Unit4-Natural-Disasters-Part-3-配套式作業(yè)解析版

Book1Unit4Part3配套式作業(yè)----精讀泛讀二合一（限時(shí)35分鐘）Ⅰ.閱讀理解（2022·臺(tái)州高三調(diào)研）In2018,Iwantedtodosomethingtobringchangeforpeopleinmycommunity.Icarriedoutresearchtounderstandtheproblemsaffectingthemandfoundthatclimatechangewasthegreatestthreat.WhenIrealisedmanypeopleintheruralareasfacedfatalimpactssuchaslandslides,floodsanddroughts,Idecidedtostandup.Seeingclimatechangethreatentheavailabilityoffoodandwaterinmycountrywasawake-upcall.Wearefocusedandveryclearwithourdemands.Wearenotafraidofholdinggovernmentsandcorporationsaccountablefortheclimatecrisisbecausethescienceisclear.Wewillnotgiveupbecauseourfutureisatstake.Weneedtodemandforclimateactionasourlivesdependonittoo,becausewedo.FarmersinOntariostoodupagainstaproposedmegaquarry（采石場(chǎng)）intheirland.Theyheldfestivalstodrawattention,theyspokeupagainstcorporateminingwhichthreatenedtheirgroundwaterandsoil,theymobilisedmanypeopletostopitandin2012,HighlandCompanywithdrewtheirplans.Ihopetoseetheendofthefossilfuelindustry,andweneedrenewableenergy.Weneedsustainabilityineverysectorthroughgreenbuildingandcleantransportation.Ihopetoseerecoveryofourecosystemsthroughplantingmoretrees,havingurbanforestsandprotectingwildlife.Ourexistencedependsonthatofourecosystems.Ihopetoseemorerecoveryprojectsbuiltinthemostaffectedcommunities.Therearemanyclimatemovementsallovertheworldandmosthavesocialmediaac-counts.Findalocalgroupthatyoucanworkwithtodemandclimateaction.Whenpeopleareunited,theycannotbedefeated.Earthisourhometoprotect.Everyoneisneeded.Whydidtheauthortakeimmediateaction?A.Hewantedtochangepeopleinhiscommunity.B.Heremindedpeopleofvaluingfoodandwater.C.Hewasawareofthedangeroftheclimatechange.D.Hewasinterestedintheproblemsintheruralareas.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mobilised"inParagraph2mean?A.Forced.B.Forbade.C.Warned.D.Organized.3.WhatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraphA.Renewableenergyhasreplacedthefossilfuel.B.Morerecoveryprojectshavebeenbuiltinmanycommunities.C.Thefossilfuelindustrydoesharmtoourecosystems.D.Thefossilfuelindustrydoesn'taccountforourexistence.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toappealtopeopletounitetoprotectenvironment.B.Toclarifytheauthor'scontributionforthecommunity.C.Torecommendusanewkindofrenewableenergy.D.Toshowtheimportanceofbanningthefossilfuelindustry.B（2022昆明市“三診一?！备呖寄M）Bangladesh'sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldofferacontinuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbe-causeofclimatechange,anewstudyhasfound.Bangladesh'sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefromnativeplantsthatfloatintheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts（筏），risingandfallingwiththewaters.Historically,theywereusedtocontinuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgar-densthatfloatinthewater.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswan-tedtounderstandwhetherBangladesh'sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggar-densprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily'sincome.Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid（雜交植物）seeds，whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowadiverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.However,beforegainingprofits,farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans（貸款）tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily,therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.5.Howdovegetableplantsgrowaccordingtothetext?A.Byabsorbingnutritionfromraft-plants.B.Bytakingshelterfromclimatechange.C.Bylivingtogetherwithhybridseeds.D.Bymovingupanddownwithraisedbeds.6.Whatmightbeareplyfromfarmingfamiliesinterviewed?A.“Ourlifebecomestoughwhenriversflood.”B.“Fewervegetablesareplantedwhenwaterrises."C.“Weharvestmuchmorefoodduringrainyseasons.”D.“Climatechangehaslittleinfluenceonourincome.”7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"outweighed"inparagraph5mean?A.Affected.B.Brought.C.Beat.D.Equaled.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Asolutiontoclimateproblemshasbeenfound.B.Thegardensarebuiltwithrottednativeplants.C.Farmersearnmorefromtraditionalricefields.D.Low-interestloanslightenthestressoffarmers.