中檔題型高分練(08)閱讀理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中檔題型高分練（三）閱讀理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.閱讀理解CAnewstudyledbytheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolhasfoundthatclimate-impactlabelingonasamplefastfoodmenusignificantlyinfluencedpeople’sfoodchoicesinfavorofmoreclimate-friendlyitems,suchasvegetariandiet,chicken,orfishdishes.Theresearchersenrolledover5,000onlineparticipantsandpresentedthemasamplemenuresemblingafastfoodmenuandaskedthemtochooseasingleitemforameal.Whileonegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemslikesaladsorchickensandwicheslabeled“l(fā)owclimateimpact”,anotheronereceivedamenuwithredmeatitems,suchasbeefburgers,labeled“highclimateimpact.”Finally,athirdcontrolgroupreceivedamenuwithQRcodesonallitemsbutnoclimatelabels.Theanalysisrevealedthatboththehighandlowclimate-impactlabelssignificantlyreducedredmeatselectionscomparedtothecontrolgroup.Thehighclimate-impactlabelshadastrongeffect,increasingnon-beefchoicesby23percentcomparedtojust10percentinthecaseofmenusincludinglowclimate-impactlabels.“Theseresultssuggestthatmenulabeling,particularlylabelswarningthatanitemhashighclimateimpact,canbeaneffectivestrategyforencouragingmoresustainablefoodchoicesinafastfoodsetting,”saidthestudyleadauthorJuliaWolfson,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofInternationalHeathattheBloombergSchool.Besides,participantswerealsoaskedtoratehowhealthytheybelievedtheitemtheyorderedwas,andthosewhoselectedamoresustainableitemperceivedtheirchoicetobehealthiercomparedtothosewhoselectedaredmeatitem.Sinceredmeatconsumptionhasbeenlinkedtoavarietyofhealthissues,includingcolorectal(結(jié)腸的)cancerandtype2diabetes(糖尿病),thetypeofclimate-impactlabelingcouldprovehighlyeffectiveinpreventingillness.However,astheresearcherswarn,climate-impactlabelsmayalsohavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.“Welookforlabelingstrategiesthatcreate‘win-wins’forpromotingbothmoresustainableandhealthierchoices,”Wolfsonconcluded.1．Whatisthefindingofthestudy?A．Redmeatconsumptioniscloselylinkedtoclimatelabeling.B．Climate-impactlabelsaregainingpopularityworldwide.C．Climate-impactlabelinginfluencespeople’sfoodselection.D．Menulabelingcontributestolesssustainablefoodchoices.2．Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?A．Bycitingexamples.B．Bygroupexperimenting.C．Byprovidingexplanations.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perceived”meaninParagraph5?A．Detected. B．Required. C．Urged. D．Considered.4．What’stheresearchers’attitudetowardsclimate-impactlabeling?A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種獨(dú)特的商品標(biāo)簽法可以極大地影響人們的飲食選擇，從而達(dá)到保護(hù)環(huán)境和健康飲食“雙贏”的結(jié)果。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewstudyledbytheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolhasfoundthatclimate-impactlabelingonasamplefastfoodmenusignificantlyinfluencedpeople’sfoodchoicesinfavorofmoreclimate-friendlyitems

(約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)布隆伯格學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，快餐菜單樣本上的氣候影響標(biāo)簽顯著影響了人們對(duì)食物的選擇，使人們更傾向于選擇更氣候友好的食物)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在菜單上添加氣候影響標(biāo)簽這一做法會(huì)極大影響人們對(duì)食物的選擇。故選C項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Whileonegroupofparticipantsreceivedamenuwithnon-redmeatitemslikesaladsorchickensandwicheslabeled“l(fā)owclimateimpact”,anotheronereceivedamenuwithredmeatitems,suchasbeefburgers,labeled“highclimateimpact.”

