天津?qū)０娓呖加⒄Z二輪復(fù)習專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練4時文報道講義

題組4時文報道專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓(xùn)練A(2017·天津一中4月考)Rome，ParisandNewYorkaretheworld’stopfashioncities，allofwhichhaveproducedsomeofthetoptrends，fromfashionableskirtstothehottestnewshoes.Buthaveyoueverwonderedaboutthenegativeideasthattheyhaveenforced?InApril2016，theAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(ASA)inBritainbannedanadfromGuccithatfeaturedmodelsdancingaroundandhavingfun，becausetheywereallextremelyskinny.Banningadsduetothemodels’extremefiguresisn’tnew.TheASAbannedanadin2015forthesamereason.InFrance，ithasbeenruledthatmodelsaretoprovideadoctor’snoteprovingthattheyareatahealthyweight.Sowhatisthehealthyweightformodels？Twentyyearsago，theaveragefashionmodelweighed8%lessthantheaveragewoman.Today，theyweigh23%less.Peoplemaythinkthatbeingatanunhealthyweightwillhelpthemgainthebenefitsthatthemodelsdo.Thisprovidesastandardforbeauty，andthereforepeoplewhowanttoachievethosethingsmayattempttoobtainthemthroughunhealthyways.Peoplemaythinktheyareoverweight，duetotheimagesofmodels’thinfigures.Theyseesomethingwrongwiththeirbodies，

whethertheyareoverweightornot.Thisisakeyfactorinaloweredbodyimage，lowself-esteem，depressionandpossiblyeveneatingdisorders.I’mnotblamingthefashionindustrybyanymeans.It’snottheirfaultthatmanypeoplelookuptothemodelsandexpecttolivealifeliketheirs.IamgladthatASAisraisingitsvoiceswhendiscussingthegrowingissueofbodyimagesinthefashionindustry.Bybanningthephotosandvideos，speakingoutagainstthemandpushingfordoctors’notesfromthemodels，it’spushingfortheideathatthetraditionalfashionindustry’sbodyimagedemandsshouldbechangedandsomethingmoreneedstobequestioned.語篇解讀模特極瘦的形象帶來了很多負面影響，英國廣告標準局禁播了一條Gucci的時裝廣告，希望由此能樹立模特身體形象新標準。1.OneofGucci’sadswasbannedmainlybecause

.A.itsmodelsaremuchtoothinB.noneofitsmodelshadadoctor’snoteC.modelsdidn’tactaccordingtotherulesD.itsmodelsweredancinginanunhealthyway解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“InApril2016，theAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(ASA)inBritainbanned...，becausetheywereallextremelyskinny.”可知，2016年4月，英國廣告標準局(ASA)因模特太瘦從而禁播了一條

Gucci的時裝廣告，故選A?！檀鸢附馕?3145解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段提供的數(shù)字分析可知，與二十年前時裝模特的平均體重相比，今天她們的平均體重變得更輕了，從而說明了：隨著時間的推移，模特們變得越來越瘦了，故選C。2.ThenumbersmentionedinParagraph3showthat

.A.peopledon’tknowwhymodelsweighlessB.manywomenareonadiettobecomemodelsC.modelsarebecomingthinnerwithtimegoingbyD.thehealthyweightformodelshasn’tbeendecided√答案解析214533.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlyshow?A.Thenegativeeffectsofmodels’images.B.People’sattitudetowardsmodels’images.C.Thebenefitsofbecomingthinfigures.D.Thechangesinthestandardofbeauty.√答案解析21453解析段落大意題。文中第四段主要講述了模特極瘦的形象對人們造成的一些不好的影響，如一些人可能會認為不健康的體重會幫助他們獲取模特們所獲得的一些利益。由于人們將模特不健康的體重作為審美的標準，所以不管自己是否超重，他們總覺得自己的身體有問題，因此，這就使得他們損毀了身體形象，變得缺少自尊心，得了抑郁癥，甚至可能造成飲食失調(diào)，故選A。214534.ThepossiblepurposeoftheASA’smeasuresisto

