2019屆新課標(biāo)天津市高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第三部分閱讀理解專題十七詞義猜測(cè)講義

專題十七詞義猜測(cè)-2-考情概覽《考試說(shuō)明》指出:正確理解文章中單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。但英語(yǔ)單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標(biāo)注的漢語(yǔ)意思,其含義隨不同的語(yǔ)境會(huì)有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義,才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外,閱讀文章時(shí),常常會(huì)遇到一些過(guò)去未見(jiàn)過(guò)的詞,但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過(guò)上下文推斷出來(lái)。這種不使用詞典而通過(guò)閱讀上下文來(lái)推斷生詞含義的能力,是一個(gè)合格的讀者所必須具備的能力,因此也是閱讀理解中經(jīng)?？疾榈囊环N能力。詞義猜測(cè)題主要是測(cè)試考生根據(jù)上下文判斷生詞或新短語(yǔ)意義的能力。閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到許多生詞。事實(shí)上,閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系?？忌梢岳谜Z(yǔ)境(各種已知信息)推測(cè)、判斷某些生詞的詞義。-3-1.詞義猜測(cè)題常見(jiàn)的命題方式有以下幾種(1)Theword“...”inthepassagemeans

.

(2)Theword“...”couldbebestreplacedby

.

(3)Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningtotheword“...”?(4)Theword“...”probablyrefersto

.

(5)Accordingtothepassage,theword“...”isknownas

.

2.詞義猜測(cè)題解題策略(1)根據(jù)定義、解釋和復(fù)述猜測(cè)詞義這種情況下,生詞往往出現(xiàn)在前面,定義或解釋跟在生詞的后面,也可由or或破折號(hào)引出,因此只要找準(zhǔn)并正確理解生詞的釋義,生詞的含義也就清楚了。釋義部分可以是單詞、短語(yǔ),也可以是列舉的句子。在做這類題時(shí),要注意生詞與復(fù)述部分往往構(gòu)成同位語(yǔ),在句中多用逗號(hào)(,)、破折號(hào)(—)、冒號(hào)(:)、分號(hào)(;)等來(lái)連接。-4-【典例分析】(2017·天津卷,C)Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,Alexander

Dobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture....-5-46.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知,交通部長(zhǎng)的提議將會(huì)明確司機(jī)的責(zé)任。根據(jù)第二段的“...the

grey

area

between

semi-autonomous

and

fully

driverless

cars

that

could

delay

the

driverless

future.”可知,這個(gè)提議旨在處理半自主駕駛與完全自主駕駛之間的不明確的情形,故選D項(xiàng)。-6-(2)根據(jù)搭配、對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、辨別句子成分、分清搭配關(guān)系,是判斷詞義的前提,通過(guò)搭配關(guān)系可以確定畫線名詞指代的對(duì)象是人還是物。另外,轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,讓步/條件狀語(yǔ)從句以及unlike,inspiteof,despite,however等一些介詞和副詞(短語(yǔ))都可以構(gòu)成意義上的對(duì)比關(guān)系。-7-【典例分析】

Anotherbeneficialaspectofgroupexerciseistheinformationalsupportparticipantsreceivefromtheinstructor.Manypeoplefearthegymbecausetheyfeellostanddon’twanttoembarrassthemselves.Ifyoufeelyoucanrelate,thengrouptrainingisanevenbetteroptionforyou.It’sagreatopportunitytolearnmoreaboutfitnessthroughtheclearinstructionandsupervision(監(jiān)管)ofafitnessinstructor.Ifyou’retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored,youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthat’llkeepyourworkoutontrack.Don’tletfitnessfrightenyou!-8-73.Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“

”.

