Unit-4-History-and-Traditions-B卷綜合能力提升練(解析版)

必修Book2Unit4HistoryandTraditionsB卷·綜合能力提升練(時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分：120分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2022·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高一期中）TheRiverNilestretchesmorethan4,000milesbetweenLakeVictoriaandtheMediterraneanSea.Outofallthatlength,therelativelyshortsectionbetweenAswanandLuxorinsouthernEgyptisthemostfascinating.ReadonforthemaintemplestovisitonthejourneydowntheNilebetweenAswanandLuxor.PhilaeTempleThisgorgeousGreco-EgyptiantempletothegoddessIsisiseasilyreachedbyboatfromAswan.ItwastornapartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCOprojecttosaveNubia’sancientmonumentsfromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.AbuSimbelAlthoughit’snotalongtheNilebetweenAswanandLuxor,thisstunningtempleisoftenvisitedasalongdaytripfromAswanbyairplaneorroad.Constructedaround1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasserbytheUNESCOproject.EdfuTempleOneofbest-preservedtemplesfromancienttimes,theEdfuTempleiswheretheancientsworshipedthegodofthesky.Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.TempleofKarnakThemassiveTempleofKarnakisbothamasterpieceofancientEgyptianarchitectureandoneofthelargesttempleseverconstructedanywhereontheplanet.Itbegstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineeringandartisticbeautyoftheGreatHypostyleHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduringasoundandlightshow.1．Whichtemplewillbeabetterchoiceifyouplantogoatnight?A．AbuSimbel. B．EdfuTemple. C．PhilaeTemple. D．TempleofKarnak.2．WhatdoPhilaeTempleandAbuSimbelhaveincommon?A．Theyareusuallyreachedbyboat. B．Theyarebothlocatedonanisland.C．Theywereonceunderthethreatoffloods. D．Theywereoncepulleddownandreconstructed.3．WhyisEdfuTemplewellpreserved?A．Becauseitwasdifficulttospotandreach.B．Becausetheancientsfearedthepowerofthegod.C．Becauseitprocessedthebeautifulscenery.D．BecauseitwasprotectedbytheUNESCOproject.【答案】1．D2．C3．A【解析】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。埃及南部阿斯旺和盧克索之間的尼羅河最迷人，文章介紹了這一段河流附近的四個(gè)主要神廟。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TempleofKarnak的第二句“Itbegstwovisits:oncebydaylighttoappreciatetheengineeringandartisticbeautyoftheGreatHypostyleHallandagainafterdarkwhentheruinscomealiveduringasoundandlightshow.(它請(qǐng)求兩次訪問：一次是在白天欣賞大柱式大廳的工程和藝術(shù)之美，另一次是在天黑之后，當(dāng)廢墟在聲光表演中活躍起來時(shí)。)”，如果游客打算晚上去神廟，TempleofKarnak會(huì)是更好的選擇。故選D項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)EdfuTemple的“Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，這座寺廟幾乎被附近沙漠的沙子所覆蓋，而且由于尼羅河每年的洪水而無法到達(dá)，這使得它能夠以如此原始的狀態(tài)保存下來。)”可知，尼羅河每年都會(huì)發(fā)洪水。根據(jù)PhilaeTemple的第二句“ItwastornapartandmovedtoitscurrentislandlocationaspartoftheUNESCOprojecttosaveNubia’sancientmonumentsfromtherisingwatersofLakeNasser.(作為聯(lián)合國教科文組織保護(hù)努比亞古遺跡免受納賽爾湖水位上升影響的項(xiàng)目的一部分，PhilaeTemple被拆了，并搬到了現(xiàn)在的島嶼位置)”；根據(jù)AbuSimbel的第二句“Constructedaround1260BC,thetemplewasalsorescuedfromLakeNasserbytheUNESCOproject.(該寺廟建于公元前1260年左右，聯(lián)合國教科文組織的項(xiàng)目也從納賽爾湖中拯救了它)”中的also可知，AbuSimbel也遭遇納賽爾湖水位上升的問題；因尼羅河每年都會(huì)發(fā)洪水，導(dǎo)致納賽爾湖水位上升，兩個(gè)神廟都曾遭遇過洪水的威脅。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EdfuTemple的第二句“Overthecenturies,thetemplewasnearlycoveredbysandfromthenearbydesertandinaccessibleduetotheannualfloodingoftheNile,enablingittobepreservedinsuchanoriginalstate.