2021年上海市牛津版初三英語(yǔ)自招沖刺講義（名詞性從句加十一選十）S

自招英語(yǔ)教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號(hào)：年級(jí)：課時(shí)數(shù)：學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：學(xué)科教師：課程主題：自招講義--名詞性從句＋十一選十授課時(shí)間：學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握名詞性從句的用法進(jìn)行自招綜合訓(xùn)練教學(xué)內(nèi)容建議5minWehaveheardaboutpeoplewhohavespecialmemories.RecentlytherehasbeenareportaboutawomanfromAustraliawhocanrememberalmosteverysingled_81___ofalltheeventsinherdailylife.RebeccaSharrock,25,isoneofjust80peopleworldwidewhohavebeenidentifiedashavingHighlySuperiorAutobiographicalMemory(超級(jí)自傳體記憶癥).Itmeansshecanremembereverysmallevent-whichmostpeoplewouldf__82__withindays–asidithadhappenedjustmomentsago.“Iremembermymumplacingmeinthedriver’sseatofacarandtakingapictureofmewhenIwas12daysold,”shesaid.“That’smye_83___memory,Irememberverydaysincethen.Ican’ttellallthedatese___84_becauseIwastooyoungtounderstandcalendars,butIrememberwhatIdidthatday,whattheweatherwaslikeandsoon.”Rebeccacanalsore-experiencetaste.Ifshe’seatingsomethingunpleasant,shethinksaboutBlackForestcake,herfavoritefood,andthememorywillbesop_85___thatshecannearly“taste”it.However,therearetimeswhenhermemoriesprovetobepainfulasit’snotjusteventsthatsheremembers.“WhenIrelive(再體驗(yàn))memories,thefeelingsr__86___,too.”Rebeccasaid,“Forexample,IrememberfallingoverwhenIwasthreeatmygrandparents’houseandhurtingmyleftknee.Talkingaboutitnow,Ifeelpainfulinmyleftknee.”“Atnight,Ihavetosleepwithther_87____andasoftlighton,”sheadded.“Ifit’stoodarkorquiet,mymindwouldbefilledwithallthesememoriesandIcan’tsleep.”1.Being________,healwayshadaneyetothemainchance.(ambition)2.Thefoodiseasytogobadwhenthe________inthehouseistoohigh.(humid)3.Thetouristareaisdottedwithhistoricand_________attractions.(scene)4.Weseemtohavea_________memoryforthebestbitsofthepast.(select)5.Welaughedather_________inthekitchen;shecouldn’tboilwater.(experience)6.Thefilmistechnically______,butlacksrealexcitementinplot.(impress)7.Itmademealittle_________thattwasn’tatruememberoftheirclub.(envy)8.Itwasstormy,windyweather,andthewavescrashed_________undertheirfeet.(violence)Ⅴ.Completethefollowingsentencesasrequired(根據(jù)所給要求，完成下列句子。每空限填一詞)：（共14分）1.“I’llreturntheDVDstoMaryassoonaspossible”,saidMike.(改為賓語(yǔ)從句)Mikesaidhe_______________backtheDVDstoMaryassoonaspossible.2.StudentswhowentonasightseeingtourenjoyedthemselvesintheMoviePark.(保持句意不變)Studentwhowentonasightseeingtour______thetimeoftheir________intheMoviePark.3.Alice’sgirlfriendwerejealouswhentheysawhernewdress.(保持句意不變)Alice’sgirlfriendwere_______with_______whentheysawhernewdress.4.Thegirlwaseightyearsold.Shehadatalkwithmyfather.(保持句意不變)Myfatherhadatalkwithagirl___________________.5.Theteachersometimesmakesthestudentsrepeatthequestionsinclass.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thestudentsaresometimes___________________repeatthequestionsinclass.6.ThenewcomputercostMr.Blackalotofmoney.(改為否定句)Thenewcomputer______costMr.Black_______money.7.there,20million,people,in,Shanghai,are,living.(連詞成句)____________________________________________?建議5min名詞性從句翻譯練習(xí)1我是否接受邀請(qǐng)不關(guān)你的事。Whether她遲到的原因是她誤了車(chē)。Reason我認(rèn)為她不太在意我的話。Believe我們毫不懷疑他是最佳籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。Doubt很有可能他將老師的話都忘了。Likely建議70min一、名詞性從句總述1.定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses）。1）名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。2）因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)從句HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.表語(yǔ)從句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.同位語(yǔ)從句Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.這里重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下同位語(yǔ)從句，顧名思義，所謂同位語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子與主句中某一個(gè)名詞互為同位語(yǔ)！那么什么是同位語(yǔ)呢，很簡(jiǎn)單就是相同地位，相同成分，平起平坐，A(名詞)=B（從句）,B（從句）=A（名詞）,去掉任何一部分（A/B）對(duì)整個(gè)句子都不影響。而且與從句互為同位語(yǔ)的名詞一般為抽象名詞，例如：advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：1.連詞：that（無(wú)任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

