【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2021高考英語(yǔ)(湖南專(zhuān)用)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí)定時(shí)訓(xùn)練-15

定時(shí)訓(xùn)練(15)專(zhuān)題特訓(xùn)(閱讀理解)eq\x(Passage1)(2022·浙江五校聯(lián)盟模擬)SpaceinvadersAnormalconversationbetweenstrangersinvolvesmorethantalk.Italsoinvolvesthedynamicsofspaceinteraction.Ifonepersongetstooclose，theotherpersonwillbackup.Ifthefirstpersoninvadestheother'sspaceagain，theotherpersonwillbackupagain.Thepersonwhofindshimselfbackingupistryingtoincreasethedistanceofthecomfortzone.Thepersonclosinginistryingtodecreasethatdistance.Mostlikelyneitherpersonisfullyawareofwhatisgoingon.Inthe1960s，AmericananthropologistEdwardT．Hallwasapioneerinthestudyofhumanbehavioraluseofspace.Hisfieldofstudybecameknownasproxemics(空間關(guān)系學(xué))．HallsaidthatpersonalspaceforpeopleintheUnitedStatescanbedefinedashavingfourdistinctzones：theintimatezonewithin18inchesofyourbody，forwhisperingandembracing；thepersonalzoneof18inchestofourfeet，fortalkingwithclosefriends；thesocialzoneoffourto10feet，forconversingwithacquaintance；andthepubliczoneof10to25feet，forinteractionwithstrangersortalkingtoagroup.HistorianssaythatourstandardsofpersonalspacebeganwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thcentury.IncitiessuchasLondonandNewYork，peopleofdifferentsocialandeconomicclassesweresuddenlycrammedtogether，sotheyunconsciouslydevelopedacommonlyunderstoodcodeofpolitenesstorestrictthespacearoundthem.Peopleexhibitnonverbalmessagesofdiscomfortwhentheirzonesareviolated.Invadedpeoplemighttaptheirtoes，pullattheirhair，andtheymightbecomecompletelyrigid，orevenbecomeangry.AsHallnotedinhislandmarkwork，acomfortableconversationneedstoincludetheparameters(規(guī)范)ofhumanpersonalspace.1．Thispassageismostlyabout________．A．whatnonverbalcommunicationB．humanconversationC．thelifeofEdwardT．HallD．humanbehavioraluseofspace解析主旨大意題。本篇文章每段基本都消滅比較關(guān)鍵的space這個(gè)單詞，而且從閱讀中可以發(fā)覺(jué)指的是人與人溝通時(shí)的空間位置感。因此選擇D項(xiàng)。答案D2．EdwardT．Halldefined________．A．interactionsbetweenstrangersB．a(chǎn)ngrypeopleC．fourzonesofpersonalspaceD．theIndustrialRevolution解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章其次段第三句可知答案。答案C3．Ifyouandaclosefriendbegantalkingwhenyouwereeightfeetapart，youwouldprobablysoon________．A．moveclosertogetherB．movefartherapartC．begintalkingmoresoftlyD．a(chǎn)skanotherfriendtojoinintheconversation解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“thepersonalzoneof18inchestofourfeet，fortalkingwithclosefriends”可知好伴侶之間交談時(shí)的空間距離是18英寸到4英尺，因此在離8英尺遠(yuǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)走近一些。故選A項(xiàng)。答案A4．Thethirdparagraphprovides________．A．a(chǎn)historicalperspectiveonpersonalspaceB．a(chǎn)neconomicreasonforpersonalspaceC．a(chǎn)noverviewofEdwardT．Hall'sfieldofstudyD．a(chǎn)definitionofpersonalspace解析推理推斷題。第三段第一句說(shuō)這是歷史學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，而后從歷史的角度來(lái)說(shuō)明空間感的進(jìn)展。A項(xiàng)指的是從歷史的角度看個(gè)人空間感。答案A5．Theword“dynamics”means“________”．A．difficultiesB．forcesorinfluencesthatcausechangeC．largenessD．explosionssolargethattheyarebeyondbelief解析詞義猜想題。此句為文章的主題句，在理解了全文之后，可知文章在說(shuō)明人在交談的過(guò)程中，個(gè)人空間位置的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。故選B。答案Beq\x(Passage2)(2022·山東高考命題爭(zhēng)辯專(zhuān)家原創(chuàng)卷)FoxeshavebecomeapartoflifeinBritain'surbanareas.Theyarestrikingcreaturesbuttheyarealsodangerous.Threeyearsago，twinbabygirlsIsabellaandLolaKouppariswereleftwitharmandfaceinjuriesaftertheywereattackedbyafoxwhiletheyweresleepingattheirhome.Lastweek，four－week－oldbabyboyDennyDolanwasbittenbyafoxwhichenteredhishome.Aftergainingaccesstothehomethroughthefrontdoor，thefoxpulledthebabydownfromthesofaandtriedtodraghimoutside，bitinghimandalmostsevering(割斷)hisfinger.Althoughfoxattacksonhumansarestillveryrare，theywillbecomemorecommonifwedon'tchangeourbehaviourtowardstheseincreasinglyfearlessanimals.Itishumansratherthanfoxesthatareresponsibleforrisingfoxattacksonhumans.Ontheonehand，peoplewholovefoxestreatthesewildanimalslikepets，leavingfoodoutforfoxes，feedingthemfromtheirhands，andeveninvitingfoxesintotheirhome.Theresultisthatthefoxismorebrazen(厚顏無(wú)恥的)andlessinclinedtoavoidus.Itisthosepeoplewhofeedfoxesthatcausefoxestolosetheirfearofhumans.However，aslongastheyhaveahealthyfearofhumans，theywon'tbotherhumans.Ontheotherhand，foxeshavemovedintocitiesforlackofresourcesinruralareas.Wetakeawaytheirnaturalhabitattobuildmorehousesandfactories.Foxeshavenochoicebuttoliveandsearchforfoodinthecity.Iftheyliveintheforest，nofoxattackwillhappen.Wehavetolearntosharetheearthwithanimalsandletfoxesreturntotheirnaturalhabitat.Wealsohavetolearntolookuponfoxesaswildanimals.Wehavetorememberthattheyareinstinctivekillers，efficientandsilentwithonlyonepurpose，killtoeat.Wemustcertainlynotintervenethem，evenwhentheylookstarved.Theyarehungryforareason.Thehungerwillforcethemtohuntforrabbitsandotheranimalsinsteadofwaitingforfoodatyourdoor.6．