遼寧省大連市2024年高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語試卷

遼寧省大連市2024年高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語試卷姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀理解，第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解GreenLinePerformingArtsCenter329EGarfieldBlvd.Chicago,IL60637UpcomingProgramsInclude:FirstMondayJazzSeries:CrosswindMondayFeb.4｜7—9p.m.FirstMondayJazzisamonthlyeventshoweasinglocalChicagojazzartists.GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTimeSundayFeb.17｜10—11a.m.Bringyourkidstolisten,learn,sing,dance,andinteract!SouthSideStoryTimeisasmallgatheringthatcentresonreadingsforitsyoungattendeesalongwiththechancefortheirparentstosocialize.Opentofamilieswithchildrenofallages.SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories:inCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGraceWednesdayFeb.20|7—8:30p.m.Joinusforaneveningofstorytellingfeaturingthedynamicsinging,IntheSpiritbyEmilyHooperLansana.Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.FamilySaturdays:ArttogetherEvery1stSaturdayoftheMonth|3—5p.m.Exploreyourchild'sartisticcuriositywithhands-onartworksbopsdesignedtostimulatecreativityandplay.Theseinterdisciplinaryworkshopsareexcitingfortheentirefamily,offeringactivitiesfrommusictoartsandcrafts.Cometolearnsomethingnew!Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.Registrationisencouraged.FollowArts+PublicLifeonFacebookformoreeventdetailsandafulllistofallupcomingperformances.1．WhencanpeopleenjoyjazzinFebruary?A．At8p.m.onthefirstMonday.B．At10a.m.onthethirdSunday.C．At7p.m.onthelastWednesday.D．At4p.m.onthefirstSaturday.2．WhatdoweknowaboutSistergirlsandFreedomFighters?A．ItlaststwohoursB．Itisaprize-winningperformance.C．Itcelebrateswomen'sachievementsD．ItisorganizedbyEmilyHooperLansana.3．WhatdoGreenLightSeriesandFamilySaturdayshaveincommon?A．Activitytypes. B．Eventfrequency.C．Targetparticipants D．Registrationrequirements.閱讀理解Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemailorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowherweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestcomfortforagirlofmyage.SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsucker-punchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.Iwrotethosesamekindsofletterslikemymotherforstrangers,andslippedthemalloverthecity.Ibloggedaboutthoselettersandcrazilypromisedifaskedforahand-writtenletter,Iwouldwriteone.Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgavethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.Itisawesome.Infact,thethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeoplewhohavegrownupintoapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenonascreen.WehavelearnedtorecordourpainontoFacebook,andwespeakswiftlyin140charactersorless.Butit'snotaboutefficiency.AndIcouldtellyouaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神創(chuàng)傷)byhiswarexperiencesinAfghanistanandisolatedhimself,andherlovelettersslippedthroughoutthehouseeventuallygothimbacktoher.Oraman,whodecidestotakehisownlife,finallysleepssoundlywithastackoflettersfromstrangersslippedbeneathhispillow.Thescarethekindsofstoriesthatconvincemethatletter-writingwillalwaysbeneededeveninthesedays,becauseitisanartnow.4．Whydidtheauthorshareherexperienceincollege?A．Toshowherattachmenttoletters.B．Toconveyherloveforwritingletters.C．Toprovehowconvenientitwastowriteletters.D．Toindicatehowmuchshecaredforherfamily.5．Whatinspiredtheauthortolaunchtheorganization?A．Theletters'comfortingeffectonpeople.B．HerintentionofprovidingprofessionalaidC．Thepositiveinfluenceofmoderntechnology.D．Hermother'sfearofmoderncommunication.6．Whydoestheauthorthinktheglobalorganizationawesome?A．Digitalgenerationsstillchoosetohandwriteletters.B．PeopleprefertowritestrangerslettersontheInternet.C．Somanypeoplebadlyneedhand-writtenletterstosurvive.D．Peopleposttheirsufferingsandhappinessonsocialmedia.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．FamilyLettersArePricelessB．