2022長沙市岳麓區(qū)高考英語完形填空和閱讀理解一輪練習(xí)(10)及答案

閱讀理解。ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.ThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvardUniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,Africanforestelephant,andAfricansavannaelephant.OncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石),mammothsandmastodons,theteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespecies,butthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespecies,despitetheelephants'significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorintheDepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityof本文敘述了一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)發(fā)覺：通過對(duì)非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鑒定，科學(xué)家們得出結(jié)論：它們是兩種不同的物種。我們要疼惜這些珍稀動(dòng)物。1．Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof________A．theAsianelephant B．theforestelephantC．thesavannaelephant D．themastodonelephant答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第3段第一句話“...twofossils，mammothsandmastodons...”可知D項(xiàng)正確。2．Theunderlinedword“divergence”inParagraph4means“________”．A．evolution B．exhibitionC．separation D．examination答案：C。詞義猜想題。科學(xué)家門始終在證明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是兩種不同的物種，他們之間的分歧使科學(xué)家們大為驚異。3．Theresearchers'conclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant's________.A．DNA B．heightC．weight D．population答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)其次段最終一句話“HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA”可知。4．WhatareAlfredRoca'swordsmainlyabout?A．TheconservationofAfricanelephants.B．ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephants.C．ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounits.D．ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants.答案：A。推理推斷題。由文章最終一段“...forconservationpurposes”可知A項(xiàng)正確。5．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Naturalists'BeliefsaboutElephantsB．AmazingExperimentsaboutElephantsC．AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD．ALongScientificDebateaboutElephants答案：C。主旨大意題。全文敘述了關(guān)于非洲大象的一項(xiàng)意外的發(fā)覺?！鹃喿x理解】故事類OneofmywonderfulmemoriesisaboutaChristmasgift.Unlikeothergifts,itcamewithoutwrap(包裝)．OnSeptember11th,1958,MumgavebirthtoRichard.Aftershebroughthimhomefromhospital,sheputhiminmylap,saying,“Ipromisedyouagift,andhereitis.”Whatanhonor!Iturnedfouramonthearlierandnoneofmyfriendshadsuchababydolloftheirown.Iplayedwithitdayandnight.Isangtoit.Itolditstories.ItolditoverandoverhowmuchIlovedit!Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafever.Forseveraldays,IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”，whichsoundedominous.Christmaswascoming.“Don'texpectanypresentsthisyear，”Dadsaid,pointingatthesocksIhunginthelivingroom.“Ifyourbabybrotherlives,that'llbeChristmasenough.”Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I'dneverseenhimcrybefore.ThephonerangearlyonChristmasmorning.Dadjumpedoutofbedtoanswerit.FrommybedroomIheardhimsay,“What?He'sallright？”Hehungupandshoutedupstairs.“ThehospitalsaidwecanbringRichardhome！”“ThankGod！”IheardMumcry.Fromtheupstairswindow,Iwatchedmyparentsrushouttothecar.Ihadneverseenthemsohappy.AndIwasalsofullofjoy.Whatawonderfulday!Mybabydollwouldbehome.Irandownstairs.Mysocksstillhungthereflat.ButIknewtheywerenotempty;theywerefilledwithlove!1WhathappenedtotheauthoronSeptember11th,1958?A.Hegotababybrother.B.HegotaChristmasgift.C.Hebecamefouryearsold.D.Hereceivedadoll.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Impossible.B.Boring.C.Difficult.D.Fearful.3.WhichwordcanbestdescribethefeelingofthefatherwhenChristmaswascoming?A.Excitement.B.Happiness.C.Sadness.D.Disappointment.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AsadChristmasday.B.Lifewithalovelybaby.C.AspecialChristmasgift.D.Memoriesofahappyfamily.【要點(diǎn)綜述】“我”四歲時(shí)母親給了“我”一件特殊的圣誕禮物：人娃娃——我可愛的弟弟Richard。但后來Richard發(fā)高燒差點(diǎn)夭折，經(jīng)醫(yī)院搶救得生，這使我更加珍愛我的“人娃娃”。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。雖然表面上是有了一個(gè)娃娃，但事實(shí)上是有了親弟弟。