Finally,athirdcontrolgroupreceivedamenuwithQRcodesonallitemsbutnoclimatelabels.(一組參與者收到的菜單上沒(méi)有紅肉，比如標(biāo)有“低氣候影響”的沙拉或雞肉三明治；另一組參與者收到的菜單上有紅肉，比如標(biāo)有“高氣候影響”的牛肉漢堡。最后，第三組對(duì)照組收到的菜單上所有菜品都有二維碼，但沒(méi)有氣候標(biāo)簽)”可知，研究人員把招募的5000多名志愿者分三組進(jìn)行小組對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)，所以這項(xiàng)研究通過(guò)小組實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行的。故選B項(xiàng)。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“participantswerealsoaskedtoratehowhealthytheybelievedtheitemtheyorderedwas(參與者還被要求對(duì)他們所點(diǎn)的食物的健康程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估)”可知參與者被問(wèn)及他們對(duì)所點(diǎn)的食物的看法，所以劃線詞后“theirchoicetobehealthiercomparedtothosewhoselectedaredmeatitem.”是參與者的回答，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，動(dòng)詞perceive與consider同義，表示“認(rèn)為”。故選D項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“thetypeofclimate-impactlabelingcouldprovehighlyeffectiveinpreventingillness.However,astheresearcherswarn,climate-impactlabelsmayalsohavetheunwantedsideeffectofmakingachoiceseemhealthierthanitactuallyis.(這種類型的氣候影響標(biāo)簽在預(yù)防疾病方面可能非常有效。然而，正如研究人員警告的那樣，氣候影響標(biāo)簽也可能產(chǎn)生不必要的副作用，使選擇看起來(lái)比實(shí)際更健康)”可知，作者表明產(chǎn)品標(biāo)注氣候影響標(biāo)簽在預(yù)防疾病方面有成效，不過(guò)，它可能產(chǎn)生不必要的副作用。由此判斷作者對(duì)于這種標(biāo)注方法的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。DAnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.ThefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”ToinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因組)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A．Stimulate. B．Renew. C．Pursue. D．Interrupt.6．Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A．WhattheAmazon’sbiodiversityindicates. B．HowtheAmazon’sbiodiversitywasformed.C．WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity. D．WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.7．WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher’swords?A．TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B．RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C．MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D．RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon’sbiodiversity.8．WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A．Thelocationofrivermovement. B．Thepopulationsofbirds.C．Thespeedofrivermovement. D．Theamountofthegenomes.【答案】5．A