LoveforWritingNeverDeclinesC．WorldNeedsMoreLoveLettersD．Hand-writtenLettersImproveEfficiency閱讀理解NanakoHamagetsalotofmail,mostlyfromstrangerswholiveinherhomecityofTokyo.Inlightenvelopes,theysendlocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.Peoplegenerateahugeamountofhairwaste.Nearlyallofthatwasteendsupinlandfill,whereitcanreleaseharmfulgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.Buthairpossessesusefulqualitiesthatit'sashametosimplythrowitaway.That'swhypeopleallaroundtheworld,likeHama,havebeencollectinghairandfindinginnovativewaystorecycleit,includingmakingmats(墊子)outofitforremovingoilleaks.HamaispartofthenonprofitMatterofTrust(MoT)membersworkingatmorethan60centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsandindividualsintosquaremats,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil.Hairisparticularlywell-suitedforthis,saysMoTco-founderLisaGautier."That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."MoT'smatshavebeenusedinmajoroilleaks.includingthe2010DeepwaterHorizonand2007CoscoBusanincidents.Ina2018study,Murray,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,inAustraliafoundthatmatsmadeofrecycledhumanhaircouldabsorb0.84gramsofoilontoitssurfaceforeverygramofhair—significantlymorethanpolypropylene(聚丙烯),atypeofplasticthat'stypicallyusedtocleanupfloatingoil.Besides,hairisalsousefulasfertilizer(化肥).Haircontainsarelativelyhighnitrogen(氮),achemicalelementcrucialforplantgrowth,andeachlockofhairismadeofroughly16percentofthisessentialnutrient.Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging."It'sjustagreatwaytousehairinaproductiveway.Hairisananswerliterallyhanginginfrontofoureyes—foroilandsoil,"Hamasays.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Bydetailingthebackground. B．Bypresentingascene.C．Bydescribingthefeedback. D．Bysupportingevidences.9．Whatcanthematmadeofhumanhairdo?A．Fertilizethesoil. B．Preventoilleaks.C．Cleartheseaofoil. D．Takeinharmfulgas.10．Whichqualitiesofhaircontributetoitsinnovativeuse?A．Itscolorandstrength. B．Itslengthandamount.C．Itsweightandflexibility. D．Itsstructureandcomponent.11．Whichbestdescribesthefutureofhairwasterasfertilizer?A．Debatable.B．Applicable.CIrreplaceable.D.Uncontrollable.閱讀理解GermanphysicistAlbertEinsteinisoneofthemostfamousscientistsofalltime,thepersonificationofgeniusandthesubjectofawholeindustryofscholarship.InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity―IsraeliphysicstHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJurgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(厚利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld.BysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone.Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.Hesawhistheoryofrelativitynotassomethingfromscratch,butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists.TheauthorshighlighthowclassicalphysicscannotbeseparatedcleanlyfrommodernEinsteinianphysics.ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(闡述)thetheoryofrelativity.TheEinsteinianRevolutionisanimportantandthought-provokingcontributiontothescholarlyliteratureonEinsteinandhissurprisingscientificcreativitybetween1905and1925.GutfreundandRennmightnothavegiventhefinalanswerastowhyEinstein,ofallpeople,revolutionizedphysicsinthewaythathedid.Buttheyargueinfascinatingdetailthat,tounderstandhisgenius,onemusttakeintoaccountnotjusttheearlierhistoryofphysicsbutalsothehistoryofknowledgemorebroadly.Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike.12．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．AnessayonAlbertEinstein.B．AnintroductiontoabookC．Aguidebooktoacourse.D．Areviewofphysicsdevelopment13．What'stheattitudeofGutfreundandRenntothepopularviewpointonEinstein?A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Dismissive D．Opposing.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"fromscratch"probablymean?A．Uptostandard B．Fromnothing.C．Bylearningfromothers. D．Withpreviousknowledge.15．