山大考博英語(yǔ)2014-2010

2014山大考博英語(yǔ)2014-04-07語(yǔ)法詞匯題比較難，30個(gè)單選題，一個(gè)0.5分，基本上是考查詞意的完型題20個(gè)，一個(gè)0.5分，01年考研真題閱讀理解4篇，每個(gè)題1.5分，30分，都是六級(jí)和考研原題（最近兩年閱讀沒(méi)出專八題）7選5，共10分，關(guān)于奧巴馬的英譯漢五個(gè)，一個(gè)3分，長(zhǎng)句子翻譯比較難，費(fèi)得時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)作文20分，關(guān)于childrensurfingthenet2013山大考博英語(yǔ)PartIGrammarandVocabulary1.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat__________thespeakersstoppedfordeferments.A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom2.Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravelers’checks,whichprovideasecure__________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.inferenceD.alternative3.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassuchacharacter.A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular4.Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis__________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction5.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered__________ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.A.IndistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently6.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th__________thebirthofJesusChrist.A.inaccordancewithB.intermsofC.infavorofD.inhonorof7.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust__________thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear8.Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed__________andmeansofpacking.A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications9.Manyoftheconditionsthat__________populationpressures---overcrowding,unemployment,poverty,hungerandillness---leadtodissatisfaction.A.bringforwardB.giverisetoC.feedupwithD.resultfrom10.Arrivinganywherewiththesepossessions,hemightjustaseasily__________foramonthorayearasforasingleday.A.putupB.stayupC.speedupD.makeup11.Thefactthattheearth’ssurfaceheats__________providesaconvenientwaytodivideitintotemperatureregion.A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.uneverny12.Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird__________asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates13.Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe__________totouristspending?A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached14.Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand__________forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination15.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto__________wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.A.pickupB.bumpintoC.pileupD.bringback16.Scientistsaresearchingfortheoldesttree__________becauseitcanteachthemagreatdealaboutmanyissuesrelatedwithclimatechange.A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live17.ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity__________shockandangerthroughouttheworld.A.temptedB.provokedC.summonedD.enveloped18.A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat__________girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting19.TheUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe__________untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended20.Despitealmostuniversal__________ofthevitalimportanceofwomen’sliteracy,educationremainsadreamformanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.complimentD)makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends52.Bysayingthat―intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext‖(Lines4-5,Pare.1)theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas________.A)ignorestheactualsituationB)isnotbasedontherightperspectiveC)onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearningD)givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents53.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat________.A)anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycollegesB)studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearnC)skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanendD)studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials54.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause________.A)mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfacultiesB)theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearchC)therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhardD)theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor________.A)puttingacademicworkinthepropercontextB)acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteachingC)thepracticeofputtingleaningtoproductiveendsD)dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

答案51.C52.B53.A54.D55.BPassage2EndangeredSpeciesEndangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation(捕食).Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment(侵犯)onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats(棲息地).Drainageofwetlands(沼澤地),cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislands‖losecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies.approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement(實(shí)施)andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.56Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?AHumanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.BSomeendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.CThedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.DTheworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.57Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thewordislandsreferstoAthelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater.Bthewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylawCthepiecesoflandseparatedbymodernbuildingsandroads.Dthesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies.58ThispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexceptAnaturalselectionofspecies.Bvariousnaturaldisasters.Ccommercialtradeandkilling.Ddestructionofnaturalsurroundings.59Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?AGovernmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.BPeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.CRelevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.DSomeorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.60Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?AWorried.BOptimistic.CIndifferent.DConfident.Passage3Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(粘膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中風(fēng)).Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.61.AllboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthatA)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogetherB)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobeC)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikelyD)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace62.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailwaybringscomforttopeopleC)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell.63.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut.A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealthB)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople'snervesC)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople'slungsD)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie64.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.A)theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroupB)theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroupC)theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailwayD)theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers65.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)Exaggerated