6．B

7．D

8．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了亞馬遜河流流動(dòng)對(duì)該地區(qū)生物多樣性的貢獻(xiàn)。5．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線處上文“AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.(一項(xiàng)針對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類的新研究調(diào)查了亞馬遜河的流動(dòng)是如何促成該地區(qū)非凡的生物多樣性的。)”和劃線單詞所在句子“Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.(由美國(guó)自然歷史博物館領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，小型河流系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)生變化，從而spur新物種的進(jìn)化。)”可知，亞馬遜河的流動(dòng)促成該地區(qū)非凡的生物多樣性，這說(shuō)明小型河流系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)生變化，從而刺激新物種的進(jìn)化，由此可知，spur可以解釋稱導(dǎo)致、引起，再往深一點(diǎn)是刺激了物種的進(jìn)化。A.Stimulate刺激；B.Renew翻新、更新；A.Pursue追求；D.Interrupt打斷。故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，研究人員一直想知道并激烈爭(zhēng)論亞馬遜豐富的生物多樣性是如何產(chǎn)生和積累的。)”可知，調(diào)查者們正在爭(zhēng)論的是亞馬遜河流豐富的生物多樣性是如何形成并累積的，故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher."Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”(該研究的主要作者盧卡斯·穆舍說(shuō)：“阿爾弗雷德·拉塞爾·華萊士等早期進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家注意到，亞馬遜河兩岸的許多靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類物種不同?！薄按送?，越來(lái)越多的地質(zhì)證據(jù)表明，這些河流是高度動(dòng)態(tài)的，在相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，在數(shù)千年或數(shù)萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，在南美洲的景觀中流動(dòng)。”)”LukasMusher將這兩件事關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)，他認(rèn)為是亞馬遜河的流動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了河兩岸豐富的生物多樣性，故選D。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.(當(dāng)河流快速重新排列時(shí)，兩邊的鳥(niǎo)類種群在它們有時(shí)間變化之前就會(huì)結(jié)合在一起；當(dāng)河流變化緩慢時(shí)，物種有更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間互相分化。)”可知高速的河流會(huì)導(dǎo)致物種組合，低速的河流會(huì)導(dǎo)致物種的差距越來(lái)越大。所以，影響鳥(niǎo)類種類改變的因素是河流的流速，故選C。II.完形填空Iwas40,withtwoadorablechildrenandacaringhusband.AndI’menjoyingachallengingbut____9____career.Althoughthisis“success”,sometimesIfeelmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.Thechaosofthefamilykitchenwas____10____:thenoiseofthekettle,potsanddishes,andtheconversation____11____whileI’mmakingbreakfast.Iescaped____12____tomybedroom.OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis____13____fromthechildrenandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.So,Ijourneyed,forthefirsttimeinadecade,withoutmyhusbandorkids.Iwentwithafriendto____14____inIceland.Ihopedtheconsiderationofwalkingwouldhelpmebetter____15____whoIwantedtobe.For6days,Iwasabsorbedinwildsceneryandrealweather.ThemountainsinIcelandriseblackandtallintotheheavensagainstthewhitesnow.Lookingoutsideatwildwindandrainandknowingthere’snodecisiontomake____16____thesoul.Climbingamountainagainstsheetsofrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemeal____17____mehowlittleIactuallyneededandhowstrongIfelt_____18_____uncomfortable.Ifound_____19_____inIceland,andtimetoconsider“theme”outsidecareerandkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangerswithno_____20_____pastandnoexpectedfuture.WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened,Iwassurprisedathowmy_____21_____changed—Ibecamemoregenerous.Ilearnedgenerositycan_____22_____morespaceandmorewarmth_____23_____whentheremaynotseemenoughtogoaroundatfirstglance.Icamehometo_____24_____,chaosandlove.Iknowtheanswerisn’twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountainorinsidemyhead,however_____25_____Itrytohear;anditisn’tinconversationswithotherseekingsouls.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyownlife’s_____26_____.I’mnotfindingmyself,butI’mcreatingmyself.IneedthestormasmuchasIneedthequietness._____27_____isbuiltunderaheavyload.I’mexpectingtopickupallofmyloadsandtravel_____28_____.9．A．disastrous B．fun C．dull D．tough10．A．comforting B．a(chǎn)pproving C．disturbing D．a(chǎn)ppealing11．A．demands B．solutions C．a(chǎn)ssumptions D．references12．A．originally B．a(chǎn)pparently C．potentially D．briefly13．A．separate B．a(chǎn)ccessible C．different D．mixed14．A．volunteer B．hike C．settle D．wander15．A．understand B．picture C．suppose D．question16．A．trapped B．replaced C．freed D．drove17．A．warned B．reminded C．consulted D．promised18．A．a(chǎn)sif B．eventhough C．so D．when19．A．confidence B．value C．silence D．happiness20．A．shared B．painful C．troubled D．glorious21．A．concern B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．life D．a(chǎn)ppearance22．A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．shoulder C．launch D．create23．A．indeed B．just C．only D．even24．A．doubt B．noise C．peace D．experience25．A．specifically B．casually C．hard D．randomly26．A．design B．pattern C．path D．belief27．A．Pleasure B．Strength C．Spirit D．Pressure28．A．a(chǎn)side B．off C．back D．on【答案】9．B

