2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習與測試專題七概要寫作第二講定主體依邏輯精準把脈課件

第二講定主體，依邏輯，精準把脈一、文體意識解讀1．審題要素審題體裁說明文議論文記敘文時態(tài)一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時混合時態(tài)主題主題句要點歸納段落大意2.不同文體運用不同的概括方法(1)說明文的文體特征說明文是對事物客觀說明的一種文體，目的在于闡明原理、介紹知識和敘述事物。常見的寫作順序空間順序介紹事物空間結(jié)構(gòu)的順序(從上到下；從外到內(nèi)；從整體到局部)時間順序介紹事物發(fā)展的先后順序邏輯順序描述事物的性質(zhì)、功能針對現(xiàn)象提出解決方法或措施介紹現(xiàn)象及其原因常見的說明方法下定義(definition)分類別(classification)舉例子(example)做比較(comparison&contrast)引用(quotation)打比方(metaphor)說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)開頭段要說明的對象中間段說明事物、現(xiàn)象的性質(zhì)、功能或提出解決方法結(jié)尾段呼應首段，對應主題[概括方法]說明文是高考英語概要寫作最常用的體裁。關(guān)注段首或段尾，找到中心句，并進行精練概括；中間段落需針對被說明對象的不同方面展開說明。(2)議論文的文體特征議論文對事件、現(xiàn)象或問題表達自己的看法、主張或觀點。常見的議論文：

讀后感、演說、序言、書評議論文的三要素：論點(topic)、論據(jù)(argument)、論證(demonstration)常見的論證方式：舉例論證(example)、道理論證(reason)、對比論證(comparison&contrast)、比喻論證(metaphor)、引用論證(quotation)、歸納論證(induction)、正反論證(prosandcons)[概括方法]首先要找出文章的論點、論據(jù)與論證。然后畫出主題句或結(jié)論句，分析句際邏輯，提煉主次信息。議論文中會出現(xiàn)不同的觀點，需注意不能漏掉其中任何一種觀點。(3)記敘文的文體特征記敘文往往敘述人物的經(jīng)歷或者事物的發(fā)展變化。記敘文的六要素：時間(when)、地點(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、起因(why)、過程(how)[概括方法]人物(who)與事件(what)是記敘文的重點。如果是夾敘夾議文，需注意在總結(jié)要點時，加上作者自己的觀點。3．解題方法(1)識別文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨大意；(2)分析句際邏輯，提煉主次信息(主題句＋重要信息)；(3)使用自己的語言合并主次信息，使之成為要點句；(4)適當?shù)厥褂镁溟g銜接詞。二、增分技巧展示5．連貫成文恰當運用過渡銜接詞(1)順序firstly...secondly...thirdly...finally；tobeginwith...then...further...finally；tostartwith...next...inaddition...finally；ontheonehand...ontheotherhand；foronething...foranother(thing)等(2)并列notonly...butalso...,either...or...,aswellas等(3)對比onthecontrary、nevertheless、however、comparedwith/to、incomparisonwith等(4)遞進besides、what'smore、moreover、furthermore、inaddition、additionally、what'sworse、moreimportantly、mostimportantly等(5)因果thanksto、asaresult、resultfrom、becauseof/dueto/owingto等(6)總結(jié)inaword、inconclusion、inbrief、inshort、onthewhole、tosumup、toconclude、intheend等四、優(yōu)秀元素必背1．導入句①Asurvey/Anexperiment/Aninvention/Aresearch...finds/discovers/proves/shows...②Accordingtoarecentsurvey/experiment/invention...③Accordingtoexperts/specialists/Dr.White...④Experts/Specialists/Researchers...say...⑤Itisexpectedthat...⑥Hopefully...2．同義詞塊concentrateon—focusoninsteadof—ratherthanadifficultjob—achallengingjobatlast—eventuallysetoffhome—headhomeasurprisingpicture—anamazingsightgreatprogress—majorprogressbeveryinteresting—bealotoffunafewdays—acoupleofdayshaveanidea—comeupwithanideahaveagoodtime—haveajoyfultime3．過渡詞similarly、actually、meanwhile、ontheotherhand、besides/moreover/also、despite/inspiteof、becauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/asaconsequenceof...4．高級詞匯替換增分表

原詞替換詞1about關(guān)于concerning、regarding、relatedto、relevantto2actually事實上infact、asamatteroffact、inreality3aimat旨在beaimedto、beaimedat、beintendedto、bemeantto4appear出現(xiàn)turnup、showup

原詞替換詞5approach靠近，臨近comenear、drawnear6besides而且，另外additionally、inaddition、what'smore、moreover、furthermore

7beproudof為……感到驕傲/自豪takepridein8energetic精力充沛的

fullofenergy9havefun玩得開心enjoyoneself、haveagoodtime

原詞替換詞10hold舉行takeplace11honor/honour紀念inhonor/honourof12clever聰明的intelligent、wise、smart、bright、brilliant

13inaword總之

allinall、inconclusion、inshort、toconclude、tosumup14intheend最后finally、eventually、attheendof15inthebeginning開始atthestartof五、解題流程示范閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofThe

A

to

Z

Guide

to

Raising

Happy

and

Confident

Kids,says,“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.

Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，”saysDonahue,authorofParenting

Without

Fear:Letting

Go

of

Worry

and

Focusing

on

What

Really

Matters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”

Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

[解題流程]本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了如何有效表揚孩子的問題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，論點明確。第1步：初讀語篇找主題句→全文主題句和段落主題句第2步：再精讀→抓關(guān)鍵詞，為組織語言保駕護航1．第一段要點：_____________________________________________2．第二段要點：_______________________3．第三段要點：_____________________________________________4．第四段要點：___________________________________________________________________________________parents,gototheoppositeextreme,toomuchpraisenot,praise,damagingfocuson,nottheoutcome，givepraise，processpraisehiseffort,regardlessof,theoutcome,theamountofeffort,putinto第3步：試改寫→不要全盤照抄原文句子，盡量用自己的語言進行轉(zhuǎn)換表達1．第一段指出：Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtheshiftofparentingfrom__________________to_______________．2．第二段指出：Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbe__________________．beingtoostrictoverpraisingequallydamaging3．第三段指出：Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbe_________andconcentrateon_____________insteadof____________．4．第四段指出：Similarly,theyoughttogivepraisefor___________________________________

intheworkthey'reinvolvedin.sinceretheprocesstheresulthowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvested第4步：再修改→查看各段落要點之間的邏輯關(guān)系和銜接情況，使語篇更連貫____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要點1)However,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids'development.(要點2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheresult.(要點3)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvestedintheworkthey'reinvolvedin.(要點4)PART01第一部分課堂新體驗Writing1閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Withthedevelopmentofthecomputer,virtualreality(虛擬現(xiàn)實)stepsinourlife.Ifsomethingisvirtual,thenitiscreatedbycomputertechnologyandappearsasifitwerereal.VRisacomputersystemwithaspecialheadset(耳機).Whenyouputontheheadset,youwilllookattwotinytelevisionscreens.Theyaresoclosetoyoureyesasifyouseejustonepictureandyouwillbelievethatyouhaveenteredadifferentworld.Inmanysystems,youalsowearspecialgloves.Withtheglovesyoucanreachoutandtouchthingsintheunrealworld.

ThefirstVRgames,whichhavealreadybeensoldaroundtheworld,enableyoutodriveasportscar,flyaplane,orfightanenemy.Inthefuture,itmaybedifficulttotellthevirtualworldofthegamesfromtherealworldoutside.However,VRisnotjustforentertainment.Oneday,delightedchildrenwillbeabletolearnhistorybyvisitingthepyramidsofEgypt.Inaddition,businesseswillbeabletouseVRformanytasks.Pilotwillbeabletopractiseflyingvirtualplanesbeforetheygointotheair.VRcanhelpusimprovetheworldinhundredsofways.

However,somepeoplehavewarnedthattherecouldbedangers.Itmightbedangerousifwedosomethingwrong,orifpeopledonotwanttoreturntorealitybecauseitissaferthanreallife.Besides,wewillforgethowtoliveandworkwithrealpeople.

TherewillbesomeproblemswithVR,asitisnewforus.However,onethingisforsure:VRisheretostay.Getreadytostepintoanotherworld!_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：

Virtualrealityisacomputersystemwithaspecialheadsetandspecialgloves,whichenablespeopletoenteranunrealworld.(要點1)Itcanbeappliedtomanyfields,suchas,entertainment,education,businessandtrainingpilots.(要點2)However,itmightbedangerousifpeopledon'tuseitproperly.(要點3)Inconclusion,nomatterwhatproblemsitbrings,itissuretobepartofpeople'slifeinthenearfuture.(要點4)Writing2閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Somepeopledoubttheaccuracyandreliabilityofthefacialrecognitiontechnology.Theydon'tneedtoworryaboutthat，becausethetechnologyishighlyadvanced.Itcandistinguishahumanfacewithorwithoutglasses.Testsshowithasaprecisionrateofmorethan99percent.

Somearguethatthefingerprintoriris(虹膜)recognitionsystemisperhapsmoreaccuratethanthefacialrecognitionsystem.True，butforirisrecognition，apersonhastoholdhisorherheadstillandlookatthecamera，whichistime-consumingandthusnotsuitableforpublicspacessuchassubwaystations.Andthefingerprintrecognitionsystemisnotsosecure，assomepeoplecancheatthesystembycopyingandusingthefingerprintsofotherpeopletoenterorexitastation.

Facialrecognitionisarathermaturesystem.Afacialrecognitionsystemcollectspeople'sfacialimagesfromdifferentangles,insteadofone,andthereforeminimizesthechanceofcheating.Actually，itisalreadybeingappliedinmanyfieldssuchasunlockingsmartphonesandcomputers.Besides，facialrecognitiontechnologycanalsohelpthepolicetohuntescapedcriminalsinpublicspaces.

However,thelawsaysacitizen'sphotoshouldnotbecollectedforcommercialusewithouthisorherpermission.Toavoidsuchlegalrisks，somemeasuresshouldb