(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，這座寺廟幾乎被附近沙漠的沙子覆蓋，由于尼羅河每年的洪水泛濫而無法進(jìn)入，使其能夠以如此原始的狀態(tài)保存下來。)”可知，因?yàn)楸簧衬纳匙痈采w，人們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)神廟，而且每年的洪水也導(dǎo)致人們很難到達(dá)這里，從而EdfuTemple神廟保存的很好。故選A項(xiàng)。B（2022·新疆·沙灣縣第一中學(xué)高一期末）Underwaterexplorershavediscoveredanancientshipwreck(沉船)intheruinsofalong-lostsunkenEgyptiancityHeracleion,offthecoastofAlexandriainEgypt.Researchershaveprovedtheshiptobeover2,000yearsoldamongtheruins.AlthoughHeracleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking(下沉)rapidlyinthewater.Theremainsofthecity’shouses,temples,andmarketshavelaintenmetersdeepintheAbuQirBay,eastofpresent-dayAlexandria,Asaresult，underwaterexplorersregularlymakeexcitingdiscoveriesthere.Amongthem,statuesandstonetabletswithwordsmadeitpossibletofigureoutthecity’sname:Heracleion.Researchersexplainedthattheshipwas25meterslong.Thediscoveryoftheshipwreckwasfascinatingbecauseshipsfromthatperiodinhistorywereveryseldom.Theunderwaterresearchshowedthattheshipwasstruckbyseveralbigstonesfromthenearbytemple,makingtheshipatthebottomofthesea.Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secretary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal(運(yùn)河)whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,makingthetempledestroyedandtheshipsink.Whiletheshipwreckdiscoverywasexciting,underwaterexplorersdiscoveredtheremainsofaGreekcemetery(墓地)datingbacktothe4thcenturyBCduringtheunderwaterexploration.ResearchersexplainedthatthediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthecity.TheybuilttheirowntemplesnearthetempleofAmun,andtheremainsofbothhavebeenfoundtogetherandingoodconditioninthesunkencitysome7milesoffthecoastofEgypt.ItisworthnotingthatthecityofHeracleionhadbeenthelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,beforethecityofAlexandriawasfoundedin331BC．Severalearthquakesdestroyedit.4．WhydidthecityHeracleiondisappear?A．ItwasdestroyedbytheGreektraders.B．Itwashitandcoveredbyabigflood.C．Itwasunimportantandwasdeserted.D．Itwasruinedandsankintothesea.5．Whatcausedtheshiptosinkintothesea?A．Itsownlength. B．Aterribleearthquake.C．Carryingtoomanystones. D．Thebuildingofatemple.6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthediscoveryofaGreekcemetery?.A．TheGreekcemeterywasdestroyed.B．GreektradersbuiltthetempleofAmun.C．Heracleionwasprobablyatradecenter.D．GreekhasalongerhistorythanEgypt.7．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A．Environment.. B．History C．Sport. D．Education.【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過講述Heracleion廢墟中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世紀(jì)的希臘墓地遺跡的事跡來探索當(dāng)時(shí)一些不為人知的歷史真相。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AlthoughHeracleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking(下沉)rapidlyinthewater.”（盡管Heracleion曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心，但是它被大自然的力量摧毀了，在水中迅速下沉。）可知，Heracleion被摧毀了，并沉入海底。故選D項(xiàng)。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secretary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal(運(yùn)河)whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,makingthetempledestroyedandtheshipsink.”（高級(jí)考古委員會(huì)秘書長MustafaWaziri博士說，這艘船在阿蒙神廟旁邊的運(yùn)河里。一場(chǎng)地震襲擊了這座城市，神廟被毀，輪船沉沒。）可知，船是因?yàn)榈卣鸲鴮?dǎo)致沉沒的。故選B項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ResearchersexplainedthatthediscoveryshowstheGreektraderslivedinthecity.”（研究人員解釋說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明希臘商人住在這座城市。）