2032授課形式講授授課日期年月日第周授課時(shí)數(shù)80minutes授課章節(jié)名稱UnitTwoHistoryABriefHistoryoftheUSA教學(xué)目的AcquiresageneralideaaboutthehistoryoftheUSA.LearnaboutthemajorstagesandimportantfiguresinAmericanhistory.FindouttheinfluenceofAmericanhistoryonotherEnglish-speakingcountries.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)TheWarofIndependence（美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）TerritorialExpansion（領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張）TheCivilWar（南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）RapidGrowthofEconomy（經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速增長(zhǎng)）教學(xué)難點(diǎn)EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)

FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)

TheCivilWar(1861-1865)

更新、補(bǔ)充、刪節(jié)內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充：Casestudy刪除：補(bǔ)充閱讀使用教具多媒體教室課外作業(yè)1.Memorizethewordsandphrases.2.P.54I.3.SupplementaryReading.課后體會(huì)授課主要內(nèi)容I．Revision:(10’)1.RevisethecontentofLesson3.2.Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠弥形?II.NewLesson:(60’)PartPartII.TextPre-ColonialAmerica：ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci,anothernavigatorprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.（詳細(xì)）EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)：By1750,nealry2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinserachofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouthin1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.（詳細(xì)）FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)TheWarofIndependence（概述）Territorialexpansion（概述）TheCivilWar(1861–1865)（概述）RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)（概述）Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)（略詳）WorldWarII(1939-1945)（概述）III.Consolidation:(9’)（回顧本課所學(xué)內(nèi)容，討論并拓寬思維）Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandmakeanoralreporttotheclass.HowwastheUnitedStatesofAmericafounded?

HowdidtheUSAbecometherichestcountryintheworld?WhatarethereasonsofthefalloftheUKandtheriseoftheUSA?CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation

---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofStaffinDecember1941,amilitarycommandwithauthorityoverallAmericanandBritishoperations.Thiscooperationhasincreasedsteadilysincetheearly1950swhenmilitarycontactswerere-established.IV.Homework:(1’)SupplementaryReading.4.P.59I說(shuō)明：教師備課筆記由學(xué)校自訂式樣并附后Unit2HistoryLesson4ABriefHistoryoftheUI．Revision:Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠弥形?參考資料MountMountRushmoreNationalMemorial,nearKeystone,SouthDakota,isamonumentalgranitesculpturebyGutzonBorglum,with60-foot(18

m)sculpturesoftheheadsofformerUnitedStatespresidents(lefttoright):GeorgeWashington(1732–1799),ThomasJefferson(1743–1826),TheodoreRoosevelt(1858–1919),andAbrahamLincoln(1809–1865).AbrahamLincolnThe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,whoguidedhiscountrythroughthemostdevastatingexperienceinitsnationalhistory---theCivilWar.USCoatofArmsTheGreatSealoftheUnitedStatesisusedtoauthenticatecertaindocumentsissuedbytheUnitedStatesfederalgovernment.TheGreatSealwasfirstusedpubliclyin1782.ThedesignontheobverseofthegreatsealisthenationalcoatofarmsoftheUnitedStates.ItisofficiallyusedondocumentssuchasUnitedStatespassports,militaryinsignia,embassyplacards,andvariousflags.FranklinRooseveltFranklinDelanoRoosevelt(January30,1882–April12,1945),oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsFDR,wasthethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Electedtofourtermsinoffice,heservedfrom1933to1945andistheonlyU.S.presidenttohaveservedmorethantwoterms.Hewasacentralfigureofthe20thcenturyduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar,andhasbeenrankedasoneofthethreegreatestUSpresidentsinscholarlysurveys.II.NewLesson:PartI.PartII.TextPre-reading:GiveabriefintroductionofthehistoricperiodsoftheUSAHistoricPeriodsTimeMajorIncidentsEnglishColonialAmerica1493—1776thevoyageoftheMayflowerShiptheimmigrationofthePuritansFormingoftheUSA1776—1849BostonTeaPartyWarofIndependenceCivilWar1861—1865IssueofEmancipationProclamationliberationofblackslavesRapidGrowthofEconomy1865—1940WorldWarI;theGreatDepressionWorldWarII1939—1945TheattackonPearlHarborTheset-upoftheUnitedNations(1).Pre-ColonialAmerica1.WhofirstcametoAmericaandhowdidtheycomethere?