Whatdoestheauthormeantosaybymentioningthefamousphysicists?A．TheirideaswererejectedbyEinstein.B．TheirdevotiontophysicsimpressedEinstein.C．TheirresearchescontributedtoEinstein'ssuccess.D．Theirhardworkdeservedtheworldwiderespect.二、第二部分，閱讀理解，第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。Problemsolvingskillsareincreasinglyvaluableintheworkplaceandcouldhelpyouachievemoreinyourpersonallifetoo.Here'showtoenhanceyourstrategy.DevelopanalyticalthinkingThekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents.16．.Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements.Improvinganalyticalthinkingrequiresastructuredapproach.Beginbyclearlydefiningtheproblemathand,identifyingitskeycomponentsandrecognizingtheinterconnectionsbetweenthem.Promotecreativity17．Todevelopcreativity,youmustengageinactivitiesthatcanstimulateyourimaginationandformnewideas.Additionally,exposingyourselftodifferentfields,experiencesandculturescanserveasasourceofcreativeproblemsolving.StrengthencommunicationskillsClearandbriefcommunicationisthekeytoeffectiveproblem-solving,actingasthebridgethatconnectsdiverseperspectivesandadjustsindividualstowardacommongoal.Goodcommunicationbeginswiththeartofexpression.Thisneedschoosingtherightwordsandstructuringinformationlogically.Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus.18．.LearnfrommistakesMistakesarenotfailuresbutagoodwaytosuccess.19．.Analyzewhatgoeswrong,identifyareasforimprovementandusethisknowledgetoinformyourfutureproblem-solvingefforts.Itnotonlyacceleratesthelearningprocessbutalsoencouragescollectiveproblem-solvingskills.20．Thejourneytobecominganexpertproblemsolverisanongoingprocessofgrowthandimprovement.Seekingcontinuouslearningopportunitiesensuresthatyoustayaheadofchangingchallengesandacquirethenecessaryskills.Furthermore,networkingwithprofessionalsinyourfieldprovidesagoodwayofsharedlearning.A.StaywellinformedB.SeekcontinuouslearningC.ImprovingitrequiresastructuredapproachD.EachmistakewillgiveyouachancetothinkandlearnE.Out-of-the-boxthinkingisessentialforproblemsolvingF.ThesewillmakesureyourmessageiseasytounderstandG.Itinvolvesnotjusthearingwordsbutunderstandingthedifferences三、第三部分，英語知識運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)，完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere21．a(chǎn)ndexcited.Itwasaclearnight,andmysonAndy'sbaseballteam,whichhad22．a(chǎn)llyear,hadshockedthebetterteamsbymakingittothischampionshipgame.Theatmospherewas23．:theotherteam'sslugger(強(qiáng)擊手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto24．.Nervously,IlookedoutAndy'sway.Iwas25．toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky!Obviouslyhewasn't26．onthegame.Iwashorrifiedthathewouldn'tevenknowtheballwascoming."Comeon,Andy.27．outthere,"Isaidtomyself.Thankgoodnessthebigkidmadeamistake.We(AndyandI)hadbeen28．a(chǎn)ndourteamstillledbyonerun.Andyranuptomeatthe29．.Iwasaboutto30．himwhenhesaidloudly,"Didyouseethatshootingstar?"Andy'seyeswereglowing(發(fā)光)with31．Ipaused."Yes."Isaid."Welloneinning(局)togo.Hitahomerun(全壘打)!Okay!"saidAndy,andheranbacktohis32．.Isuddenlyrealizeditwasnicemysonwouldtaketimeoutto33．thewonderandbeautyinlife.Youmightbesurprisedbythebeautyyoucanfindwhenyouleast34．it.Andyhitatriple(三壘打)inthatlastinningButIstillwishIhad35．thatshootingstar,too.21．A．nervous B．scared C．curious D．a(chǎn)shamed22．A．waited B．struggled C．prayed D．run23．A．electric B．friendly C．casual D．romantic24．A．escape B．erupt C．jump D．strike25．A．a(chǎn)mused B．content C．shocked D．proud26．A．carrying B．focusing C．commenting D．reflecting27．A．Settledown B．StandupC．Wakeup D．Liedown28．A．informed B．punished C．warned D．spared29．A．meeting B．break C．corner D．entrance30．A．blame B．comfort C．entertain D．threaten31．A．a(chǎn)nger B．a(chǎn)nxiety C．excitement D．confidence32．A．teammates B．fans C．parents D．stars33．A．create B．research C．explain D．a(chǎn)ppreciate34．A．need B．expect C．a(chǎn)fford D．suspect35．A．become B．filmed C．seen D．