.A.changethefortunemodelsarefacedwithB.setupnewstandardsofmodels’bodyimagesC.criticizethetraditionalstandardsformodelsD.encouragemorepeopletolivealifelikemodels解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段講到了模特極瘦的形象所帶來的負面影響可知，英國廣告標準局(ASA)采取措施的可能目的是：改變模特極瘦的身體形象，即樹立模特身體形象新標準，故選B?！檀鸢附馕?14535.Whatistheauthor’stoneofwritingthispassage?A.Critical. B.Humorous.C.Objective. D.Hopeful.解析觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文以及根據(jù)最后一段中的“I’mnotblamingthefashionindustrybyanymeans.(我并不是在指責時裝界。)”可知，作者報道的是實際存在的現(xiàn)象，故作者是以客觀的口吻來撰寫這篇文章的，故選C?！檀鸢附馕?1453B(2017·五校聯(lián)考二模)KhanLabSchoolinSiliconValleyisbringingbacktheone-roommodeltoteachyoungstudentsinMountainView，California.Theschoolisalaboratoryforanexperimentalkindoflearning.Studentsaged5to15attendtheexperimentalKhanLabSchool.Ithasnogradelevelsandnohomework.Thestudentsareinschoolfrom8：30inthemorninguntilsixo’clockatnight.Andtheschoolisopenallyearlongwithsmallbreakshereandthere.TheschoolistheideaofSalmanKhan，thefounderofKhanAcademy—famousforitsonlineeducationalvideosfreeofcharge.KhansaidhestartedKhanLabSchoolbecausehethinksthecurrenteducationsystemhasproblems.Hehopestocreateabetterlearningmodel.Hesaidthissystemletstheolderstudentstakeresponsibilityandhelpyoungerstudents.Thatmeanstheyoungerchildrengetalotofhelp.Theygetthehelpoftheteachersandtheolderstudents.Meanwhile，studentsalsolearnthestudymaterialsattheirownspeedthroughvideos.Andtheygetmoreattentionthroughone-on-onediscussionswithteachers.Theyalsolearnbydoingprojects.Theschool’sdirector，DominicLiechti，saidthiswayoflearningbetterpreparesstudentsforthefuture.Hesaidthedutiesofateacherneedtochangefromleadingtheclasstobeingsomeonewhoguidesstudentsintheirlearning，andprovidesindividualsupport.Ateacherisalsoalife-longlearner，hesaid，notjustsomeonewhogivespresentations.Twelve-year-oldgirl，Mishal

Junaid，expressedherexperience：“WhenIwakeupinthemorning，Iwanttowakeup，unlikemylastschoolwhereIwanttosleepandnotgotoschool...”語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報道類文章。主要講了當國內(nèi)創(chuàng)業(yè)者都爭相通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)解決教育行業(yè)存在的問題時，硅谷的先驅(qū)者們卻開始辦起了線下學校。解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Hehopestocreateabetterlearningmodel.”可知，Khan希望創(chuàng)造一個更好的學習模式，故選B。6.WhydidSalmanKhansetuptheschool?A.TointroduceMountainView.B.Tocreateabetterlearningmodel.C.Toreformcurrenteducationsystem.D.Toapplyhisonlineeducationalvideos.√答案解析7869107.What’stheuniquefeatureofLabSchool?A.Itpreparesstudentsfortheirfuture.B.Studentsperformbetterinthetests.C.Studentsdon’tbelongtoacertaingrade.D.Itcallsonteacherstocaremoreaboutstudents.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Ithasnogradelevelsandnohomework.”可知，這個學校沒有分年級，也沒有作業(yè)，故選C?！檀鸢附馕?86910解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句“Meanwhile，studentsalsolearnthestudymaterialsattheirownspeedthroughvideos.”可知，學生按照自己的速度通過錄像學習，故選D。8.InLabSchool，weknowstudentscan