(PeoplemigratedfromAsiaviaBeringLandBridgesome2000yearsago.TheyarecalledNativeAmericans.)2.WhowasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonthenewworld?WhydidhenamethelocalpeopleIndians?(ChristopherColumbuscametoPuertoRicoin1492andnamedthelocalpeopleIndians)3.WhoprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia?(AmerigoVespucciprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.)Thepresent-dayUnitedStateswasoriginallypopulatedbypeoplemigratingfromAsiaviatheBeringlandbridge（白令海峽大陸橋）startingsome20,000yearsago.ThesepeoplebecametheindigenouspeoplewhoinhabitedtheAmericasbeforethearrivalofEuropeanexplorersandwhoarenowcalledNativeAmericans.ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci（亞美瑞格.韋斯普奇）,anothernavigator（航海家）provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.(2).EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)1.Wherewasthefirstcolonyfounded?2.HowmanycoloniesdidtheBritishestablishalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica?3.Whydidpuritansleavetheirowncountries?4.HowdidtheyestablishthePlymouthcolony?ThefirstEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswasfoundedatJamestown(詹姆士鎮(zhèn)),Virginiain1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.By1750,nearly2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinsearchofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouth(普利茅斯)in1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.From1630to1643,thegreatPuritanmigrationbroughtabout20,000EnglishmentotheMassachusettsBaycolony.北美洲原為印第安人聚居地。15世紀(jì)末，西班牙、荷蘭、法國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)開(kāi)始向北美洲移民。1606年英國(guó)在北美建起第一個(gè)城市——詹姆斯，后發(fā)展為弗吉尼亞殖民地。17世紀(jì)和18世紀(jì)上半葉，英國(guó)殖民者先后在東起大西洋沿岸，西至阿巴拉契亞山脈之間建立了13個(gè)殖民地，殘暴屠殺當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩?，并從非洲掠?lái)大批黑人充當(dāng)奴隸。(3).FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)(TheWarofIndependence)1.WhatisthepreludeoftheWarofIndependenceandhowdidithappen?2.Whatistheprocessofthewar?In1774,theFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaandColonialmilitiaunitswereorganized.TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependenceAContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.3.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheconstitutionoftheUSA?4.HowdidtheUSArealizeitsterritorialexpansion?Theprelude---Withtherapideconomicdevelopment,peopleofthe13coloniesdesiredmorepowertodeterminetheirownbusiness,whiletheBritishgovernmentwantedtobringthedevelopmentundercontrolandtocollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.---InordertohelptheBritishEastIndiaCompanyoutofdifficulty,theBritishgovernmentallowedthecompanytosellteaatalowerpriceinthecoloniesthroughitsownpeople.---ThistookawaytheteabusinessfromAmericanteamerchants.ThisunfairtreatmentledtothefamousBostonTeaParty（波士頓傾茶事件）in1773whichwasconsideredasthepreludeoftheWarofIndependence.TheWarofIndependence---InSeptember1774,theFirstContinentalCongress（第一屆大陸會(huì)議）washeldinPhiladelphia,whichencouragedAmericanstorefusetobuyBritishgoods.Colonialmilitiaunits（民兵部隊(duì)）wereorganized.---TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependence.Threeweekslater,attheSecondContinentalCongressthedelegatesagreedtosupportthewar.AContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersonofVirginiadraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencewhichwasadoptedonJuly4,1776.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.UnitedStatesConstitutionThenewUnitedStatesConstitutionfavoredarepresentative,electivegovernmenttoreplacetheexistingmonarchicalstructures.Thesystemofrepublicanismplacedaprimacyuponindividuallibertyanduponconstrainingthepowerofgovernmentthroughdivisionofpowersandasystemofchecksandbalances.GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.1775年，波士頓人民武裝起義，打響了北美人民反抗英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治的獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的第一槍。1776年第二次大陸會(huì)議在費(fèi)城召開(kāi)，會(huì)議決定組成大陸軍，由華盛頓任總司令，并通過(guò)《獨(dú)立宣言》，正式宣布建立美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。1783年美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，英國(guó)被迫承認(rèn)美國(guó)獨(dú)立。1787年通過(guò)聯(lián)邦憲法，次年底舉行第一次選舉，華盛頓當(dāng)選第一任總統(tǒng)。1789年聯(lián)邦政府成立。1812～1814年第二次美、英戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，美國(guó)完全擺脫英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治。Territorialexpansion---ItforcedEnglandtogiveupOldNorthwest,andSpaintoopentheMississippiRiver.美國(guó)人適使英國(guó)放棄了舊西北地區(qū).，使西班牙開(kāi)放密西西比河，---ItboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,whichalmostdoubleditsterritory.---AftertheWarwithMexico,MexicowasforcedtogiveupCaliforniaandNewMexico---In1830,theIndianRemovalActauthorizedthepresidenttonegotiatetreatiesthatexchangedIndiantriballandsintheeasternstatesforlandswestoftheMississippiRiver.---From1789to1849,theterritoryoftheUnitedStateswasgreatlyenlarged.19世紀(jì)初，隨著資本主義的迅速發(fā)展，美國(guó)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)開(kāi)始對(duì)外擴(kuò)張。1803年美國(guó)利用拿破侖在海地戰(zhàn)敗之機(jī)，購(gòu)買了法國(guó)在北美的殖民地路易斯安那。1812年美國(guó)向西擴(kuò)展，侵占印第安人土地。1818年和1819年，美國(guó)分別向英國(guó)和西班牙購(gòu)買了北達(dá)科他州的部分土地和佛羅里達(dá)。1845年侵占了墨西哥的得克薩斯。翌年，美國(guó)以邊界事件為借口，向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，墨西哥被迫1848年將其北部230萬(wàn)平方千米的土地(即今加利福尼亞、亞利桑那、內(nèi)華達(dá)、猶他、新墨西哥、科羅拉多等州)"出售"給美國(guó)。19世紀(jì)中后期，美國(guó)又將其侵略擴(kuò)張伸向海外。1867年美國(guó)用720萬(wàn)美元向沙俄購(gòu)買了阿拉斯加和阿留申群島。1898年兼并夏威夷，又通過(guò)對(duì)西班牙的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)控制了古巴，并奪取了西屬波多黎各、關(guān)島和菲律賓。1903年占領(lǐng)了中途島，霸占了巴拿馬運(yùn)河。1917年迫使丹麥“出讓”維爾京群島。在1776年后的100余年內(nèi)，美國(guó)領(lǐng)土幾乎擴(kuò)張了10倍。(4).TheCivilWar(1861–1865)1.WhatcausedtheCivilWar?2.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,whatdidtheSouthernstatesdo?3.HowdidLincolnleadtheUniongainingthevictoryofthewar?Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,whiteAmericansoftheNorthandSouthwereunabletoreconcilefundamentaldifferencesintheirapproachtogovernment,economics,societyandAfricanAmericanslavery.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,theSouthernstatesbrokeawayandestablishedarebelgovernment,theConfederateStatesofAmerica,onFebruary9,1861.TheCivilWarbrokeoutonApril12,1861.PresidentAbrahamLincolnwonsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.HeissuedthefamousEmancipationProclamation.ThusEnglandandFrancestoodbytheUnion’sside,andmanyblacksjoinedtheUnionarmy.OnNovember19,1863,LincolnmadeanotherfamousspeechatGettysburg.Afteraseriesofbattles,theConfederatearmysurrenderedonApril9,1865,andfivedayslaterLincolnwasshotdead.InDecember,theThirteenthAmendment,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitution.美國(guó)北部的資本主義獲得迅速發(fā)展，但南部仍保持著使用黑人奴隸勞動(dòng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。19世紀(jì)30年代初興起美國(guó)廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)。1860年反對(duì)黑奴制度的共和黨人.林肯當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。次年南部奴隸主發(fā)動(dòng)叛亂，南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)。1862年9月，林肯頒布《解放黑奴宣言》。1865年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以北方獲勝結(jié)束，為資本主義在全美國(guó)的發(fā)展掃清了道路。(5).RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)1.WhathelpedtheUSAgrowrapidly?2.WhatdidtheProgressiveMovementdemand?3.WhatwasthereformofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt?4.WhydidtheUSAstandneutralduringtheFirstWorldWar?5.WhydiditdeclarethewaronGermany?AftertheCivilWar,theUnitedStatesexperiencedatremendousgrowthinindustry,agriculture,science,andtechnology,andpopulation.---firstlythepoliticalenvironmentwasstable;---secondlythefreeslavestogetherwiththeimmigrantsfromEuropeandAsiaofferedastronglaborforce;---ThirdlyscienceandinventionplayedaveryimportantroleinAmerica’sindustrialdevelopment;---By1900,theproductionofsteelandcoalbothrankedthefirstintheworld.