followed四、第三部分，英語知識運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThelanternfairinZigong.SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince,boastsahistoryofmorethan1,000years.TomarktheYear36．theDragon,manyofthelanternsshowtheChinesesignofthezodiac(生肖),buttherearealso37．widevarietyofotherlanterndesignstomeetdifferentneeds.Visitors38．prefertraditionallanternscanfindlanternswithflowersandbirds,andlegendaryfigures,whilelanternswithmodeenpatternssuchascultural39．(trend)andonlinegamesaregainingpopularityamongyoungpeopleInadditiontothe40．(elegance)craftsmanship,moderntechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandartificialintelligencehavealsobeenusedtomakethelanterns41．(nice)andmorevivid.Thelanternshowisalsoacceptingtheconceptofenvironmentalprotection.Asetoflanterns42．(feature)thefamousChinesestatue"BronzeGallopingHorseTreadingonaFlyingSwallow"fromtheEasternHanDynasty(25-220AD)wascreatedbyusing21differentkindsofwastematerials,includingtiresandplastics43．(form)itsoutsidedecorations.Thisyear'sshowwillrununtilJuly30.Thesetsoflanterns44．(update)tokeepupwithothertraditionalChinesefestivals,suchastheQingmingFestivalandtheDragonBoatFestival.VisitorscanalsoenjoyfolkartsandChinesemusicperformancesduring45．(they)lantern-viewingtours.五、第四部分：寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)46．學(xué)校英文報組織同學(xué)們分享你校剛剛舉辦的文化節(jié)活動，請你以此為主題寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：1．簡要描述；2．體驗(yàn)和感受。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。OurCulturalFestivalonCampus47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Michaelsawthetroublecoming.TherestandinginthehallwaywasFrank,theboywhoenjoyedmakingfunofanyoneatanygivenmoment.Frankwastallandstrong,sofewofhisvictimsstooduptohim.MichaelhatedtheideathatFrankalwaysgotawaywithhiswrongdoing.Yetlikemostkidswhowerepickedon,hejusttookitquietlyandwaitedfortheunpleasanttopass.Frankwalkedup,hiseyeslockedonthebooksinMichael'sarms.Whentheymet,Frankstoppedunexpectedly,"Hey,letmeseethosebooks!"SomestudentswatchedasMichaelheldoutthebookshewascarrying,tryingnottogiveawayhisnervousness.Franktookabook,lookedinsideforasecond,andthenthrewthebookatMichael,whodroppedalltheotherbooks."Hey,thoseareschoolproperty,"Frankbarked,"Becareful!"Thenhewalkedaway,laughingloudly.Michael,hischeeksturningred,halfkickedthefallenbooks.Suddenlyahandpickeduponebook."Youlooklikeyoucoulduseapally(盟友),"afriendlyvoicesaid.ItwasRamon,themostathleticboyinthehighschool.Michaelcouldn'tbelieveRamonwasstoppingtohelphimastheybarelyspoke."Thanks,"Michaelsighedwithrelief."It'sconfusing.Idon'tknowwhathisproblemsis.""Well,asIseeit,"Ramonsaid,"youneedtofindawaytoendthis."Michaelnodded,stuckforwhattosay.Ramoncontinued,"YouknowmygrandmotherusedtotellmewheneverIhadaproblemwithsomeone.She'dsay,‘Youcancatchmoreflieswithhoneythanwithvinegar(醋).'"Lookingpuzzled,Michaelasked,"Whatdoesthatmean?""Itmeanskindnessmaybemoreeffectivethananger,"Ramonexplained."CanyoujusttellFranktostoppickingonme?"Michaelsuggested"That'svinegar,"Ramonlaughedashewalkedaway."Tryhoneyinstead."Ramon'swordsleftMichaelthinking.ThenextschooldaybroughtMichael'susualpain.TherestoodFrank,andMichaelknewitwouldbejustsecondsbeforehehadtofacehiminthemiddleofthehall.Frankcamenearer.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右；（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Then,suddenly,theunexpectedhappened.……MichaelbentdownandquicklypickedupFrank'sbooksonthefloor.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了一個演藝中心舉辦的幾個活動的信息。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題一種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind部分的"MondayFeb4|7-9pm(二月四號星期一晚上7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn))"可知，2月的第一個星期一晚上8點(diǎn)可以聽爵士樂。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:StoriesinCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGrace部分的"Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.(從民間女英雄到諾貝爾和平獎得主，此次演出將突出展示女性創(chuàng)造力和政治天賦的一系列故事。)"可知，SistergirlsandFreedomFighters慶祝女性的成就。