A.cheerful

B.averageC.serious

D.temporary詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面出現(xiàn)的“becoming

bored”可判斷,作者建議你參加一個(gè)活潑愉快的健身班。該詞的含義應(yīng)該與“bored”相反,故選擇A項(xiàng)。-9-(3)利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義①根據(jù)前綴猜測(cè)詞義如:Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?根據(jù)詞根educational(教育的),結(jié)合前綴co-(共同,一起),我們便可以猜出co-educational意為“男女同校教育的”。②根據(jù)后綴猜測(cè)詞義如:It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.后綴-ise/-ize意為“使成為……,使……化”,結(jié)合詞根commercial(商業(yè)的),不難猜出uncommercialized意為“未被商業(yè)化的”。-10-【典例分析】

(Q=Question;A=Answer)Situation

ⅠQ:Ifsomeonesitsrightnexttomeinanemptymovietheater,isitrudetomove?A:Maybe,butnobodywillfaultyouforit.Chancesarethattheclosesitterdoesn’trealizehedisturbsyou,sohemaymissyourannoyance.Youundoubtedlyaren’tthefirstpersonhe’smetwhoneedsenoughroom.Forgivehisbadjudgment,movequietlyandenjoytheshow.-11-Situation

ⅡQ:IfIusetherestroomatastore,doIneedtobuysomething?A:Considerfrequencyandurgency.Isthisaone-timethingoranemergency?If

so,youdon’thavetobuyanything,butitwouldbekindifyoudid.However,ifyouregularlyusetherestroomatthisplace,thenyouareacustomer,andyoushouldactlikeone.Situation

ⅢQ:Ifsomeoneistalkingloudlyonthebus,isthereanicewaytoaskhimtokeepitdown?A:No.Tryothermeans:1)Stareathimuntilhegetsawareofitandquietsdown.2)Liftyourfingerinasilencemotion(動(dòng)作)andsmile.3)Putonearphonesandignorehim.-12-Situation

ⅣQ:IfIremembermyfriend’sbirthdayadaylate,shouldIapologizeorjustwishherahappybirthdaylikenothinghappened?A:Thisisthereasonwhythewordbelatedwasinvented.“Happybelatedbirthday!”isshortfor:“Well,IknowIforgot,butthenIremembered.Forgivemeandhappybirthday.”Situation

ⅤQ:CanIlieaboutseeingatextbecauseIwastoobusyorlazytorespond(回復(fù))toit?A:Don’t

lie.Receivingatextdoesnotmeanyouneedtorespondtoit.Whywasteaperfectlygoodliewhenthetruthwillserve?“Yes,”youcansayifeverasked,“Isawit.”Noexplanationisneededastowhyyoudon’trespond.-13-Theunderlinedword“belated”inSituationⅣprobablymeans

.

A.predicted

B.returnedC.cancelled

D.delayed詞義猜測(cè)題。由第四個(gè)情景對(duì)話(Q:)中的“a

day

late”及畫線詞belated本身中的詞根late可以推出答案為D項(xiàng)delayed“拖延的,遲到的”。-14-③根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測(cè)詞義如:Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(別扭的)handpositions.well-designed或許是個(gè)生詞,但我們分析該詞的結(jié)構(gòu)后,就能推測(cè)出其含義。它由well(好,優(yōu)秀)和design(設(shè)計(jì))兩部分組成,合在一起便是“設(shè)計(jì)精巧的”之意。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethinkthatcraft(手藝)nolongerexists.根據(jù)合成詞中的mass(大量的)和produce(生產(chǎn)),我們可以推測(cè)mass-produced的意思是“大批量生產(chǎn)的,大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的”。-15-(4)根據(jù)上下文信息判斷詞義根據(jù)上下文信息猜測(cè)詞義題占此類題的絕大部分,做題時(shí)既要注意畫線詞前的信息,也要注意畫線詞后的信息,有時(shí)有參考價(jià)值的信息會(huì)延伸到上下段落中。-16-【典例分析】(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,D)Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.-17-Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

...-18-33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole. D.Thecup.詞義猜測(cè)題。從文章第二段的“To

construct

a

working

still...”和畫線詞后的productivity可推斷出畫線部分指的是the

still。故選B項(xiàng)。-19-(5)根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷詞義根據(jù)常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義時(shí),要注意“度”,即:要在忠于原文信息的前提下,適當(dāng)借助經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義,不能脫離原文中的實(shí)際進(jìn)行夸大的猜測(cè)?！镜淅治觥?/p>

Peoplearen’twalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn’tinanyhurry,either.Ihadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.-20-ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune(免疫的),forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime,weregarded25milesasagoodday’swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced—andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatueofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysician,Sir

Adolphe

Abrahams,pointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercise.Apersonwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.-21-ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.Hecannotlearninacar.Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport,butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.Manypeopledon’tdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.Tothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroad.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.

Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemind’sbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.-22-Whatiscomparedto“asteelriver”inParagraph6?A.Aqueueofcars. B.Arayoftrafficlight.C.Aflashoflightning. D.Astreamofpeople.詞義猜測(cè)題。本段主要講述的是人們過(guò)分依賴汽車。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),安全就是一條在混凝土路上呼嘯而過(guò)的“鋼鐵長(zhǎng)河”。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷a

steel

river

指的是一長(zhǎng)列汽車。答案為A項(xiàng)。-23-ABCLifeistobeenjoyed.There’snopointingivingupsomethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat’sevenbetter.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully,exercise,quit

smoking,andmanagestressbetter,theyfindthattheyfeelsomuchbetterthatitreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Thelateststudiesshowthatwhenyouexerciseandeatright:YOURBRAINreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen,soyoubecomesmarter,thinkmoreclearly,havemoreenergy,andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedthatjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanynewneurons(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)togrowthatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople’sbrains!-24-ABCYOURFACEreceivesmorebloodflow,so

yourskinglowsmoreandwrinkles(皺紋)less.Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive.In

contrast,anunhealthydiet,chronicemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourfacesoyouagemorequickly.Smokingacceleratesagingbecausenicotinecausesyourarteries(動(dòng)脈)tonarrowdown,whichdecreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleearlier.Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare.

YOURGENESchange.In

May,astudywaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesshowingthatchangingyourlifestylechangesyourgenes.-25-ABCYOURTELOMERES(染色體端粒)getlonger.Telomeresaretheendsofourchromosomes(染色體)thatcontrolhowlongwelive.Astelomeresbecomeshorter,thencellsagemorequickly,thusshorteningyourlife.Besides,oneofthemostinterestingfindingsinthestudywasthatthemothers’awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthanwhatwasreallyoccurringintheirlives.Theresearchersgavethewomenaquestionnaireandaskedthemtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday,andhowoutofcontroltheirlivesfelttothem.Thewomenwhowereawarethattheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomerescomparedwiththosewhofeltmorerelaxed.Onthecontrary,someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxeddespiteraisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.-26-ABCInotherwords,ifyoufeelstressed,youarestressed;ifyoufeelfine,youarefine.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻?、正確的飲食和愉悅的心情能給人帶來(lái)很多益處。比如一個(gè)人的大腦會(huì)有更多的血液流動(dòng),帶來(lái)更多的氧氣,人就會(huì)思維活躍,精力更加充沛。此外,面部皺紋也會(huì)減少,看上去更年輕更漂亮。而吸煙、不恰當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈筒涣记榫w則會(huì)加速一個(gè)人的衰老和死亡。-27-ABC1.Whichofthefollowingaregoodforlengtheningone’slife,accordingtothepassage?①eathealthyfood

②drinkplentyofwater

③takeexercise

④getupearly

⑤gotosleepearly

⑥r(nóng)eleaseone’sstressA.①③⑥ B.①②③C.①⑤⑥ D.③④⑥A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“When

people

eat

more

healthfully,exercise,quit

smoking,and

manage

stress

better,they

find

that

they

feel

so

much

better...”可知A項(xiàng)正確。-28-ABC2.Theunderlinedwords“yourskinglows”inParagraph3areclosestinmeaningto“

”.

A.yourskinbecomeswhiteasthereisplentyofsunshineB.yourskinbecomessmoothasthereismuchbloodinitC.yourskinlookspinkasyouarehealthyD.yourskinbecomessoftasyouexerciseenoughC解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“You

look

younger

and

more

attractive.”可推測(cè)出,如果一個(gè)人看上去更年輕更漂亮的話,皮膚應(yīng)該是健康的顏色,故C項(xiàng)正確。-29-ABC3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whenyouexerciseandeatright,youwillexperiencesomechangesEXCEPT

.