可知這里有商人居??；文章“ItisworthnotingthatthecityofHeracleionhadbeenthelargestport-cityinEgyptacrosstheNileDelta,beforethecityofAlexandriawasfoundedin331BC．”（值得注意的是，在公元前331年亞歷山大城建立之前，Heracleion是埃及最大的港口城市，橫跨尼羅河三角洲。）Heracleion有商人居住，這是一個(gè)信息，它在亞歷山大城建立之前還是埃及最大的港口城市，港口城市一般交通便利，故推知Heracleion可能是一個(gè)貿(mào)易中心。故選C項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。通讀本文可知，文章講述的是水下探險(xiǎn)家在埃及亞歷山大海岸外失蹤已久的埃及城市Heracleion廢墟中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世紀(jì)的希臘墓地遺跡，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)背后都是承載著一定歷史真相的，故我們可能會(huì)在報(bào)紙的“History”（歷史）板塊中讀到這篇文章。故選B項(xiàng)。C（2022·青海西寧·高一期末）TheGizaPyramids(金字塔),builttolastforever,havedonejustthat.ThetombscoulddatebacktoEgypt’sOldKingdomandwereconstructedsome4,500yearsago.Egypt’spharaohs(法老)expectedtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Toprepareforthenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsandmassivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwithallthethingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideandsupporthimselfinthenextworld.TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateventodayscientistscan’tbesurehowthepyramidswerebuilt.Yettheyhavelearnedmuchaboutthepeoplewhobuiltthem.Thebuilderswereskilled,well-fedEgyptianworkerswholivedinanearbycity.Archaeological(考古的)digsontheattractivesitehaveshownahighlyorganizedcommunity,richwithresources.IfthePyramidshelpedtobuildancientEgypt,theyalsopreservedit.Gizaallowsustoexploreanancientworld.“Manypeoplethinkofthesiteasjustatombinthemodernsense,butit’salotmorethanthat,”saysPeterDerManuelianwiththeMuseumofFineArts,Boston.“InthesedecoratedtombsyouhavewonderfulscenesofeveryaspectoflifeinancientEgypt—soit’snotjustabouthowEgyptiansdiedbuthowtheylived.”Tombartdisplaysancientfarmersworkingontheirfieldsandfishing.WordsandtextsalsoallowresearchintoEgyptiangrammarandlanguage.“AlmostanysubjectyouwanttostudyaboutthecultureisavailableonthetombwallsatGiza,”DerManueliansays.Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadstheGizaProject,anenormouscollectionofGizaphotographs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenablesonlinevisitstothesite.8．WhydidEgypt’spharaohsbuildthepyramids?A．Tosatisfypersonalneeds.B．Topayrespectstogods.C．Toprotecttheculture.D．Tobenefitlocalpoorpeople.9．Whatremainsunclearaboutthepyramids?A．Whobuiltthem.B．Howtheywerebuilt.C．Wheretheywere.D．Whentheywerebuilt.10．WhatistheGizaProjectintendedfor?A．Raisingmoneyforthefarmers.B．Collectingdrawingsandphotosworldwide.C．Helpingpeopledevelopfishing.D．Providingonlineaccesstothepyramids.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．PyramidsatGiza.B．Modernpaintingart.C．Anancientking.D．AmuseuminEgypt.【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了偉大的Giza金字塔，介紹了其建造的時(shí)間、構(gòu)成、以及存在的意義等。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Egypt’spharaohs(法老)expectedtobecomegodsintheafterlife.Toprepareforthenextworldtheybuilttemplestothegodsandmassivepyramidtombsforthemselves,whichwerefilledwithallthethingseachrulerwouldneedtoguideandsupporthimselfinthenextworld.(埃及的法老期望在死后成為神。為了為下一個(gè)世界做準(zhǔn)備，他們?yōu)樽约航ㄔ炝松駨R和巨大的金字塔墳?zāi)?，里面裝滿了每個(gè)統(tǒng)治者在另一個(gè)世界里需要指導(dǎo)和養(yǎng)活自己的所有東西。)”可推斷，古埃及的法老之所以建造金字塔是為了自己死后所需，故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheancientwondersatGizaweresoimpressivethateventodayscientistscan’tbesurehowthepyramidswerebuilt.