2019屆臨沂專版中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)第二部分專項(xiàng)語法高效突破專項(xiàng)9動(dòng)詞的分類及動(dòng)詞短語講義

第二部分專項(xiàng)語法高效突破專項(xiàng)9動(dòng)詞的分類及動(dòng)詞短語高頻考點(diǎn)精講1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞的分類分類用法例詞例句及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，后面必須跟賓語意義才完整，常用于三種句型：(1)主語＋謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語；(2)主語＋謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語；(3)主語＋謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)＋間接賓語＋直接賓語need，want，have，teach，make等HereachedChinathedaybeforeyesterday.他前天到中國(guó)的。Theyaskedmetogoswimmingwiththem.他們讓我和他們一起去游泳。Iwillreturnhimtheruler.我準(zhǔn)備把尺子還給他。不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整，其后不必跟賓語；若跟賓語，則不及物動(dòng)詞需要跟適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，live，work等Maryisswimming.瑪麗正在游泳。Lookattheblackboard.看黑板。Ilikelisteningtomusic.我喜歡聽音樂。2．連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。分類例詞例句be動(dòng)詞am，is，are，was，were等I’magirlwithshorthair.我是一個(gè)留著短發(fā)的女孩。感官類look，sound，smell，taste，feel等Hisplansoundsgood.他的計(jì)劃聽起來很好。Thefoodtastesgood.這種食物嘗起來不錯(cuò)。變化類become，get，grow，go，turn等Mr.Black’sfaceturnedred.布萊克先生的臉變紅了。狀態(tài)類keep，stay，remain等Theshopstaysopentill8intheevening.商店一直營(yíng)業(yè)到晚上8點(diǎn)。3.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等結(jié)構(gòu)。主要的助動(dòng)詞有be，do，have，shall，will等。分類用法例句beam/is/are＋動(dòng)詞－ing形式→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；was/were＋動(dòng)詞－ing形式→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；be＋過去分詞→被動(dòng)語態(tài)Theboyisplayingbasketballnow.這個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在在打籃球。ThestudentswerereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們?cè)谧x英語。Chineseisspokenbymostofpeopleintheworld.世界上大多數(shù)人說漢語。do形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語氣DoyoucomefromJapan？你來自日本嗎？Hedoesn’tlikemusicatall.他根本不喜歡音樂。havehave/has＋過去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；had＋過去分詞→過去完成時(shí)；have/has＋been＋動(dòng)詞－ing形式→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Hehaslivedherefortenyears.他住在這里已經(jīng)10年了。BythetimeIarrivedthebusstop，thebushadleft.當(dāng)我到達(dá)汽車站的時(shí)候，汽車已經(jīng)離開了。Wehavebeenstudyinginthisschoolforthreeyears.我們一直在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了三年。will/shallwill/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形→一般將來時(shí)；would/should＋動(dòng)詞原形→過去將來時(shí)Shallwegofishingtomorrow？我們明天去釣魚好嗎？Youshouldliedownandrest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞分類含義用法例句can(could)能；會(huì)表示能力(＝beableto)Tomcanswim.＝Tomisabletoswim.湯姆會(huì)游泳?？梢?疑問句中)表示請(qǐng)求CanIhelpyou？我能幫助你嗎？Couldyougiveussomeadvice？你可以給我們一些建議嗎？can可能；can’t不可能(否定句、疑問句中)表示可能性Canthenewsbetrue？這則消息是真的嗎？Theboycan’tbeJim.He’smuchtaller.那個(gè)男孩不可能是吉姆，他高得多。

考點(diǎn)2

常見的動(dòng)詞辨析形狀相同的動(dòng)詞辨析①lie與lay；②rise與raise意義相近的動(dòng)詞辨析①borrow，lend與keep；②speak，say，tell與talk；③hope與wish；④take，spend，cost與pay；⑤lookfor，find與findout；⑥listento與hear；⑦lookat與see；⑦get，arrive與reach；⑧answer與reply；⑨t(yī)ake，bring與carry形狀不同，意義不同，但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞辨析①discover，invent與create；②win與beat；③puton與wear；④forget與leave考點(diǎn)3