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTime部分的"SouthSideStoryTimeisasmallgatheringthatcentresonreadingsforitsyoungattendeesalongwiththechancefortheirparentstosocialize.(南城故事時間是一個小型聚會，主要為年輕的參加者朗讀，同時為他們的父母提供社交機(jī)會。)"以及FamilySaturdays:Arttogether部分的"Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.(適合有孩子的家庭)"可知，它們的共同特點(diǎn)是目標(biāo)參與者相同。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A5．A6．A7．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在大學(xué)時期經(jīng)常在郵箱旁等待媽媽寄給自己的最溫暖的信件，這讓作者對紙質(zhì)信件有著深刻的情結(jié)，在搬去紐約之后作者非常沮喪，于是作者開始給陌生人寫信，發(fā)起了"世界需要更多愛的信件"行動，給人們提供精神和情感上的支持。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進(jìn)行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析即對文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關(guān)系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemailorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowherweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestcomfortforagirlofmyage.(我是大學(xué)里唯一一個有理由去郵箱的孩子，因?yàn)槲覌寢審膩聿幌嘈烹娮余]件和手機(jī)。我真的在等著收到一封信，看看她周末過得怎么樣，這對我這個年紀(jì)的女孩來說通常是最溫暖的安慰)"和第二段"SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsucker-punchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.(所以當(dāng)我搬到紐約被抑郁癥打臉的時候，我做了我唯一能想到的事)"可知，作者分享給她在大學(xué)時期的經(jīng)歷是為了表達(dá)她對信件的深刻情結(jié)。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgavethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.(一夜之間，我的收件箱變成了心碎的港灣——薩克拉門托的單身母親，堪薩斯州一個被欺負(fù)的女孩，一個22歲的移民，都讓我給他們寫信，并給他們一個在郵箱旁等待的理由。這就是我在這些前往郵箱的活動的推動下如何發(fā)起了一個全球性的組織)"可知，這些信件給人們帶來的安慰作用激勵了作者發(fā)起了這個組織。故選A。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.(這就是我在這些前往郵箱的活動的推動下如何發(fā)起了一個全球性的組織)"和文章第四段"Itisawesome.Infact,thethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeoplewhohavegrownupintoapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenonascreen.WehavelearnedtorecordourpainontoFacebook,andwespeakswiftlyin140charactersorless.(太棒了。事實(shí)上，這些信件中的大多數(shù)都是由那些已經(jīng)成長為一個無紙化世界的人寫的，在這個世界里，一些最好的對話發(fā)生在屏幕上。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會在Facebook上記錄我們的痛苦，我們用140個字符或更少的字符迅速地說話)"可推知，作者認(rèn)為這個全球組織很棒，因?yàn)閿?shù)字一代仍然選擇手寫信件。故選A。7．主旨大意題。文章講述了作者在大學(xué)時期經(jīng)常在郵箱旁等待媽媽寄給自己的最溫暖的信件，這讓作者對紙質(zhì)信件有著深刻的情結(jié)，在搬去紐約之后作者非常沮喪，于是作者開始給陌生人寫信，發(fā)起了"世界需要更多愛的信件"行動，給人們提供精神和情感上的支持。由此可知，C項(xiàng)：WorldNeedsMoreLoveLetters(世界需要更多的愛的信件)符合題意。故選C。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了東京市民NanakoHama回收頭發(fā)，制作成吸附油污的墊子或制成含氮肥料，助力環(huán)保。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"NanakoHamagetsalotofmail,mostlyfromstrangerswholiveinherhomecityofTokyo.Inlightenvelopes,theysendlocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.(NanakoHama收到大量郵件，多來自居住在她家鄉(xiāng)東京的陌生人。他們寄來裝在薄信封里的頭發(fā)，希望能將其回收利用)"可知，作者在第一段通過描繪一個場景來引入主題。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"HamaispartofthenonprofitMatterofTrust(MoT)membersworkingatmorethan60centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsandindividualsintosquaremats,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil.(哈馬是非營利組織信托事務(wù)(MoT)的一員，該組織成員分布在17個國家的60多個中心工作，使用機(jī)器將當(dāng)?shù)厣除埡蛡€人捐贈的頭發(fā)制成方形墊子，然后用于清理漂浮的油脂)"可知，由人類頭發(fā)制成的墊子能清除海上的油污。故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段"Hairisparticularlywell-suitedforthis,saysMoTco-founderLisaGautier."That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."(MoT聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人LisaGautier說，頭發(fā)特別適合這個，"這是因?yàn)樗植诘耐鈱訒層驼吃谏厦?)"可知，頭發(fā)的結(jié)構(gòu)和成分有助于其創(chuàng)新的用途。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging.(去年，超過560加侖由人類頭發(fā)制成的液體肥料出售給了坦桑尼亞北部的農(nóng)民，從農(nóng)民那里得到的反饋非常令人鼓舞)"可知，頭發(fā)廢料作為肥料的未來前景是可應(yīng)用的。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．B13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹和評價一本關(guān)于愛因斯坦及其相對論的書《愛因斯坦革命》。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及推理判斷題和詞義猜測題兩種題型。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構(gòu)詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關(guān)系來推測詞義。