答案61.C62.D63.D64.A65.CPassagePassage4TheMythofCollegeManyofyouyoungpersonsoutthereareseriouslythinkingaboutgoingtocollege.(Thatis,ofcourse,alie.Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.Trustme:thesearecloselyrelatedtocollege).Collegeisbasicallyabunchofroomswhereyousitforroughlytwothousandhoursandtrytomemorizethings.Thetwothousandhoursarespreadoutoverfouryears;youspendtherestofthetimesleepingandtryingtogetdates.Basically,youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege:Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).Theseincludehowtomakecollecttelephonecallsandgetbeerandcrepe-paperstainsoutofyourpajamas.Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).Thesearethethingsyoulearninclasseswhosenamesendin-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics,andsoon.Theideaisyoumemorizethesethings,thenwritethemdowninlittleexambooks,thenforgetthem.Ifyoufailtoforgetthem,youbecomeaprofessorandhavetostayincollegefortherestofyourlife.It'sverydifficulttoforgeteverything.Forexample,whenIwasincollege,Ihadtomemorize-don'taskmewhy-thenamesofthemetaphysicalpoetsotherthanJohnDonne.Ihavemanagedtoforgetoneofthem,butIstillrememberthattheothertwowerenamedVaughanandCrashaw.Sometimes,whenI'mtryingtoremembersomethingimportant,likewhethermywifetoldmetogettunapackedinoilortunapackedinwater,VaughanandCrashawjustpopupinmymind,rightthereinthesupermarket.It'saterriblewasteofbraincells.Afteryou'vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you'resupposedtochooseamajor,whichisthesubjectyouintendtomemorizeandforgetthemostthingsabout.Hereisaveryimportantpieceofadvice:besuretochooseamajorthatdoesnotinvolveKnownFactsandRightAnswers.Thismeansthatyoumustnotmajorinmathematics,physics,biologyorchemistry,becausethesesubjectsinvolveactualfacts.If,forexample,youmajorinmathematics,you'regoingtowanderintoclassonedayandtheprofessorwillsay:"Definethecosineintegerofthequadrantoftherhomboidbinaryaxis,andextrapolateyourresulttofivesignificantvertices."Ifyoudon'tcomeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry:ifyouwriteinyourexambookthatcarbonandhydrogencombinetoformoak,yourprofessorwillflunkyou.Hewantsyoutocomeupwiththesameanswerheandalltheotherchemistshaveagreedon.Scientistsareextremelysnottyaboutthis.68.Whenshouldthecollegestudentschooseamajor?A.ThemomenttheygotocollegeB.AftertheyhavebeenincollegefornearlytwoyearsC.AftertheyhavebeenincollegeforayearorsoD.Whentheybecomeasenior69.Theword―flunk‖inthelastparagraphmeansA.floatB.failC.ridiculeD.dupe70.Whatisthebeattitleforthepassage?A.TheMythofCollegeB.WhatCanYouLearninCollege?C.HowtoEnjoyYourCollegeLifeD.TheImportanceofCollegePartⅣUseofLanguageThepsychologyofwarranties保單心理學(xué)Protectionracket保護(hù)之詐Ifextendedguaranteesareoverpriced,whyaretheysopopular?CUSTOMERStendtoagoniseovertherelativemeritsofdifferentmodelsofelectronicgoodssuchasdigitalcamerasorplasmatelevisions.Butwhentheygettothetill,manyspendfreelyonsomethingtheybarelythinkaboutatall:anextendedwarranty,whichisoftenmoreprofitabletotheretailerthanthedeviceitcovers.Shopperstypicallypay10-50%ofthecostofaproducttoinsureitbeyondthetermcoveredbythemanufacturer’sguarantee.71.Yetproductsrarelybreakwithintheperiodcovered,andrepairstendtocostnomorethanthewarrantyitself.72l.Sowhy,asksapaperpublishedintheDecemberissueoftheJournalofConsumerResearch,dosomanyconsumersstillbuyextendedwarranties?Theauthors—TaoChenoftheUniversityofMaryland,AjayKalraofRiceUniversityandBaohongSunofCarnegieMellonUniversity—examinedpurchasedatafromabigelectronicsretailerforover600householdsfromNovember2003toOctober2004.73.Ifacustomerisabouttobuysomethingfun(ie,aplasmatelevisionratherthanavacuumcleaner),hewillbemoreinclinedtosplashoutonextrainsurance.Thisisbecauseconsumersvalue―hedonic‖itemsoverutilitarianones,regardlessoftheactualpricetag.74.Thestudyalsofoundthatpoorerconsumersaremorelikelytobuy―potentiallyunnecessaryandoverpricedinsurance‖,becausetheyaremoreworriedabouttheexpenseofreplacingaproductifitbreaks.75.Butalthoughmostpoliciesgounused,headmitsthattheemotionaltranquillitythatcomeswithbuyinganewwarrantyisnotinitselfwithoutvalue,evenif―rationally,itdoesn’tmakesense‖.A.Thisisespecially