(Giza的古代奇觀令人印象深刻，即使是今天的科學(xué)家也不能確定金字塔是如何建造的。)”可知，科學(xué)家們至今不知道金字塔是如何建造的。故選B。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Tohelpmakethesepreciousresourcesaccessibletoall,DerManuelianheadstheGizaProject,anenormouscollectionofGizaphotographs,plans,drawings,objectrecords,anddiariesthatenablesonlinevisitstothesite.(為了幫助所有人都能獲得這些寶貴的資源，DerManuelian領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了“Giza計(jì)劃”，該計(jì)劃收集了大量的Giza照片、平面圖、圖紙、實(shí)物記錄和日記，使人們能夠在線訪問該網(wǎng)站。)”可知，該計(jì)劃是為了讓人們能夠從網(wǎng)上獲取Giza金字塔的相關(guān)信息。故選D。11．主旨大意題。文章第一段提出Giza金字塔的永恒；第二段介紹了Giza金字塔的建造非常復(fù)雜；第三段和第四段介紹了Giza金字塔讓我們了解了古埃及人們的生活、文化等；最后則介紹了Giza計(jì)劃。所以本文是圍繞Giza金字塔展開的。故選A。D（2022·遼寧丹東·高一期末）TheHongKongPalaceMuseum(HKPM),locatedintheWestKowloonCulturalDistrictoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,wasestablishedonJune22andisscheduledtoopentothepubliconJuly2.Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstdayofpublicsale,andallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalsoprovidesanewsiteforlocalresidentsandvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationandculture.Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesoffirst-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.Thiswillbethelargestandhighest-levelculturalheritageexhibitionsofthePalaceMuseumoutsideofthemainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.Prepareworkfortheexhibitionsbeganin2018,withthePalaceMuseumfieldingateamofleadingexpertsandscholars,associatedwiththemanageteamoftheHKPM.“ItisagreatthingtodisplaythepiecesofculturalrelicsinHongKong,whichreflectsthecentralgovernment’ssupporttothedevelopmentofHongKong’sculturalprojects,”saidNg,addingthattheexhibitsfromthePalaceMuseumwillpresentaculturalfeasttoHongKongresidentsbytellingthemaboutthemotherland’slonghistoryandsplendidculture.“PromotingtraditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,”saidBettyFung,chiefexecutiveofficerofWestKowloonCulturalDistrictAuthority.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthemotherland’scultureandhistoryafteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents’culturalconfidenceinthecountry,especiallyamongyouths.FungsaidthattheHKPMwillactivelyenhancecooperationwithinternationalmuseums,tellingtheworldthestoriesofChina,includingthestoriesofHongKong.12．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．HongKongcitizenscanvisitthemuseumfreely.B．HongKongPalaceMuseumiswarmlywelcomed.C．HongKongcitizenscanenjoytheexhibitioninJune.D．HongKongPalaceMuseumopenswithineighthoursperday.13．WhatcanavisitorenjoyinTheHongKongPalaceMuseum?A．900piecesoffirst-classculturalrelics.B．ThehistoryofHongKongsince1925.C．Thedevelopmentofinternationalcivilization.D．AllcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum.14．WhatisBettyFung’sattitudetowardsthemuseum?A．Favorable. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HKPM:HongKong’sCulturalAuthorityB．HKPM:CooperationwithInternationalMuseumsC．HKPM:ANewCulturalLandmarkofHongKongD．HKPM:ShowcaseofHongKong’sCulturalRelics【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．C【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了香港故宮博物院的成立，它是香港文化歷史上的一件大事，從此香港有了新的文化地標(biāo)。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Morethan40,000ticketsweresoldorreservedwithineighthoursonthefirstdayofpublicsale,andallfreevisitsonWednesdaysinJulywerefullybooked.”（公開發(fā)售首日八小時(shí)內(nèi)售出或預(yù)訂的門票超過4萬張，7月份每個(gè)星期三的所有免費(fèi)參觀門票都被預(yù)訂一空。）