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中"InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity―IsraeliphysicstHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJurgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(厚利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld."（在《愛因斯坦革命》一書中，兩位研究愛因斯坦生平和相對論的專家——以色列物理學(xué)家哈諾赫·古特弗羅因德和德國科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家于爾根·雷恩——對愛因斯坦對物理學(xué)的革命性貢獻(xiàn)以及我們對物理世界的看法進(jìn)行了獨(dú)到而深入的分析。）、第三段中"Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast."（正如書中的大部分內(nèi)容所解釋的那樣，愛因斯坦通常認(rèn)為，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步是通過穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)化，而不是通過與過去的革命性突破。）以及最后一段中"Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike."（雖然讀起來并不容易，但這本書會引起物理學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家的興趣。）可知，全文都是圍繞這本書來寫的，所以文章最有可能是來自一本書的介紹。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"BysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone."（通過將愛因斯坦的工作置于科學(xué)知識發(fā)展的漫長過程中，古特弗羅因德和雷恩發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個普遍的誤解，即愛因斯坦是一個非傳統(tǒng)的科學(xué)天才，僅憑思想就獨(dú)力創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)。）可推知，他們倆對普遍關(guān)于愛因斯坦的觀點(diǎn)持反對態(tài)度。故選D。14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞上文"Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast."（愛因斯坦通常認(rèn)為，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步是通過穩(wěn)定的進(jìn)化，而不是通過與過去的革命性突破。）以及下文"butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists."（而是經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的自然延伸，這些經(jīng)典物理學(xué)是由意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略·伽利萊和英國物理學(xué)家艾薩克·牛頓等先驅(qū)者在16世紀(jì)和17世紀(jì)以及19世紀(jì)的物理學(xué)家提出的。）由此可知，此處為他認(rèn)為他的相對論不是從零開始的。故可猜測劃線短語fromscratch為"從頭開始"的意思，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)Fromnothing"從無到有，從零開始"意思一致。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中"ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(闡述)thetheoryofrelativity."（這本書還包括波蘭天文學(xué)家尼古拉·哥白尼和伽利略的大量章節(jié)，他們的方法啟發(fā)了愛因斯坦。當(dāng)愛因斯坦認(rèn)為自己站在他們的肩膀上時，他的意思是，如果沒有他們的貢獻(xiàn)，他就不會提出相對論。）可推知，作者提到這位著名的物理學(xué)家是為了說明這些物理學(xué)家的研究促成了愛因斯坦的成功。故選C?！敬鸢浮?6．C；17．E；18．G；19．D；20．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。解決問題的能力在職場中越來越有價值，也可以幫助你在個人生活中取得更多成就。以下是如何提高這一能力的策略。

【點(diǎn)評】考查任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡(luò)，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)?？梢詮囊馑?、關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。七選五解題的一些實(shí)用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內(nèi)容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個選項(xiàng)的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對該段的總結(jié)或結(jié)論。因此，關(guān)注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。在選擇答案時，要仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，尋找與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的線索和信息，如關(guān)聯(lián)詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時，也要根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當(dāng)面對多個選項(xiàng)時，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項(xiàng)，然后再根據(jù)剩余選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較和選擇。16．根據(jù)上文"Thekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents."（有效解決問題的關(guān)鍵是將復(fù)雜問題分解成更小、更易于管理的組件的能力。）根據(jù)下文"Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements."（這涉及到系統(tǒng)地解構(gòu)一個問題，了解其差異，并確定其各種要素之間的關(guān)系。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上下文說明要找到合理的方法。故C選項(xiàng)"改進(jìn)它需要一種結(jié)構(gòu)化的方法"切題。故選C。17．根據(jù)標(biāo)題"Promotecreativity"（提高創(chuàng)造力）。可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明創(chuàng)新思維的重要性。故E選項(xiàng)"創(chuàng)新思維對于解決問題至關(guān)重要"。故選E。18．根據(jù)上文"Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus."（另一方面，積極傾聽是一種集中注意力接受信息的技能）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明傾聽的內(nèi)涵。故G選項(xiàng)"它不僅包括聽單詞，還包括理解不同之處。"切題。故選G。19．根據(jù)上文"Mi