動(dòng)詞短語類型例詞同一動(dòng)詞＋不同介詞/副詞①puton穿上，增加(體重)；putup舉起，張貼，搭起；putoff推遲；putdown放下②giveout分發(fā)；giveup放棄；giveaway捐贈(zèng)③comeupwith想出；comefrom來自；comeout出來，出版；cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)④lookat看；lookup查詢；lookafter照看；lookfor尋找⑤turnon打開；turnoff關(guān)掉；turnup調(diào)高(聲音)；turndown調(diào)低(聲音)；turninto變成不同動(dòng)詞＋同一介詞/副詞①showup出現(xiàn)；takeup從事，開始；makeup編造；hurryup趕快；getup起床；setup建立；cleanup清掃；eatup吃光；cheerup(使)變得更高興，振奮起來；pickup撿起②laughat嘲笑；pointat指著③putout熄滅；sellout賣光動(dòng)詞的固定搭配及組合takecareof照料，照顧；takepartin參加；payattentionto注意；catchupwith趕上；dependon依賴；getonwellwith與……相處得好；talkback頂嘴，反駁；makeawish許愿；do/tryone’sbest盡某人最大努力；makeone’sbed整理某人的床鋪十年真題全練近十年來，動(dòng)詞的分類及動(dòng)詞短語是臨沂中考的重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容之一，幾乎每年都考，考查的內(nèi)容多以動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞為主。命題形式以單項(xiàng)填空與選詞填空為主；預(yù)計(jì)2018年，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析仍然是考查重點(diǎn)，其次是連系動(dòng)詞，也要稍加關(guān)注?？键c(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的分類及詞義辨析實(shí)義動(dòng)詞1．[2016·臨沂，22]Beforestamps，peopledidn’t____fortheletterstheysent，butfortheletterstheyreceived.A．payB．costC．spendD．take2．[2014·臨沂，23]It____abouteightminutesforsunlight(陽光)totravelfromthesuntotheearth.A．takesB．spendsC．costsD．paysAA3．[2012·臨沂，29]It____MrGreenanhourtofixuphisbicycleyesterday.A．costB．paidC．spentD．took4．[2010·臨沂，25]Inordertoprotecttheenvironment，peopleinJapanhaveto____fortheirtrash.A．costB．payC．spendD．take5．[2008·臨沂，26]Ifyoudon’twantto____forplasticbagsinmostsupermarkets，you’llhavetobringyourownshoppingbag.A．spendB．takeC．payD．costDBC連系動(dòng)詞6．[2013·臨沂，25]—DoyouknowthesongGangnamStyle?—Ofcourse.It____interesting.A．tastesB．smellsC．soundsD．feels情態(tài)動(dòng)詞7．[2017·臨沂，20]Thelittleboyhasjusthadlunch.He____behungrynow.A．mustB．mustn’tC．canD．can’t8．[2016·臨沂，20]Students____enjoythecolorfulschoollifeiftheystudyathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.A．mustn’tB．can’tC．mustD．canCDB9．[2013·臨沂，29]—MayIplaycomputergamesnow，Mom?—No.You____finishyourhomeworkfirst.A．mustB．canC．couldD．may10．[2012·臨沂，26]Manystudentscomefrompoorfamiliesandthey____affordschoollunches，sothegovernmentistryingtohelpthem.A．needn’tB．shouldn’tC．can’tD．mustn’t11．[2011·臨沂，30]Ifyouareinthezoo，remembernottotouchorgoneartheanimals.Althoughsomeoftheanimalsarecute，you____leavethemalone.A．mustB．willC．mayD．canACA12．[2009·臨沂，27]—MustIanswerthisquestioninEnglish?—No，you____．A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．can’tD．shouldn’t13．[2008·臨沂，21]—Look，Mr.Kingisswimminginthepool.—It____beMr.King.HehasgonetoKunmingonvacation.A．canB．can’tC．mustD．mustn’tBB考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞短語14.[2017·臨沂，25]InmanyEasternEuropeancountries，youaresupposedto____yourglovesbeforeshakinghands.A．takeoffB．shoutoffC．cutoffD．putoff15．[2016·臨沂，28]Pickupyourpenanddrawyourowninvention.Maybeitwillbe____arealproductoneday.A．turnedonB．turneddownC．turnedoffD．turnedinto16．[2015·臨沂，28]AfatherintheUKhas____awonderfulideatosendhiskidstoschoolontime.Hetakeshissonstotheirschoolinawhitetank(坦克)．A．lookeduptoB．madeupC．comeupwithD．shownup

ADC17．[2014·臨沂，25]Whenyouareswimming，____yourears.Youcanuseearplugs(耳塞)tostopwatergettingintoyourears.A．takeafterB．takepartinC．takeoffD．takecareof18．[2013·臨沂，30]TheOlympicGamesof2016will____inBrazil.A．takeafterB．takeoffC．takeplaceD．takeaway19．[2012·臨沂，31]Ifyoulovewhatyouaredoingandworkhard，youwill____anythingdifficultandsucceed.A．gettoB．getoverC．getonD．getupDCB20．[2011·臨沂，33]Aroundtheworld，moreandmorepeopleare____dangeroussportsactivities，becauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.A．takingoutB．takingoffC．takingpartinD．takingcareof21．[2010·臨沂，30]Agreatmeetingaboutweatherchange____inCopenhagen(哥本哈根)inDecember，2009.A．tookplaceB．tookprideC．tookcareD．tookafterCA22．[2009·臨沂，26]—Lisa，weneedtocleanthekitchen.Couldyou____thetrash?—Yes，sure.A．takeafterB．takeoffC．takeplaceD．takeout23．[2008·臨沂，28]Ihave____allofmynewspapers，butIcan’tfindthearticle.A．lookedatB．lookedafterC．lookedforD．lookedthroughDD猜押預(yù)測(cè)單項(xiàng)填空1．IreallyneedtotakemoreexercisebecauseI’m____weight.A．puttingoffB．puttingonC．puttingdownD．puttingaway2．Momismakingdinner.It____sonice!A．smellsB．tastesC．feelsD．sounds3．Susan____herfriend’sinvitationbecauseofanimportantmeeting.A．tookdownB．pu