A.brainsbecomingclevererB.faceshavingfewerwrinklesC.arteriesturningnarrowerD.genesbeingchangedC解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第四句“Smoking

accelerates

aging

because

nicotine

causes

your

arteries(動(dòng)脈)

to

narrow

down”可知,是吸煙這種不健康的習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈血管變窄,故選C項(xiàng)。-30-ABC4.Fromthelastbutoneparagraphwelearnthat

.

A.motherswillhavemoredamagedtelomeresiftheyraiseadisabledchildB.mothersdon’tknowhowtohandlestresseffectivelyC.somewomenwereaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireabouteducatingchildrenD.mothers’positiveattitudesarethekeytomanagingtheirstressD解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Besides,oneofthemost

interesting

findings

in

the

study

was

that

the

mothers’

awareness

of

stress

was

more

important

than

what

was

really

occurring

in

their

lives.”以及后文的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知,母親們對(duì)壓力的積極態(tài)度是成功應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的關(guān)鍵,故D項(xiàng)正確。-31-ABC5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe

.

A.Eat

better,livebetterB.Feel

better,livelongerC.Less

stress,fewerdiseasesD.Smoke

more,agesoonerB解析主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出“Life

is

to

be

enjoyed.”,然后講述了健康的飲食、適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻捄蛯?duì)壓力的正確處理給人們帶來(lái)的益處,最后總結(jié)概括“In

other

words,if

you

feel

stressed,you

are

stressed;if

you

feel

fine,you

are

fine.”由此可知,文章的最佳標(biāo)題為B項(xiàng),其他選項(xiàng)都是片面的。-32-ABCWhenHaben

GirmawasincollegeatLewis&Clark,shehadtosolveaproblemthatfewotherstudentshavefaced.Asadeaf-blindstudentwithverylimitedsightandhearing,shehadahardtimefiguringoutthefoodstationsinherschool’scafeteria.AssheexplainedinaspeechonJan.16,2012,atthePerkinsSchoolfortheBlind,shecameupwithaplanthatshewouldbeemailedthemenueachdayforeachstationandcouldpickherdestinationaccordingly,insteadofjusttakingwhateverwasputonherplate.Butthecafeteriasenttheemailonlyabouthalfthetime.Whenshewrotetothecafeteriamanagertocomplain,he

responded,asshedescribedinherspeech,“that

theywereverybusy,thattheyweredoingmeabigfavor,andthatIshouldstopcomplainingandbemoreappreciative.”-33-ABCAtthatpoint,Girmaturnedtothelaw:“IexplainedthatTitleⅢoftheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)requiresbusinessestomakereasonableaccommodationsforpersonswithdisabilities;ifthecafeteriarefusedtodothis,Iwouldsue(起訴).”Themanagerfoundherduringmealtimethenextdayandapologized,andfromthenonshereceivedthemenueachday.-34-ABCGirma’sparentsandteacherstaughtherfromanearlyagethatherlifeneednotbelimitedbyherdisabilitiesandthateachproblemhadasolution.AtherlocalpublicschoolinOakland,Calif.,shelearnedsignlanguageandBraille.Shetriedrockclimbing,skiing,bikinganddance.Yetherparentsinitiallyhesitatedwhen,duringhighschool,GirmatoldthemshewantedtovolunteerinMaliwithagroupbuildingschools.“Iwas15andIwastravelingoutsidethecountrywithoutfamily,”she

says.“Anditwasamazing.Itreallyhelpeddevelopmyconfidence.IfIcangotobuildaschoolinWestAfrica,Icangotolawschool.”GirmaisrightbecausesheisnowastudentatHarvardLawSchool.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了殘疾人Haben

Girma爭(zhēng)取自身權(quán)益并不斷提升自我的故事。-35-ABC1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Girma’steachers.B.Girma’sclassmates.C.DisabledstudentslikeGirma.D.Thestaffintheschoolcafeteria.D解析代詞指代題。由第二段可知,Girma要求學(xué)校自助食堂將每天每個(gè)食品站的菜單用電子郵件發(fā)送給她,但是自助食堂只有一半的時(shí)間做到。Girma就此問(wèn)題投訴后,自助食堂的經(jīng)理答復(fù)說(shuō)食堂的工作人員很忙等。故畫線詞指代“學(xué)校自助食堂的工作人員”。-36-ABC2.Girmagotthemenuasrequiredsoonafter

.