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．itiscommonforpeopletospotfoxesinBritishcitiesB．itisverydifficultforpeopletoraisefoxesaspetsC．itiscommonforfoxestoattackachildinBritain'surbanareasD．itisverydangerousforfoxestoliveinBritain'surbanareas解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，在英國(guó)城市里見(jiàn)到狐貍很普遍。答案A7．Whydomoreandmorefoxesfloodintocities?A．Becauseurbanpeoplelovethecuteanimal.B．Becausefoxeslacknaturalresourcesintheforest.C．Becausenohousesarebuiltforthemintheforest.D．Becausetheirhabitatsareoccupiedbyotheranimals.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句可知，狐貍涌入城市的緣由是它們?cè)谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)缺少生存的資源。答案B8．Accordingtotheauthor，whatistheresultoftreatingfoxeslikepets?A．Foxeswillgetmilderandmilder.B．Foxeswillbecomefearlesstohumans.C．Foxeswillleavetheirnaturalhabitat.D．Foxeswillnotbotherhumansanylonger.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次、三句可知，人把狐貍當(dāng)寵物對(duì)待的結(jié)果是狐貍變得不再怕人。答案B9．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor________．A．isverycrueltofoxesB．isawildanimalloverC．isconcernedaboutfoxesD．isagainstfeedingfoxes解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段可以看出作者是反對(duì)給狐貍喂食的。答案D10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Itishumansratherthanfoxesthataretoblamefortherisingfoxattacksonhumans.B．Peopleincitiesmustcertainlynotfeedfoxes，evenwhentheylookstarved.C．Humanbeingshavetolearntoliveinharmonywithwildanimalsincities.D．FoxesinBritishcitiesarestrikingcreaturesbuttheyarealsodangerousanimals.解析主旨大意題。本文主要說(shuō)明白狐貍傷人大事增多的現(xiàn)象并分析了其緣由，最終得出結(jié)論：人類(lèi)要為增多的狐貍傷人大事負(fù)全責(zé)。答案Aeq\x(Passage3)(2021·廣州市調(diào)研)AsthousandsofcommunitiesintheUSA—especiallyintheSouth—becameboominggatewaysforimmigrantfamiliesfromCentralandSouthAmericaduringthe1990sandtheearlyyearsofthenewcentury，publicschoolsstruggledwiththeunfamiliartaskofservingthelargenumberofEnglishlearnersarrivingintheirclassrooms.Educationprogramsneededtobebuilt__from__scratch．“WehadnoteachingresourcessuitableforEnglishlearnersherebefore.Wehadtodevelopthemallourselves.”aTexasprincipalsaid.Throughoutthecountry，districtshadtotraintheirownteacherstoteachEnglishtonon－nativespeakersorrecruitteachersfromelsewhere.Schoolstaffmembershadtofigureouthowtocommunicatewithparentswhodidn'tspeakEnglish.Butevenasimmigrationhasslowedorstoppedinmanyplaces，andinstructionalprogramsforEnglishlearnershavematured，servingimmigrantfamiliesandtheirchildrenremainsworkinprogressinmanypublicschools，especiallythoseincommunitiesthatareskeptical，orsometimesunwelcoming，tothenewcomers.Oneofthebiggestchallengeseducatorsfaceiscommunicatingeffectivelywithparentswhodon'tspeakEnglish—anissuethat，inpart，hascontributedtorecentcomplaintsofdiscriminationbyLatinostudentsinsomecities.“Theparents'roleisveryimportantforthesuccessofthesestudents，butit'salsooneofthemostdifficultthingswe'vehadtotackle，”saidJamesD．Rollins，thepresidentoftheSpringdaleSchoolDistrict，wherethe19，000－studentschoolsystemhasgonefromhavingnoEnglishlearners15yearsagotomorethan7，500now.“Youhavetomakeitapriorityandworkonit.”Asidefromthepracticalchallenges，suchasfindingbilingual(會(huì)說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的)staffmembers，guidingdistrictsthroughsuchdramaticchangesrequiresschoolleaderstobridgedifficultpoliticalandculturaldivide.ForschoolleadersintheSouth.especiallyinthelastfewyears，thisdifficultjobhasbeenmadeharderbythenegativeattitudesofsomelocalstowardsimmigrants.11．Accordingtothepassage，whatistheproblemthatpublicschoolsarefacing?A．HandlingmorecasesfromtheimmigrantMexicancommunities.B．Offeringservicestoimmigrantfamiliesinthesouthernstates.C．Offeringenoughcommunicativelessonstoimmigrantparents.D．Providingeducationfornon－nativeEnglishlearners.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知，美國(guó)南部的公立學(xué)校面臨著難以為日益增加的不懂英語(yǔ)的移民子女供應(yīng)足夠的語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練資源的問(wèn)題。答案D12．Theunderlinedpart“builtfromsc