可知，香港故宮博物院受到了游客的熱烈歡迎。故選B項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum”（北京故宮博物院收藏的900多件珍品將在開幕展上展出。從繪畫到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中華文明史，涵蓋故宮博物院藏品的各個(gè)門類。）可知，參觀者在香港故宮博物院可以欣賞到各門類的故宮博物院藏品。故選D項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的““PromotingtraditionalChinesecultureisoneofourimportanttasks,”saidBettyFung.ShesaidtheHKPMwillactivelypushaheadwiththepublicityofthemotherland’scultureandhistoryafteritsopening,enhancingHongKongresidents’culturalconfidenceinthecountry,especiallyamongyouths.”（BettyFung說，“弘揚(yáng)中華傳統(tǒng)文化是我們的重要工作之一”。她表示，香港故宮博物院開門后將積極推動(dòng)對(duì)祖國文化和歷史的宣傳，增強(qiáng)香港居民特別是青年對(duì)國家的文化自信。）可知，BettyFung對(duì)博物館持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段的“TheHKPM,notonlyaddstoculturalatmosphereinthecity,butalsoprovidesanewsiteforlocalresidentsandvisitorstolearnaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationandculture.Morethan900piecesoftreasuresfromthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijingwillbeputondisplayattheopeningexhibitions.Frompaintingstoancientarchitectures,theexhibitsspanthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesecivilization,coveringallcategoriesofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseum,including166piecesoffirst-classculturalrelicsofthecountry.Thiswillbethelargestandhighest-levelculturalheritageexhibitionsofthePalaceMuseumoutsideofthemainlandsinceitsestablishmentin1925.”（香港故宮博物院，不僅增添了城市的文化氛圍，也為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈陀慰吞峁┝艘粋€(gè)了解中華文明和文化發(fā)展的新場(chǎng)所。北京故宮博物院收藏的900多件珍品將在開幕展上展出。從繪畫到古建筑，展品跨越5000年中華文明史，涵蓋故宮博物院藏品的各個(gè)門類，其中國家一級(jí)文物166件。這將是故宮博物院自1925年成立以來，在大陸以外規(guī)模最大、層次最高的文化遺產(chǎn)展覽。）可知，香港故宮博物院的成立是香港文化歷史上的一件大事，為促進(jìn)香港的文化發(fā)展起到了巨大的促進(jìn)作用，因此C項(xiàng)（香港故宮博物院：香港的新文化地標(biāo)）適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2022·北京東城·高一期末）WalkingUnderLiverpoolInmostways,theEnglishcityofLiverpoolisnodifferentfromotherlargecities.Itisfullofpeople,restaurants,museums,andshops.However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.____16____Formanyyears,thetunnels(地道)werenearlyforgotten.Therewasnoevidencethatthetunnelswerereal.In2001,asmallgroupofcuriouspeopleweredelightedtodiscoverthattheoldalesweretrue.Ahugenetworkoftunnelssnakedunderthecity.Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.AmannamedJosephWilliamsondesignedthem.____17____WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?Wecanonlyguess.____18____Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.AnotherguessisthatWilliamsonusedthetunnelsforsecretbusiness.StillothersthinkthatWilliamsonbuiltthetunnelsforsafetyreasons.Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.____19________20____Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.Maybehewrotedownhisreasonsandputthepaperssomewhereinthetunnels.Perhapsthosepaperswillonedaybefound.Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.A．Butthereisalotwestilldon’tknow.B．Theideasareinteresting,butnooneknowsthetruth.C．Underthebusystreets,therearemilesofoldtunnels.D．Somepeoplewhostudythetunnelshavegotnewfindings.E．OneideaisthatWilliamson,whowasrich,wastryingtohelpothers.F．Nordoesanyoneknowforsureevenhowmanyofthetunnelsthereare.G．Thetunnelswouldhaveofferedprotectionforhimselfandhislovedones.【答案】16．C17．A18．E19．G20．B【解析】本文是說明文。文章以走在利物浦為題，介紹了英國城市利物浦與眾不同的地方，在于它有許多地道及其相關(guān)知識(shí)。16．上文“However,Liverpoolstandsoutinoneinterestingway.