A.sheputforwardtheplanB.shevisitedthecafeteriamanagerC.shedeclaredthatshewouldsuethecafeteriaD.shewrotetothecafeteriamanagertocomplainC解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知,投訴無(wú)效后,Girma聲明食堂如果拒絕將每天每個(gè)食品站的菜單用電子郵件發(fā)送給她,她將依法起訴食堂。第二天食堂經(jīng)理就向她道歉并答應(yīng)了她的要求。-37-ABC3.BeingtoldthatGirmawantedtovolunteerinMali,herparents

.

A.expresseddifferentopinionsB.stronglydisagreedontheideaC.immediatelyshowedfirmsupportD.permittedhertogoaftersomehesitationD解析推理判斷題。由最后一段的“Yet

her

parents

initially

hesitated...”及“‘...I

was

15

and

I

was

traveling

outside

the

country

without

family,’she

says.”可推斷,Girma的父母一開(kāi)始很猶豫,后來(lái)才允許她去馬里當(dāng)志愿者。-38-ABC4.ThroughthevolunteerexperienceinMali,Girma

.

A.becamemoreconfidentB.developedaninterestinlawC.realizedtheimportanceoftravelingD.wasdeterminedtobuildmoreschoolsA解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段末的“It

really

helped

develop

my

confidence.If

I

can

go

to

build

a

school

in

West

Africa,I

can

go

to

law

school.”可知,A項(xiàng)正確。-39-ABC5.WhatcanwelearnfromGirma?A.Nevercomplain.B.Thecustomerisalwaysright.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,作為殘疾人,Girma依法維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益,不斷挑戰(zhàn)自我,不讓身體缺陷限制自己的發(fā)展,最終成為哈佛法學(xué)院的學(xué)生。故D項(xiàng)正確。-40-ABCIoncemetawell-knownbotanistatadinnerparty.Ihadnevertalkedwithabotanistbefore,andIfoundhimveryinteresting.Isatthereabsorbedandlistenedwhilehespokeofunusualplantsandhisexperiments(heeventoldmeastonishingfactsaboutthesimplepotato).Ihadasmallindoorgardenofmyown—andhewasgoodenoughtotellmehowtosolvesomeofmyproblems.AsIsaid,wewereatadinnerparty.Theremusthavebeenadozenotherguests,butIbrokeanimportantruleofpoliteness.Iignoredeveryoneelseandtalkedforhourstothebotanist.Midnightcame.Isaidgoodnighttoeveryoneanddeparted.Thebotanistthenturnedtoourhostandsaidmanynicethingsaboutme,includingthatIwasa“mostinterestingconversationalist”.-41-ABCAninterestingconversationalist?Ihadsaidhardlyanythingatall.Icouldn’thavesaidanythingifIhadwantedtowithoutchangingthesubject,forIdidn’tknowanymoreaboutplantsthanIknewaboutsharks.ButIhaddonethisonething:Ihadlistenedcarefully.IlistenedbecauseIwasreallyinterested.Andhefeltit.Naturallythatpleasedhim.Thatkindoflisteningisoneofthebestwaystoshowrespecttoothers,anditmakesthemfeelgreattoo.“Fewhumanbeings,”wroteJackWoodfordinStrangers

in

Love,“canresistthesweeteffectofraptattention.”Iwentevenfurtherthanthat.Iwassincereinmyadmirationandgenerousinmypraise.

-42-ABCItoldhimthatIhadbeenhugelyentertainedandinstructed.ItoldhimIwishedIhadhisknowledge.ItoldhimthatIshouldlovetowanderthefieldswithhim.What’s

more,itwasalltrue.AndsoIhadhimthinkingofmeasagoodconversationalistwhen,in

reality,Ihadonlybeenagoodlistenerandhadencouragedhimtotalk.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們傾聽(tīng)的重要性和一個(gè)健談的人應(yīng)具備的品質(zhì)。-43-ABC1.FromParagraph1,wecanlearnthatthewriter

.