10．C

11．A

12．D

13．A

14．B

15．A

16．C

17．B

18．D

19．C

20．A

21．B

22．D

23．D

24．B

25．C

26．C

27．B

28．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述一個(gè)40歲的女士，因?yàn)榧彝╇s的家務(wù)和家人的嘈雜使得她想逃離，于是她就為了更好的去了解自己想做什么樣的人，就和朋友一起去徒步旅行。9．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很喜歡這份有挑戰(zhàn)又有趣的工作。A.disastrous災(zāi)難的；B.fun有趣的；C.dull枯燥的；D.tough艱難的。根據(jù)上文“I’menjoyingachallengingbut”可知，下文要用和challenging相反的意思的形容詞來(lái)描述作者對(duì)她的工作的態(tài)度，作者很喜歡的工作，應(yīng)該是很有趣的。故選B。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：家庭廚房的混亂令人不安：水壺、鍋碗瓢盆的聲音，以及我做早餐時(shí)的談話要求。A.comforting令人安慰的；B.approving支持的；C.disturbing令人不安的；D.appealing吸引人的。根據(jù)下文“Iescaped4tomybedroom.OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis5fromthechildrenandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.”可知，作者不喜歡這樣的生活狀況，所以廚房里的混亂令她不安。故選C。11．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：見(jiàn)第2題詳解。A.demands需求，要求；B.solutions解決；C.assumptions假設(shè)；D.references參考。根據(jù)下文“OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheself”可知，作者想要安靜，說(shuō)明她平時(shí)得不到安靜，所以她生活中應(yīng)該是對(duì)談話有要求。故選A。12．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我只能短時(shí)間地逃到我的臥室。A.originally原始地；B.apparently明顯地；C.potentially潛在地；D.briefly短時(shí)間地。根據(jù)下文“tomybedroom”可知，作者逃到她的臥室來(lái)遠(yuǎn)離令人不安的家庭瑣事只是暫時(shí)的行為。故選D。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：只有在沉默中，我才能承受與孩子們分離的自我，并想知道那個(gè)人可能是誰(shuí)。A.separate分離的；B.accessible可到達(dá)的；C.different不同的；D.mixed混合的。根據(jù)下文“wonderwhothatpersonmightbe”可知，此處是指脫離孩子們作者是一個(gè)什么樣的人。故選A。14．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我和一個(gè)朋友去冰島徒步旅行。A.volunteer自愿；B.hike徒步；C.settle定居；D.wander漫步。根據(jù)下文“Ihopedtheconsiderationofwalkingwouldhelpme”可知，作者是在那里徒步旅行。故選B。15．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望對(duì)走路的考慮能幫助我更好地了解我想成為什么樣的人。A.understand了解，理解；B.picture描繪；C.suppose假設(shè)；D.question問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上文“wonderwhothatpersonmightbe”可知，作者一直想知道自己離開(kāi)了家人會(huì)成為什么樣的人，所以在外旅游期間就可以好好的思考并了解一下。故選A。16．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：看著外面的狂風(fēng)暴雨，并知道不需要做決定，我的靈魂得到了釋放。A.trapped設(shè)陷阱；B.replaced代替；C.freed釋放；D.drove開(kāi)車。根據(jù)上文“Lookingoutsideatwildwindandrainandknowingthere’snodecisiontomake”可知，作者的狀態(tài)是很放松的，所以是釋放了靈魂，讓靈魂自由了。故選C。17．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：頂著大雨爬山，回到帳篷里吃一頓簡(jiǎn)單的飯，提醒我，我實(shí)際上需要的是多么的少，當(dāng)我不舒服的時(shí)候，我感覺(jué)自己多么的強(qiáng)大。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.consulted咨詢；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)下文“howlittleIactuallyneededandhowstrongIfelt10uncomfortable.”可知，這是作者意識(shí)到的內(nèi)容，就好像是在提醒她自己。故選B。18．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：見(jiàn)第9題詳解。A.asif好像；B.eventhough盡管；C.so因此；D.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候。根據(jù)上文“howstrongIfelt”可知，這是作者在她自己不舒服的時(shí)候的感受。故選D。19．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在冰島找到了寧?kù)o，有時(shí)間去思考除了事業(yè)和孩子之外的“我”，與沒(méi)有共同過(guò)去和未來(lái)的陌生人分享故事。A.confidence自信；B.value價(jià)值；C.silence沉默，寂靜；D.happiness快樂(lè)。根據(jù)上文“OnlyinsilencedoIbeartheselfthatis5fromthechildrenand.”可知，作者一直想要尋找的就是這份安靜。故選C。20．考查形容詞詞義辨析