(然而，利物浦以一種有趣的方式脫穎而出。)”可知文章開始引入主題，表明利物浦有與眾不同的地方；下文“Formanyyears,thetunnelswerenearlyforgotten.(多年來，這些地道幾乎被遺忘。)”可知，利物浦脫穎而出的原因在于這些地道。C項(xiàng)“在繁忙的街道下，有幾英里長的舊地道?！背猩蠁⑾?，指出這里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文詳細(xì)講解這些地道。故選C項(xiàng)。17．上文“Wenowknowthatthetunnelswerebuiltsometimeintheearly1800s.(我們現(xiàn)在知道的這些地道是在19世紀(jì)早期修建的。)”在說明我們目前所了解的地道信息；下文“WhydidWilliamsonwantthetunnels?Weretheyeverused?Ifso,forwhat?(威廉姆森為什么想要建地道?它們?cè)?jīng)被使用過嗎?如果被用過，做了什么呢？)”三個(gè)問句，說明依然還有有關(guān)地道不了解的信息。A項(xiàng)“但還有很多我們還不知道的信息?！迸c上文形成對(duì)照，與下文一致。故選A項(xiàng)。18．下文“Manypeoplewerejoblessatthattime,andWilliamsonwasknowntobekind.Perhapshecameupwiththetunnelprojectsothathecouldofferpeoplejobs.(那時(shí)候很多人都失業(yè)了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。也許他提出地道工程是為了給人們提供工作。)”說明威廉姆森建地道的其中一個(gè)原因可能是為了幫助別人。E項(xiàng)“其中一個(gè)想法是，富有的威廉姆森試圖幫助他人?！敝械膖ohelpothers(幫助他人)與下文一致。故選E項(xiàng)。19．上文“Perhapshewasafraidthatsometypeofdangerouseventwouldhappen.(也許他是害怕會(huì)發(fā)生什么危險(xiǎn)的事情。)”說明他建地道或許是出于安全考慮，以保護(hù)自己。G項(xiàng)“地道可以保護(hù)他和他所愛的人?！迸c上文一致。故選G項(xiàng)。20．下文“Williamsondidnottellmanypeoplewhyhebuiltthetunnels.(威廉姆森沒有告訴很多人他建造地道的原因。)”和“Fornow,themysteryoftheWilliamsonTunnelsremains.(目前，威廉姆斯家族關(guān)于地道的謎團(tuán)仍然存在。)”說明他建地道的原因依然都是猜測(cè)，真正的原因并沒有人知道。B項(xiàng)“這些想法很有趣，但沒有人知道真相?！眓ooneknowsthetruth(沒有人知道真實(shí)情況)與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選B項(xiàng)。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2022·福建·莆田第二十五中學(xué)高一期中）TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolargeislands.OneiscalledIrelandand____21____Britain.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargeroneofthesetwoislands,anditis____22____intothreeparts:Scotland,WalesandEngland.TheUnitedKingdomisthatpartoftheBritishIsles____23____bytheQueen.ItismadeupofScotland,WalesandEngland,thatis,the____24____ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,thenorthernpart.The____25____ofIrelandisself-governing.The____26____nameoftheUnitedKingdomistherefore“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”.Englandis____27____andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland，andhasthemost____28____oftheUnitedKingdom,sopeopleoftenusethewords“England”and“English”whenthey____29____“Britain”and“British”.ThissometimesmakestheScotsandtheWelshalittle____30____.TheScotsinparticularareveryproudoftheirseparatenationality.TheWelshtoodonot____31____themselvesastheEnglish,andhaveacultureand____32____alanguageoftheirown.IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdomin1801,butforfortyyearsthe“IrishQuestion”wasthegreatestheadacheoftheUnitedKingdom.____33____,Irelandwasdividedintotwo:NorthernIrelandstill____34____totheUnitedKingdom,andin1922therestofIreland____35____tofoundanIrishFreeState，latercalledEireandnowtheRepublicofIreland.TheRepublicofIrelanddoesnotregarditselfaspartofBritain,andisnotnowevenasupporteroftheCommonwealthofNations.UnlikethemajorCommonwealthcountries,itdidnotliftafingertohelpBritishintheSecondWorldWarandnowwantsthewholeofIrelandtobearepublic.21．A．theone B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．other22．A．divided B．cut C．broken D．separated23．A．watchedout B．takenup C．defendedagainst D．ruledover24．A．half B．part C．most D．whole25．A．smaller B．bigger C．rest D．island26．A．correct B．true C．full D．last27．A．meaner B．wider C．poorer D．larger28．A．colleges B．officials C．cities D．population29．A．say B．cover C．show D．write30．A．a(chǎn)ngry B．cautious C．enjoyable D．lonely31．A．respect B．rank C．elect D．regard32．A．ever B．even C．seldom D．never33．A．Finally B．However C．Meanwhile D．Instead34．A．returns B．belongs C．refers D．a(chǎn)dds35．A．turnedaway B．runaway C．brokeaway D．keptaway【答案】21．B22．A23．D24．D25．C26．C27．D28．D29．A30．A31．D32．B33．A34．B35．C【解析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了英國的地理概況、組成部分及歷史淵源等。21．考查不定代詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)叫愛爾蘭，另一個(gè)叫不列顛。A.theone