.A.giveadvicetoolderstudentsB.discusswiththeteachersatanytimeC.teachthemselveswhattheylikeD.learnaccordingtotheirowncase√答案解析7869109.Whatdoweknowabouttheteachersinthisschool?A.Theyprovidesupportprivately.B.Theyneedtolearnconstantly.C.Theyshouldn’tgivepresentations.D.Theyneedtobetrainedasguides.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Ateacherisalsoalife-longlearner，hesaid，notjustsomeonewhogivespresentations.”可知，老師是一個終身學習者，不僅僅是給學生呈現(xiàn)知識，故選B。√答案解析78691010.Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentencefromthelastparagraph?A.Thegirlhasgrownup.B.Thegirloftenmissesclasses.C.Theschoolisappealingtothegirl.D.Theschoollooksdifferentfromothers.解析句意猜測題。根據(jù)畫線句子可知，女孩愿意早起去上學，而不是像在原來的學校一樣不愿意醒來，不愿意去上學，也就是說這個新學校對她有吸引力，故選C?！檀鸢附馕?86910C(2017·天津十二所重點中學聯(lián)考)Greatwhitesharks，theworld’slargestpredatory(食肉的)fish，eatthreetofourtimesmorefoodthanpreviouslythought，anAustralianstudyshows.TheU.S.researchfromthe1980sestimatedamealof30kilogramscouldmakeaone-tonsharkcontinuelivingformorethansixweeks.Thatmadeassumptionsthatlargesharkscouldsurvivelongperiodswithouteating.However，aUniversityofTasmania-ledstudypublishedthisweekinScientific

Reportsfoundthat30kgwasonlyenoughfor12～15days.Researcherstagged(給……附上標簽)adozengreatwhitesharksatNeptuneIslandsoffSouthAustraliaandcalculatedtheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratebasedonswimmingspeeds.Theyworkedouthowmuchenergythesharksburnedandhowmuchfoodtheyrequired.

“Theirmetabolicrateisfasterthanweassumed.”Jayson

Semmenswastheleadauthoronthestudy.Hesaid，“They(U.S.researchers)pickedasharkthatprobablywasn’tworkingveryhardatthetimewhentheydidit.Atthetimeitwasanewstudy.Theydidsomemetabolicworksimilartowhatwedidbutononeshark.”“Thewhitesharks，whichwetagged，areworkingprettyhard.They’recominguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals，”

hesaid.“Theirmetabolicrateismuchfasterthanwhatwehadassumed.Theseanimalsareprobablygoingtobefeedingeveryday，ratherthanseveralweeks.”Theresearchalsosoughttoimproveunderstandingofhowsharksfitintotheoceanecosystem.“Wedon’thaveagoodhandleonthepopulationsizesofwhitesharks.Weknowthatsharksingeneralareunderpressurearoundtheworldfromoverfishing，”

Semmens

said.“Furthermore，they’relong-lived.Theyreproducelateintheirlifeandtheyproduceasmallnumberofbabies.”Semmenssaidtheeffectsofremovingwhitesharksfromtheoceanwerethusfarmoreimportantthanrealized.“They’rekeepingundercontrolalotmoreanimalsthanwethought，”

hesaid.語篇解讀大白鯊是世界上最大的食肉性魚類。本文介紹了一項關(guān)于大白鯊的最新研究。解析細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Thatmadeassumptionsthatlargesharkscouldsurvivelongperiodswithouteating.”可知答案為D。11.TheU.S.researchmadepeoplebelievethat

.A.largesharkscouldlivewithouteatingmeatB.sharksgainedseveralkilogramsinsixweeksC.aone-tonsharkneededtoeat30kgeverymealD.largesharkscouldlivewithouteatingforseveralweeks√答案解析121311141512.WhatisSemmens’attitudetowardsU.S.researchers’job?A.Uninterested. B.Surprised.C.Objective. D.Satisfied.解析觀點態(tài)度題。由第七段中Semmens所說的話“They(U.S.researchers)pickedasharkthatprobablywasn’tworkingveryhardatthetimewhentheydidit.Atthetimeitwasanewstudy.Theydidsomemetabolicworksimilartowhatwedidbutononeshark.”可推知他對美國研究者所做的工作持客觀態(tài)度，故選C。√答案解析121311141513.Thesharks’metabolicratecalculatedbythetworesearchgroupsisdifferentprobablybecause