Ⅱ.完形填空（2022·寧波高三調(diào)研）WhilelookingforajobinDenmark,Albertofoundhissparetimeactivitiesanadvantage.Inhissparetime,Albertowaspleasantly___1____tofindalotofoutdoorfacilitiesinDenmark.____2____movingthere,hehadthoughtthatbecauseofthe___3___,localswouldprobably___4____spendingtimeindoors.“Iliketo__5__lifeoutdoorswithfriends:walkingintheforest,playingsportsandswimming.Weeven___6___acampingtriptothebeach.”Albertoalsoenjoys___7____traininginsparetime.___8____,heismorethanwillingtohelpothersinthegym,"Making___9_____andhelpingfriendshavetaughtmehowto___10____andunderstandthe____11_____ofaperson,whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeopleoranywherewhereempathy（共鳴）andattentionare___12_____.Ihavealsolearnedtobecomemore______13______,sinceIhavetoobserveandthenchangeor___14__theplanbasedontheir____15___.Finally,Ihavealsolearnedhowtobeabetter___16____.—Ihadtodesigntheschedulesinafunandentertainingwayto___17____people.”Albertofoundtheseexperienceshelpfulin___18____.“Nowadays,companiesarenotsofocusedoncertain___19____,butmoreinterest-edingettingtoknowthepersonbehindtheCV（簡(jiǎn)歷）.Sparetimeactivitiesserveasameansforthecompanytogetabetter___20____ofemployees."1.A.disappointedB.anxiousC.surprisedD.annoyed2.A.BeforeB.UponC.WithoutD.For3.A.traditionB.weatherC.trafficD.passion4.A.denyB.continueC.resistD.prefer5.A.enjoyB.expectC.discussD.appreciate6.A.witnessedB.neededC.didD.chose7.A.fitnessB.militaryC.professionalD.academic8.A.EventuallyB.HopefullyC.ThereforeD.Moreover9.A.interviewsB.plansC.changesD.decisions10.A.admireB.proveC.followD.detect11.A.advantagesB.imaginationsC.needsD.abilities12.A.uselessB.strangeC.urgentD.necessary13.A.proudB.organizedC.excitedD.merciful14.A.supportB.recommendC.adaptD.make15.A.reactionB.movementC.impressionD.position16.A.classmateB.leaderC.sportsmanD.salesman17.A.distractB.interestC.amuseD.encourage18.A.schoolingB.truth-seekingC.job-huntingD.surviving19.A.skillsB.opinionsC.personalitiesD.weaknesses20.A.sideB.halfC.pictureD.futureⅢ.語法填空（2022·杭州四校高三聯(lián)考）Thereareplacesonearththat1._____________(puzzle)scientistsinthepastcenturiesandhavebeenthesubjectofmuchdiscussionaroundtheworld.TwoofthemostfascinatingplacesareEasterIslandandStonehenge.LyingintheSouthPacific,EasterIslandisoneofthemostisolatedplacesonearthandisfamousforthelargestonemonoliths（獨(dú)塊巨石）thatlineitscoast.Shapedlikehumanheads,thesestructures,2._______werecarvedbyancientpeople,rangein3._______(high)fromabout5to22meters.Today,about600stonesremain.OntheoppositesideoftheworldstandsStonehenge.ThisancientEnglishsiteisacollectionoflargestonesarranged4.________twocircles,oneinsidetheother.Al-thoughonlyruinsoftheoriginalformationexisttoday,archaeologistsbelievethattheinnercircleofbluestones,each5.__________(weigh)about4tons,wasbuiltfirst.Thegiantstonesthatformtheoutercircle,6.________（know）assarsen（砂巖原礫）stones,weighasmuchas50tonseach!Scientists7.__________(current)believethatearlyPolynesianresidentscarved8._________island'smonoliths——believedtobesomesymbols——fromvolcanicrock,andthenpulledthemtotheirdifferent9.(location).AndtheenormousstonesatStonehenge10.__________(transport)fromplacesaroundthecountry.Scientistsconsiderthisaremarkableachievement,forheavyliftingequipmentusedinmodernconstructionwasnotavailableatthattime.Ⅰ.【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者看到氣候變化帶來的威脅后，決定采取措施并呼吁人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來保護(hù)地球。C【推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可推知，作者立即采取行動(dòng)是因?yàn)樗庾R(shí)到了氣候變化的危險(xiǎn)。】2.D【詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“Theyheldfestivalstodrawattention,theyspokeupagainstcorporateminingwhichthreatenedtheirgroundwaterandsoil"以及"manypeopletostopit"可知，他們動(dòng)員了許多人來阻止采礦。由此可推知，mobilised應(yīng)意為“動(dòng)員，組織”，與D項(xiàng)意思相近?！?.C【推理判斷題。通讀第三段尤其是第一句可推知，化石燃料工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)會(huì)造成破壞。】4.A【推理判斷題。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是最后一段可知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來保護(hù)地球。】【詞匯積累】carryoutresearch開展研究availabilityn.有效性，實(shí)用性accountableadj.負(fù)有責(zé)任的withdrawtheirplan撤回他們的計(jì)劃5.renewableadj.可再生的6.sustainability/sesteme'blleti/n.