這個(gè)；B.

theother另一個(gè)，兩個(gè)中特指另一個(gè)；其他的，加名詞復(fù)數(shù)；C.another另一個(gè)；D.other其他的，加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由上文中的“twolargeislands.OneiscalledIreland”可知，此處為兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，故選B。22．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大不列顛是這兩個(gè)島嶼中較大的一個(gè)，它被分為三個(gè)部分：蘇格蘭、威爾士和英格蘭。A.divided分開；B.cut切割；C.broken破舊的；D.separated分離的。bedividedinto意為“被分成……”；cutinto意為“打斷，侵犯”；breakinto意為“破門而入”；separate常和from搭配，意為“分離，分開”。根據(jù)“TheBritishIslesconsistoftwolargeislands.”可知，這是指地理劃分。故選A。23．考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：聯(lián)合王國是不列顛群島的一部分，由女王統(tǒng)治。A.watchedout小心提防；B.takenup拿起，從事；C.defendedagainst防衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)；D.ruledover統(tǒng)治，支配。根據(jù)“TheUnitedKingdom”就是“theBritishIsles”中被女王統(tǒng)治的那一部分。故選D。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它由蘇格蘭、威爾士和英格蘭，也就是整個(gè)不列顛，以及北部的愛爾蘭的六分之一組成。A.half半；B.part部分；C.most大部分；D.whole全部。由第一段最后一句可知，Britain是由Scotland，Wales和England三部分組成，所以說以上三部分就是整個(gè)的Britain。故選D。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：愛爾蘭其余地區(qū)實(shí)行自治。A.smaller更小的；B.bigger更大的；C.rest其余的；D.island島的。根據(jù)“thatis,the4ofBritain,andalsoaboutonesixthofIreland,thenorthernpart.”愛爾蘭分為兩部分，北部為英國統(tǒng)治，其他部分自治。故選C。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，聯(lián)合王國的全稱是“大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國”。A.correct正確的；B.true真的；C.full完全的，全部的；D.last最后的。根據(jù)“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”可知，此處指英國的全稱。fullname“全名”。故選C。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：英格蘭比蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭更大、更富有，是聯(lián)合王國人口最多的國家，所以人們?cè)谡f“不列顛”和“英國人”時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用“England”和“English”這兩個(gè)詞。A.meaner更吝嗇；B.wider更寬的；C.poorer更窮的；D.larger更大的。根據(jù)“andricherthanScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland”可知，England比其他的地方更大(larger),更富有。故選D。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：英格蘭比蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭更大、更富有，是聯(lián)合王國人口最多的國家，所以人們?cè)谡f“不列顛”和“英國人”時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用“England”和“English”這兩個(gè)詞。A.colleges大學(xué)；B.officials官員；C.cities城市；D.population人口。只有人口最多，再加上面積最大和人民最富有，才能使人們提起B(yǎng)ritain和British這兩個(gè)詞時(shí)常用England和English來代替。故選D。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：英格蘭比蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭更大、更富有，是聯(lián)合王國人口最多的國家，所以人們?cè)谡f“不列顛”和“英國人”時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用“England”和“English”這兩個(gè)詞。A.say說；B.cover覆蓋；C.show顯示；D.write寫。表示當(dāng)人們說Britain和British時(shí)，常常用England和English這兩個(gè)單詞。故選A。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。這有時(shí)會(huì)讓蘇格蘭人和威爾士人有點(diǎn)生氣。A.angry生氣的；B.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；C.enjoyable快樂的；D.lonely寂寞的。