.A.theyuseddifferentresearchmethodsB.theystudiedsharksofdifferentsizesC.thesharkstheyusedforresearchwereofdifferentspeciesD.thesharkstheyusedforresearchswamatdifferentspeeds√答案解析1213111415解析推理判斷題。由第五段中的“calculatedtheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratebasedonswimmingspeeds”及第七段中的“pickedasharkthatprobablywasn’tworkingveryhard”和倒數(shù)第四段中的“‘Thewhitesharks，whichwetagged，areworkingprettyhard.They’recominguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals，’

hesaid.”可推知答案為D。1213111415解析細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“they’relong-lived”及“theyproduceasmallnumberofbabies”可排除B、D兩項，由倒數(shù)第四段中的“They’recominguptosomeprettyhighspeedtocatchtheseals”可排除C項。由最后三段講述大白鯊對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響可知A項正確。14.Whatdoyouknowaboutwhitesharks?A.Theyplayanimportantroleinoceanecosystem.B.Theycanproducealargenumberofbabies.C.Theyswimmoreslowlythanseals.D.Theyliveashortlife.√答案解析121311141515.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto

.A.inform

B.persuadeC.describe

D.entertain解析寫作意圖題。本文為說明文，介紹了一項關(guān)于大白鯊的最新研究。故答案為A?！檀鸢附馕?213111415D(2017·天津十二區(qū)縣二模)ThenewstudyshowsthatwespendmoretimeusingthemobileInternetthanreadingnewspapersormagazines.AccordingtotheEuropeanInteractiveAdvertisingAssociation(EIAA)，theaverageEuropeanspends4.8hoursreadingnewspapersandmagazinesbut1.6hoursmoreusingthemobileInternetaweek.TheEIAAquestioned15,000peoplein15Europeancountries，lookingathowpeopleareusingtheInternetanditsinfluenceontheireverydaylives.IthasfoundthatthemobileInternetisincreasinglyfindingitswayintothepublicawareness.Over71millionEuropeansnowhaveInternetaccessontheirmobilephones.IntheUK,10millionpeoplenowaccesstheInternetthroughtheirmobilephonesandspend6.3hoursdoingsoinaweek.UnsurprisinglyyoungergenerationsintheUKareleadingtheway，withnearlyhalfofthecountry’s16-to-24-year-oldsandaquarterof25-to-34-year-oldsusingthemobileInternet，spending6.5and6.2hoursonlineeachweek.EntertainmentplaysamajorroleinourmobileInternetlives，withoneinfiveBritishpeopleusingtheirphonesforonlinegames，athirdlisteningtotheonlineradioand39percentwatchingfilms，TVorothervideosatleastonceaweek.OnethirdofthoseusinganInternetphonesaidtheyreceivedvideos，imagesorothermultimediaontheirmobile，and61percentsaidtheypassedoncontentstheyreceived.Fromacommunicationpointofview,80percentofthosequestionedagreedthattheInternethadmadeiteasierforthemtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamily.AlisonFennah，directoroftheEIAA，saidthemobileInternetusehadcometothepointthatmarketersshouldbelookingtodevelopstrategiesthatconnectwithconsumersmoreeffectively.“Betterdevicesaswellasimprovedconsumermotivationthatstartcomingtogetherin2011canmakeagreatdifferencetoextendingtheonlineexperience，”

Fennahsaid.語篇解讀本文主要講的是一項研究表明人們現(xiàn)在在移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上花的時間比在閱讀報紙和雜志上花的時間多，另外該研究還調(diào)查了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹挠绊?。解析?shù)字計算題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...theaverageEuropeanspends4.8hoursreadingnewspapersandmagazinesbut1.6hoursmoreusingthemobileInternetaweek.”可知，歐洲人每周平均花費4.8小時讀報和看雜志，但是多花1.6小時使用移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，4.8＋1.6＝6.4，故選B。16.HowlongdoesaEuropeanspendonthemobileInternetperweekaccordingtotheEIAA?A.6.2hours. B.6.4hours.C.4.8hours. D.1.6hours.√答案解析171816192017.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“doingso”inParagraph2