2.連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever

3.連接副詞：when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften連接詞的判定：根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所做的不同的成分，我們可以歸納如下：人物主語(yǔ)：whowhat賓語(yǔ)：whomwhat名詞性從句表語(yǔ)：whomwhat定語(yǔ)：whichwhatwhose狀語(yǔ)：whenwherewhyhow(howmany,howmuch,howoften)不做成份：thatif/whetherasif/asthoughbecause3.名詞性從句解題思路1.從句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，首先分清楚簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。2.連詞的選用依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。如果句子中缺主語(yǔ)，指人用who，指物用what；如缺賓語(yǔ)，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where；原因狀語(yǔ)用why；方式狀語(yǔ)用how；定語(yǔ)用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether和if（是否）。二、名詞性從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：主語(yǔ)從句一、主語(yǔ)從句的定義在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)的從句。二、主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(that不可省)，whether；代詞有who,whoever,what,which；副詞when,where,how,why等。如:1.由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：

a.

Whether

the

country

should

build

a

nuclear

power

station

is

something

we

must

discuss.

b.

That

light

travels

in

straight

line

is

known

to

all.=Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsinstraight

line.注意：連詞that,whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作任何成分，不能省略，多用it作形式主語(yǔ)。2.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：

a.

What

we

need

is

more

time.

=Thethingthatweneedismoretime.

b.

Which

type

of

coal

they

are

going

to

burn

needs

to

be

decided.

c.

Whoever

is

here

gets

a

prize.注意：who是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)不能省略，what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“先行詞+that”3.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：

a.

When

the

plane

is

to

take

off

hasn’t

been

announced.

b.

Where

he

has

been

is

still

a

puzzle.

c.

How

much

water

is

flowing

can

be

measured

easily.

注意：(1)單個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)（包括兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；如果由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.主語(yǔ)從句放在句首往往顯得頭重腳輕，不太平衡，因此，在大多數(shù)情況下都是在主語(yǔ)的位置上用一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)

it，而把主語(yǔ)從句移到句未去。

it

作形式主語(yǔ)，把主語(yǔ)從句后置的常用句型有：1）It

+

be

+

形容詞

+

that從句

It

is

quite

clear

that

Tom

was

fond

of

music.

2）It

+

be

+

名詞

+

that從句

It

is

a

pity

that

she

has

made

such

a

foolish

mistake.

3）It

+

be

+

過(guò)去分詞

+

that從句

It’s

not

yet

decided

that

when

the

test

will

be

given.

4）It

seems,

happens

等不及物動(dòng)詞

+

that從句

It

happened

that

I

didn’t

take

any

money

with

me.

Itseemsthathedoesn’tlikethedish.注意：it作為形式主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是考試的重點(diǎn)，需要主要和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。要注意以下情況：1.當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“……東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。

What

he

needs

is

more

experience.2.表示“無(wú)論……”Whatever,

whoever,

whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：Whateverhehasdoneisright.Whicheverhelikeshasnothingtodowithme.whatever,

whoever,

whichever還可連接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/whichWhatever(=nomatterwhat)hehasdone,Icanforgivehim.但以下情況往往必須用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句一般不能放在句首。a.It

doesn’tmatter

whether

he

likes

or

not.

b.It’s

said

that

the

highway

will

be

open

to

traffic

next

year.