2.D詞義猜想題。從該句前半部分中的“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”可知該詞意思是“令人可怕的”。雖然其他三個(gè)詞均表示消極含義，但只有fearful表示“我”可怕“弟弟”離“我”而去。3.C推理推斷題。從第四段最終兩句Ashespoke,hiseyesfilledwithtears.I’dneverseenhimcrybefore.可知父親感到格外難過。4.C主旨大意題。第一段一開頭便定義我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣誕禮物。雖然弟弟Richard差點(diǎn)離我們而去，但后來還是得以平安回家，因此圣誕節(jié)并不凄慘。B和D選項(xiàng)外延過大，此段材料只是截取生活中的一個(gè)片段，并非整個(gè)和Richard一起生活的全部。閱讀理解。ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile(汽車).ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,butonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFord's.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.Inthe1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid:"Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodemengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone."TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.()1.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.Heinventedtheproductionline.【答案】：A【解析】：細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.可選A。()2.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.【答案】：B【解析】：細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第3段TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.可得出B。()3.“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto.A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedpricesB.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeopleC.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctorD.thesalestargetfortheFordCompany【答案】：C【解析】：猜想詞義，有上文Inthe1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.可知。()4.WhatwasHenryFord'sdreamaccordingtothetext?A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorecompanies.【答案】：A 【解析】：細(xì)節(jié)題，由Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople可選A。完形填空。閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出最佳答案。Itwasthenightbeforethecompositionwasdue.AsIlookedatthelistoftopics(題目),“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti(意大利面條)”caughtmyeye.Theword“spaghetti”broughtbackthe1ofaneveningatUncleAlien’sinBelleville2allofuswereseatedaroundthetableandAuntPat3spaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasanexotic(外來的)treatin4days.NeverhadIeatenspaghetti,and5ofthegrown-upshadenoughexperiencetobe6it.Whatlaughing7wehadaboutthe8respectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.9,Iwantedtowriteaboutthat,butIwantedto10itdownsimplyformyown11,notforMr.Fleagle,mycompositionteacher.12,Iwouldwritesomethingelse.WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasno13lefttowriteapropercompositionforMr.Fleagle.Therewasnochoicenextmorningbutto14mywork.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthe15papers.Hesaid,”Now,class,Iwanttoreadyouacomposition,“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.”Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsout16tothewholeclass.17laughed,thenthewholeclasswaslaughingwithopen-heartedenjoyment.Ididmybestnottoshow18,butwhatIwasfeelingwaspurehappiness,19mywordshadthepowertomakepeople20.()1.A.memoryB.thoughtC.knowledgeD.experience答案:A()2.A.whenB.whereC.sinceD.after答案:A()3.A.cookedB.servedC.gotD.made答案:B()4.A.theirB.pastC.lastD.those答案:D()5.A.noneB.oneC.someD.neither答案:A()6.A.carefulaboutB.goodatC.fondofD.interestedin答案:B()7.A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments答案:D()8.A.nearlyB.naturallyC.officiallyD.socially答案:D()9.A.EspeciallyB.ProbablyC.SuddenlyD.Fortunately答案:C()10.A.settleB.putC.takeD.let答案:B()11.A.workB.storyC.luckD.joy答案:D()12.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.AsforhimD.Exceptforthat答案:C()13.A.timeB.excuseC.wayD.idea答案:A()14.A.giveupB.continueC.handinD.delay答案:C()15.A.writtenB.gradedC.collectedD.calmly答案:B()16.A.loudB.fastC.publiclyD.calmly答案:A()17.A.PeopleB.NobodyC.SomebodyD.I答案:C()18.A.shockB.wonderC.worryD.pleasure答案:D()19.A.ifB.forC.whileD.although答案:B()20.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.thinkD.laugh答案:D1.提示:此處是指作者想起了從前的一件事，memory在此處的意思是“回憶、留在記憶中的人或事”。題干中的bringback的意思為“使……回憶起”