根據(jù)“ThissometimesmakestheScotsandtheWelshalittle”可知，因?yàn)閃ales和Scotland都屬于Britain，所以這樣做自然讓威爾土人和蘇格蘭人都有點(diǎn)生氣（angry）。故選A。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：威爾士人也不認(rèn)為自己是英格蘭人，他們有自己的文化，甚至有自己的語言。A.respect尊重；B.rank排列；C.elect選舉，選擇；D.regard注重，考慮。根據(jù)“TheWelshtoodonot”此處表示威爾士人也不把自己看作（regard）英國人。故選D。32．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：威爾士人也不認(rèn)為自己是英格蘭人，他們有自己的文化，甚至有自己的語言。A.ever曾經(jīng)；B.even甚至；C.seldom很少，難得；D.never從來沒有。根據(jù)“TheWelshtoodonot11themselvesastheEnglish,andhaveacultureand”威爾士人有自己的文化，甚至有自己的語言。故選B。33．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，愛爾蘭被一分為二：北愛爾蘭仍然屬于聯(lián)合王國，1922年，愛爾蘭的其他地方分離出來，建立了愛爾蘭自由州，后來被稱為愛爾蘭，現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國。A.Finally最后；B.However然而；C.Meanwhile與此同時(shí)；D.Instead代替。根據(jù)“IrelandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdomin1801,butforfortyyearsthe‘IrishQuestion’wasthegreatestheadacheoftheUnitedKingdom.”可知，愛爾蘭最終被分為兩部分。finally意為“最后”。故選A。34．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，愛爾蘭被一分為二：北愛爾蘭仍然屬于聯(lián)合王國，1922年，愛爾蘭的其他地方分離出來，建立了愛爾蘭自由州，后來被稱為愛爾蘭，現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國。A.returns返回；B.belongs屬于；C.refers參考；D.adds增加。根據(jù)“andin1922therestofIreland15tofoundanIrishFreeState，”可知，NorthernIreland仍舊屬于theUnitedKingdom。belongto意為“屬于”，故選B。35．考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：最后，愛爾蘭被一分為二：北愛爾蘭仍然屬于聯(lián)合王國，1922年，愛爾蘭的其他地方分離出來，建立了愛爾蘭自由州，后來被稱為愛爾蘭，現(xiàn)在的愛爾蘭共和國。A.turnedaway避開，解雇；B.runaway逃跑；C.brokeaway脫離，放棄；D.keptaway遠(yuǎn)離，回避。根據(jù)“andin1922therestofIreland15tofoundanIrishFreeState，”1922年愛爾蘭剩余的部分脫離了出來。詞組breakaway表示“脫離”。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)（2022·福建福州·高一期末）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HaveyoueverbeentoNewYorkCity?Therearemanyexcitingthingstosee.OnesightisthefamousBrooklynBridge.It____36____(build)morethan100yearsago.AnotheristheEmpireStateBuilding.Itisoneofthe____37____(tall)buildingsintheworld.Youcantakealiftridetothetopofthebuilding.Fromthere,youcanseeformiles.Oneofthebestthings____38____(see)inNewYorkistheStatueofLiberty.ItstandsonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor.ThebestwaytoseethestatueistogotoBatteryPark,____39____whereyoucantakeaboattoLibertyIsland.TheStatueofLibertyis151feetin____40____(high).ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFrancein1884.Thestatueisawoman____41____(hold)atorch,andshestandsforfreedom.Since1886,millionsofpeople____42____(visit)theStatueofLiberty.Formanypeople____43____cameherebyshipfromothercountries,theStatueofLiberty____44____(be)thefirstthingtheysaw.Itis_____45_____importantsymbolofAmerica.【答案】36．wasbuilt37．tallest38．tosee39．from40．height41．holding42．havevisited43．who/that44．was45．a(chǎn)n【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紐約的幾個(gè)著名景點(diǎn)——布魯克林大橋、帝國大廈和自由女神像。36．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它建于100多年前。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語morethan100yearsago可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。主語it和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasbuilt。37．考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：另一個(gè)是帝國大廈，它是世界上最高的建筑之一。結(jié)合“intheworld”可知句子符合“oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tallest。38．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：紐約最值得一看的景點(diǎn)之一是自由女神像，它矗立在紐約港的自由島上。形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞，后跟不定式作后置定語。故填tosee。39．考查介詞。句意：參觀這座雕像最好的方式是去炮臺(tái)公園