c.Is

it

likely

that

it

will

snow

in

the

afternoon?d.Itturnedoutthathewasright.e.Ithappenedthathetookthesametrain.主語(yǔ)從句不在句首，可以用if代替

whether,

但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.

a.It’s

not

clear

to

me

whether

(

if

)

she

likes

to

join

our

discussion.

b.Whether

she

likes

to

join

our

discussion

is

not

clear

to

me.(3)It作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的從句（如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，也可用who代替that），是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.注意：此點(diǎn)是?？键c(diǎn)，也是易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型的檢驗(yàn)符合去掉itbe和that如果剩下的部分稍加調(diào)整句序是正確的，如果不是這樣就是主語(yǔ)從句。【例題精講】1．Choosethebestanswer. A.What...why D.Why...that A.while B.that C.if D.for A.that C.what D.how C.That D.What wewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet. C.What 【鞏固練習(xí)】1．Choosethebestanswer. wewilldo.A.That...that B.What...what C.Whatever...that D.As...as A.Who A.Who apitythatIdidn'tseeyoulastweek.A.That's B.What's C.It's D.There's C./ wegoswimmingeverydayA.If...do B.That...do C.That...does D.If...does D.One ed. It'sknowntous B.that D.how A.this B.that C.he D.it electricityistrue.A.That...producing B.That...produceC.This...producing D.This...produces B.what C.that D.How A.that B.if C.what C.How A.If B.That C.What Itdoesn'tmatter A.who A.That A.What...is B.Whether...areC.That...is D.If...is A.That D.How A.That...whether.../ B.What...if...thatC.That...if...what D.What...whether.../知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：表語(yǔ)從句一、表語(yǔ)從句定義Keyconcept:表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。Eg.（1）Theproblemispuzzling.這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑。主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞作表語(yǔ)（2）Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪。主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+句子作表語(yǔ)（表語(yǔ)從句）［whenwecangetapayrise］二、表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，具體內(nèi)容如下所示：連詞連詞1.ThatEg.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.總結(jié)：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that通常不省略，但在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略：Eg.Myideais(that)weshoulddoitrightaway.Thetroubleis(that)heisill.2.WhetherEg.Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.總結(jié)：名詞性從句中whether&if的用法比較：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if/whether可以互換，但介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)；同位語(yǔ)從句也只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。3.because，as，asif/thoughEg.1)Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.2)Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.3)It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.連接代詞連接代詞1.What(ever)Eg.ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.總結(jié)：What與that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：What引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)；that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能省略2.Who(ever)/whom(ever)Eg.Theproblemiswho/whomwecangettoreplaceher.3.which(ever)Eg.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.

注意：whichroadweshouldtake在本句中作整個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)，由which引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中which作road的定語(yǔ)，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇which.連接連接副詞1.whereEg.Thisiswheretheyoncelived.注意：wheretheyoncelived在本句中作整個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)，由Where引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇Where。2.WhenEg.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.注意：whenhecanarriveatthehotel在本句中作整個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)，由when引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇when。3.WhyEg.Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.注意：whyhecriedyesterday在本句中作整個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)，由why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇why。總結(jié)：because，why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不一樣：Eg.That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.That'swhyhegotangrywithme.注意：That'sbecause…強(qiáng)調(diào)原因；That'swhy…強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果相似的結(jié)構(gòu)：相似的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1）“Thatiswhy...”與“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同義，只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，將其中的thereason去掉則與“Thatiswhy...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，例如：Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由。(2）“Thatisbecause...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤??！癟hatisbecause...”與“Thatiswhy...”之間的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由，“Thatiswhy...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影，那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。（第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果，第二句話說(shuō)明原因）Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影，因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。（第一句話說(shuō)明原因，第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果）重難點(diǎn)聚焦注意：what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示結(jié)果或名詞reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because.Eg.ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.4.HowEg.Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.注意：howwecangetthethingsweneed在本句中作整個(gè)句子的表語(yǔ)，由how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)成分，由此判斷從句連接詞選擇how?！纠}精講】 —Oh,that's . B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout D.whenIfeelexcited Heneverworkshard.Andthat's B.that D.why A./.,because B.why,because C./,that D.why,whether B.that D.isthat A.that,when B.that,what C.that,where D.what,where【鞏固練習(xí)】1.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句定義Keyconcept:在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。通?？梢苑譃榻樵~賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞連詞連詞1.ThatEg.Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).可跟可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。擴(kuò)展：that不能省略的情況當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)在直接引語(yǔ)中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)時(shí)2.Whether/ifEg.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車(chē).Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒(méi)有人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試.由由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的。意思是“是否”。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。連接代詞連接代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等,連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what,whatever除了指代疑問(wèn)外，也可以指陳述。1.What(ever)Eg.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.2.Who(ever)/whom(ever)Eg.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么？3.which(ever)Eg.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.1.whereEg.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買(mǎi)到。2.WhenEg.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。3.WhyEg.Hedidn’taskmewhyIturnedherdown.他沒(méi)有問(wèn)我拒絕他的原因。4.HowEg.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤(pán)嗎？這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 1）主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現(xiàn)從不限”2）主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主過(guò)從句過(guò)”3）主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理、客觀常識(shí)、名人格言時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg.Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn).4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去式，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法a)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Eg.Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書(shū)，可不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.他問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.b)從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前Eg.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴了Mary.c)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后Eg.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.記者問(wèn)政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.四、賓語(yǔ)從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移Eg.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)我的舞會(huì).Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的，對(duì)嗎？注意：以上兩句例句中都不能講否定放置于后面的動(dòng)詞上，而不能說(shuō)成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty和Idon’tbelievethatmanisnotkilledbyJim.具體歸納總結(jié)見(jiàn)下表。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。Eg.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe？我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來(lái)不仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講課，是不是？總結(jié)：如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式，常見(jiàn)的形容詞接在表思維行為的動(dòng)詞之后。擴(kuò)展：Eg.Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tsoundasifheknewwhathadhappened.聽(tīng)起來(lái)他好像不知道剛才所發(fā)生的事情。Itdoesn'tlooklikeit'sgoingtorain.看起來(lái)好像不會(huì)下雨。五、賓語(yǔ)從句高考重難點(diǎn)突擊：1.形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句Eg.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的.。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.Eg.Ihateitwhentheysaywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿(mǎn)嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話.有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Eg.Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有價(jià)值的.若賓語(yǔ)從句是若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh-類(lèi)，則不可用it代替 六、表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的異同：1.動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)i賓語(yǔ)是跟在及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面的句子成分，賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者，英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞須有賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。英語(yǔ)介詞后面也要有賓語(yǔ)。某些形容詞如(worth)值得、(able)能夠、(sure)肯定.(careful)小心。ii表語(yǔ)是跟在系動(dòng)詞后面的句子成分，系動(dòng)詞一般就是指be動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,feel,touch……）E.g.1.He(主語(yǔ)）is(系動(dòng)詞）astudent(表語(yǔ)）.2.He(主語(yǔ))plays(謂語(yǔ)，及物動(dòng)詞)basketball(賓語(yǔ))well(程度副詞)3.He(主語(yǔ))livesin(介詞）abighouse(賓語(yǔ))總結(jié)：賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)從句去充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子去充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)2.語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”這種形式。3.時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)，而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài)，即（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）。表語(yǔ)從句：具體語(yǔ)境具體分析，不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。賓語(yǔ)從句解題方法：賓語(yǔ)從句解題方法：判斷語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)序正常【例題精講】 Hiswordsdon'tagreewiththebossasksfor,sowedon'tknowwhattodo.A.what D.when A.what...that B.that...that C.what...what D.that...what A.that B.for D.what A.wouldsee C.willsee D.see —IblamedMaryyesterday.—Iwouldratheryou .A.didn'tdothat B.hadn'tdonethatC.wouldn'tdothat D.shouldn'thavedonethat【鞏固練習(xí)】A.that B.what D.whereA.wouldsolve...once B.workedout...that D.wouldsettle...but wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanA.What...whatB.What...that D.That...what B.what C.that D.which B.takeitasgranted D.grantit specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassix C.that D.which A.that B.it C.which D.this . A.who D.whatever ? B.thenearestbusstopislocated D.locatedisthenearestbusstop —No,butIwishI .A.did B.went C.had D.would . Idon'tdoubt B.if C.that D.what A.if B.what C.which A.that B.what A.why B.that C.what D.if A.however D.whatever .A.thematterwasB.thewrongwasC.wasthematter D.wasthewrong Wedon'tcare A.whether B.if D.that A.it B.that C.what D.which A.that B.as C.why Mr.WangistogiveusareportonA.that B.what D.which A.exceptwhat B.exceptthat C.exceptfor D.except .A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis ,butin . C.whatdoyouget...whatdoyougiveD.whatyouget...whatyougive waystation.A.where B.what C.that D.which D.whoever A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever Youcan'timagine B.howexcitedtheywere D.theywerehowexcited A.any...who C.whatever...whom D.every...who知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：同位語(yǔ)從句一、同位語(yǔ)從句的定義在復(fù)合句主句中名詞性成分之后與該名詞性成分并列，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明該名詞性成分的有關(guān)情況的名詞性從句，被稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常為answer,hope,fact,truth,belief,news,idea,promise,information,conclusion,order,suggestion,problem,question,thought,report,belief,decision,doubt,opinion,theory等抽象名詞。例如：Thenewsthathishealthisfailingmadeussad.他健康狀況不佳的消息使我們很難過(guò)。Ihavenoideawheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.我不知道他們?cè)谀睦锒燃?。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作的問(wèn)題需要考慮.Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomehereagain.他會(huì)再來(lái)這里，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。Hewastorturedbythedoubtwhetherhewouldaccepttheirpresents.他被是否接受他們的禮物這個(gè)疑慮所折磨著。二、同位語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞1.如果同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，則用that引導(dǎo)，而且that不能省略。如:1）Thethoughtthatwemightsuccessexcitedus.2）Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.2.如果同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加是否、什么、誰(shuí)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、什么方式等含義時(shí)，則用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：1）Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.我們是否需要更多時(shí)間來(lái)做這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問(wèn)題還未討論。2）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.3）Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.她提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們到哪里弄這筆資金。4）Ihavesomedoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否適合這份工作，我有點(diǎn)懷疑。（比較：There’snodoubtthatRobertwillkeephispromise.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，羅伯特會(huì)履行諾言的。）注意：主句為肯定句時(shí)，doubt后的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)，主句為否定句時(shí)，doubt之后的同位語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。3.有時(shí)可用namely（即），thatistosay,inotherwords,thatis,i.e.(=thatis),forexample等列出同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明其前面的名詞（或代詞）。如：1）Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.2）ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別1.先行詞不同：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞常常是抽象名詞，而且在定語(yǔ)從句中，when,where前分別有表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的先行詞，而同位語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有此對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。1）Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.（定語(yǔ)從句）2）WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.（同位語(yǔ)從句）3）Hedidn’ttellusthedatewhenhewouldcomeback.（定語(yǔ)從句）4）Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.（同位語(yǔ)從句）2.從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容，于先行詞是同位關(guān)系；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定先行詞的意義，與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系。1）Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）2）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）3.引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?）DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充當(dāng)任何成分）2）Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）3）Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.(that作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)4.when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，否則則為同位語(yǔ)從句。如：Thisistheplace(wheretheaccidenthappened).（定語(yǔ)從句）Theyputforwardthequestion(wheretheycouldgetthemoney).（同位語(yǔ)從句）【例題精講】 A.which B.why C.that A.which B.why C.that A.which B.that C.what versities.A.while B.that D.why when C.what D.that【鞏固練習(xí)】 A.that C.if D.as A.thatwhat B.whatthat C.that A.which B.that C.why D.while thereisair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings. C.where D.that B.if C.what D.Which各區(qū)一模1._________shewasatthetimeofthemurderwasofmajorconcerntothepolicethatareinvestigatingthecase.(徐匯區(qū)一模)2.Peoplemayforgetwhatyousaidorwhatyoudid,buttheywillneverforget_________youmadethemfeel.(徐匯區(qū)一模)3.Youdidn’tstudyforyourtest,soyourteacherhasapointabout_________youfailed!(寶山區(qū)一模)4.Nowadays,you’llnoticeaphenomenon_________alotofpeoplearewearingjeanstoconcerts.(寶山區(qū)一模)5.Mary’ssuccessliesinthefact_________sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模)6.Ahighdefinitiondigitalcameraonthiscellphonecanshowyouvividly_________isaroundthepersonyouaretalkingto.(長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模)7.Accordingtothesurvey,theresultisshocking_________thenumberofpeoplelivingalonehasrisen.(奉賢區(qū)一模)8.Onlineeducationforcescollegestofocusontherestofthelearningprocess,whichis__________therealvaluelies.(奉賢區(qū)一模)9.DirectorAngLeetoldtheNewYorkFilmFestivalaudiencefollowingthescreening_________LifeofPiwasextremelyhardtomake.(黃浦區(qū)一模)10.Ofcourse,thefact_________misguidedformsofdietingresultinsomanyproblemsdoesnotmeanthatnodietingissafe.(黃浦區(qū)一模)11.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,but_________hereachestheselimitsdependsonhisenvironment.(浦東新區(qū)一模)12.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_________itisheistryingtoexpress.(普陀區(qū)一模)13.Althoughhehasbecomewealthy,Mr.Woodremains_________heusedtobe,modestandfriendly.(普陀區(qū)一模)14._________thecity’spublicschoolsystemshouldbeopentothechildrenofmigrantworkershasbecomethefocusofdiscussion.(楊浦區(qū)一模)15.Canyoubehonestabout_________itwouldtaketodefendyourselfagainstagunattack?(青浦區(qū)一模)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.loweredB.administeringC.supportsD.scientificallyE.diagnosedF.originallyG.accessH.gapsI.expandingJ.rangingK.balloonCanFoodReplaceMedicine?IfFoodisindeedmedicine,thenit'stimetotreatitthatway.Inhisupcomingbook,EattoBeatDiseases,DrWilliamLi,aheartexpert,pullstogetheryearsofstoreddataandprocessesspecificdoses（劑量）offoodthatcantreatdiseases(31)fromamildcoldtocancer.Notalldoctorsagreethatthesciencesupports(32)foodlikedrugs,butheishopingtheideawillmotivatemoreresearcherstostudyfoodinwaysas(33)strictaspossibleandgeneratestrongerdataincomingyears."Wearefarawayfromprescribing（開(kāi)處方）dietstofightdiseases,"hesays."Andwemaynevergetthere.Butwearelookingtofillinthe(34)thathavelongexistedinthisfieldwithrealscience.Thisisthebeginningofabettertomorrow."Andtalkingaboutfoodintermsofdosesmightpushmoredoctorstofocusonpatients'grocerylistsinstead.Sofar,severalhundredpeoplewhorelyontheFreshFoodProgramhavehadtheirriskofseriousdiabetes（糖尿病）complications(35)by40%andhospitalizationscutby70%comparedwithotherdiabeticpeopleintheareawholack(36)totheprogram.Thisyear,onthebasisofitssuccesssofar,theFreshFoodProgramisdoublingthenumberofpatientsit(37).Shicowichknowsfirsthandhowimportantthatwillbeforpeoplelikehim.Whenhewasfirst(38),helostweightandcontrolledhisbloodsugar,buthefoundthosechangeshardtomaintainandsoonsawhisweight(39)andhisblood-sugarlevelsskyrocket.Hehasbecomeoneoftheprogram'sbetter-knownsuccessstories,andnowworksparttimeintheproducesectionofasupermarketandcooksnearlyallhismeals.He's(40)hiscookingskillstoincludefish,whichhehadnevertriedpreparingbefore."Iknowwhathealthyfoodlookslike,andIknowwhattodowithitnow,"hesays."Withoutthisprogramandwithoutthesupportsystem,Iwillprobablystillbesittingonacouchwithaboxofbiscuits."建議15min2.解題技巧：1.從句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，首先分清楚簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。2.連詞的選用依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”原則確定正確的連詞。如果句子中缺主語(yǔ)，指人用who，指物用what；如缺賓語(yǔ)，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when；地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where；原因狀語(yǔ)用why；方式狀語(yǔ)用how；定語(yǔ)用what或which；什么都不缺用