持續(xù)性【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。孟加拉國的“漂浮菜園”為世界上因氣候變化而易發(fā)生洪水的地區(qū)提供可持續(xù)的解決方案。文中詳細(xì)介紹了農(nóng)民如何制作有機(jī)植床、如何在植床上種植、這種種植方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)等。5.A【細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.”可知，當(dāng)有機(jī)植物筏子腐爛時(shí)，它們會(huì)釋放營(yíng)養(yǎng)，這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)就為菜秧提供了養(yǎng)分，故菜秧是通過吸收植物筏子的營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)的?！?.D【推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，漂浮菜園在保證農(nóng)村人口的食物量和農(nóng)民家庭的收入方面都具有穩(wěn)定性。故被采訪的農(nóng)民家庭的回答可能是D項(xiàng)"氣候變化對(duì)我們的收入幾乎沒影響”?！?.C【詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts”可知，即使在有那些開支的情況下，收益還是“超出”成本。A項(xiàng)意為“影響”；B項(xiàng)意為“帶來”；C項(xiàng)意為“勝過”；D項(xiàng)意為“等于”?！?.D【推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段尾句"Luckily，therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernment...thatburden”可知，低息貸款減輕了農(nóng)民的壓力。】【詞匯積累】1.layervt.把……分層堆放2.rotaway腐爛3.practice熟義∶n.練習(xí)生義∶n.通常的做法；慣例4.sensitiveadj.敏感的5.interest熟義∶n.興趣生義∶n.利息6.cover熟義∶v.覆蓋生義∶v.足夠支付Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。在丹麥找工作時(shí)，阿爾貝托發(fā)現(xiàn)他的業(yè)余活動(dòng)是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文中阿爾貝托描述了他的業(yè)余活動(dòng)如何為他找工作帶來了優(yōu)勢(shì)。1.C【根據(jù)該段下文中的“hehadthought...spendingtimeindoors”可知，丹麥當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡軙?huì)更喜歡室內(nèi)活動(dòng)；結(jié)合該句中的“findalotofoutdoorfacilitiesinDenmark”可以判斷，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)丹麥有許多室外設(shè)施時(shí)，阿爾貝托感到很驚訝，C項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”。】2.A【根據(jù)該句中的“hehadthought”可知，該句使用了過去完成時(shí)，結(jié)合語境可以判斷，此處表示在阿爾貝托遷到丹麥之前?！?.B【根據(jù)該句中的"spendingtimeindoors"可知，丹麥人可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)；由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動(dòng)，故喜歡待在室內(nèi)?！?.D【根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ocalswouldprobably”可知，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動(dòng)，故可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)。D項(xiàng)意為“更喜歡”?！?.A【根據(jù)該句中的"walkingintheforest，playingsportsandswimming”可知，阿爾貝托喜歡和朋友們一起享受戶外活動(dòng)∶在森林里散步、運(yùn)動(dòng)和游泳。A項(xiàng)意為“享受……的樂趣”?！?.C【根據(jù)該句中的“acampingtriptothebeach”并結(jié)合上句內(nèi)容可知，阿爾貝托甚至還去海灘進(jìn)行了野營(yíng)旅行。】7.A【根據(jù)下句中的"heismorethanwillingtohelpoth-ersinthegym”可知，阿爾貝托很樂意幫助在體育館的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，阿爾貝托喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練。fitnesstraining意為“健身訓(xùn)練”，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?.D【根據(jù)上句可知，阿爾貝托喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練；根據(jù)該句中的"heismorethanwillingtohelpothersinthegym”可知，此外，他還很樂意幫助在體育館的人。據(jù)此可知，兩句間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用Moreover。]9.B【健身訓(xùn)練需要做計(jì)劃，阿爾貝托從作計(jì)劃和幫朋友中獲益良多。B項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”?！?0.D【根據(jù)該句中的"whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeople”可知，這在他與人打交道時(shí)幫助了他；結(jié)合該句中的"understand"可以判斷，作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會(huì)了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個(gè)人的需求。D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”?！?1.C【根據(jù)該句中的"whichhelpsmewhenI'mdealingwithpeople”可知，這幫助阿爾貝托與人打交道；該處指作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會(huì)了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個(gè)人的需求?！?2.D【根據(jù)語境可知，在與人打交道的過程中，共鳴和關(guān)注是必要的。D項(xiàng)意為“必要的”。】13.B【根據(jù)該句中的“sinceIhavetoobserveandthenchange”和“theplan”可知，阿爾貝托不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，他要更有效地組織人們運(yùn)動(dòng)。organized意為“有效率的，有條理的”?！?4.C【根據(jù)該句中的"Ihavetoobserveandthenchangeor”和“theplan”可知，阿爾貝托不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示改變或修改計(jì)劃。C項(xiàng)意為“使適應(yīng)，使適合（新用途、新情況）”?！?5.A【根據(jù)語境可知，阿爾貝托需要根據(jù)人們的反應(yīng)改變計(jì)劃。A項(xiàng)意為“反應(yīng)”?！?6.D【根據(jù)該句中的“Ihadtodesigntheschedulesinafunandentertainingway”可知，阿爾貝托必須以一種有趣且使人愉快的方式來設(shè)計(jì)日程安排；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何成為更好的銷售員?！?7.B【根據(jù)該句中的“inafunandentertainingway”可推知，阿爾貝托此舉的目的是讓人們感興趣。B項(xiàng)意為“使感興趣”?！?8.C【根據(jù)本文首句中的“Whilelookingfor