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,therealsoaroseanumberofsocialproblems.TheProgressiveMovementbegan,demandinggovernmentregulationoftheeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.PresidentTheodoreRoosevelt(1901-1909)strengthenedfederalregulationoftherailroadsandenforcedtheShermanAntitrustActagainstseverallargecorporations.Healsopromotedconservation,withlargereservesofforestland,coal,oil,mineralandwatersavedforfuturegenerations.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,theUnitedSatesstoodneutralinnamewhilesellinglargequantitiesofarmsandofferingbankloanstoBritainandFrance.TheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronGermanyonApril6,1917.WhenthewarendedonNovember11,1918,theUSwasoneofthebigFour(theUS,Britain,FranceandItaly)toenjoytheinterestdivisionofthedefeatedcountries.美國(guó)史學(xué)界一般把1900年～1917年間美國(guó)所發(fā)生的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)改革運(yùn)動(dòng)統(tǒng)稱進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)。在性質(zhì)上，進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)是以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)為主體、有社會(huì)各階層參與的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)改革運(yùn)動(dòng)，目的在于消除美國(guó)從“自由”資本主義過(guò)渡到壟斷資本主義所引起的種種社會(huì)弊端，重建社會(huì)價(jià)值體系和經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。在內(nèi)容上，進(jìn)步運(yùn)動(dòng)同時(shí)在聯(lián)邦、州和市三級(jí)展開(kāi)，從政治上的爭(zhēng)取婦女選舉權(quán)、市政改革到經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的反托拉斯運(yùn)動(dòng)，從救濟(jì)窮人和改善工人待遇的社會(huì)正義運(yùn)動(dòng)到自然資源保護(hù)，囊括社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面，影響深遠(yuǎn)。(6).Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)1.Howdidthehistoriansdescribethe1920sintheUS?2.CanyoudescribetheGreatDepressionintheUS?3.HowdidPresidentFranklinRoosevelthelpAmericaoutofthedepression?FollowingWorldWarI,theU.S.grewsteadilyinstatureasaneconomicandmilitaryworldpower.Itenjoyedaperiodofunbalancedprosperity:farmpricesandwagesfellwhileindustrialprofitsgrew.In1932,PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltpassedanumberofactstopreventthepossiblecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem.HedidsuccessfullygetAmericaoutofthedepressionduringhistenureofoffice.(7).WorldWarII(1939–1945)1.WhatwastheattitudeoftheUSduringtheWorldWarIIatthebeginning?2.WhydidtheUStakepartintheWar?3.WhataretheprinciplesoftheUSdiplomacy?AswithWorldWarI,theUnitedStateshadboundthecountrytoneutrality.ItsdecisiontodeclarewarfollowedJapan'ssurpriseattackonPearlHarboron7December1941.FourdaysaftertheattackonPearlHarbor,onDecember11,NaziGermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.ThereweretwoguidingprinciplesofthewartimeAmericandiplomacy:towinthewar;toestablishapostwarpoliticalstructureinaccordwithAmericaninterestsandtopreventtheSovietUnionfromover-expansion.(8).AmericanSocietyDuringPostwarBoom1.CanyoudescribetheeconomicboomoftheUSafterWWII?2.Whatarethecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom?3.Whichwererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths?AfterWWII,theUnitedStatesenteredaperiodofeconomicboom.---Thecornerstonesweretheautomobile,housing,anddefenseindustries.---Economygrewatanaveragerateof3.5percentperyear---Nation’sGNProsefromjustover$200billionin1946tocloseto$1trillionin1970.---From1946to1961,over63.5millionbabieswereborn.Ofthethreecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom,twowererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths.---Thefirstwasaconstructionboomtoprovidehousesandschoolsforallthesechildren.---thesecondwasautomobilemanufacturingforthegrowingnewcommunities.---Thethirdwasmilitaryspending.WhentheDefenseDepartmentwasestablishedin1949,thenationspentabout$13billionayearondefense.By1951,itsbudgetwasover$22billion,andithasbeengoingupeversince.CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofSta