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自招英語教師輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)員編號(hào):年級(jí):初三課時(shí)數(shù):3學(xué)員姓名:輔導(dǎo)科目:英語學(xué)科教師:課程主題:初三自招沖刺講義(非謂語+完型填空+試卷訓(xùn)練3)授課時(shí)間:學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.______(surround)byalotofnewsmen,thenewly-electedmayorofthecityfelthehadtosaysomething.(13浦東二模)2.______(become)asuccessfulinvestor,afreshbusinessmanshouldconducthimselfinanappropriatebusinesslikemanner.(13浦東二模)3._____(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(13普陀二模)4.Manychildrenhaveformedthehabitofreadingbut_____(nottake)efficientnotesmeanwhile.(13普陀二模)5.MichaelputupapictureofJeremyLinbesidethebedtokeephimself_____(remind)ofhisowndreams.(13普陀二模)6.Thereasonwhywesetup“agreenresponsibilitycard”istogiveafeelingofaccomplishmenttopeople_____(involve).KEY:SurroundedTobecomeTocompletenottakingremindedinvolved非謂語形式構(gòu)成特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式todotobedoingt
hav
donetobedonetohavebeendone在非謂語前加notforsb.todosth.具有名詞,副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定、表、補(bǔ)和狀語分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語過去分詞done動(dòng)名詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’doing具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語(一)非謂語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成:1.做賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞比較:情況常用動(dòng)詞只接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen,demand,refuse,learn,choose只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,deny,prevent,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider(考慮)can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto兩者都可以意義基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)need,want,require(接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)意義相反stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regrettodo(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)goontodo(接著做另外一件事)goondoing(接著做同一件事)trytodo(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力)trydoing(試試去做,看有何結(jié)果)meantodo(打算做,企圖做)meandoing(意識(shí)是,意味著)can’thelptodo(不能幫忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)2.非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別:常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成Weshouldencouragestudentstofindthemistakesbythemselves.Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.過去分詞動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的區(qū)別:區(qū)別舉例不定式與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,一般式表示將來,進(jìn)行式表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途,無邏輯上的任何關(guān)系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成4.非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別:區(qū)別舉例不定式多表示一個(gè)特定的具體的將來的動(dòng)作,做主語時(shí)可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時(shí)可和主語交換位置,而且意義不變,并且還能用what來提問主語或表語。Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主語時(shí)常用)動(dòng)名詞與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大,然而它更接近于名詞,表示的動(dòng)作比較抽象,或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)也可以用it做形式主語,做表語時(shí)可以和主語互換位置。Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.Teachingismyjob.分詞無名詞的性質(zhì),不能做主語。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì),可以做表語,多表明主語的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等,可被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾。現(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人…”之意,說明主語的性質(zhì)特征,多表示主動(dòng),主語多為物。過去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)或主語所處的狀態(tài),含有“感到…”之意,主語多是人。Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.(常見分詞有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)5.非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語的區(qū)別:區(qū)別舉例不定式VS分詞1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí),除了表示目的以外,還表示結(jié)果或原因。3)下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的:
a:not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意義
b:做結(jié)果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有:find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。
c:不定式做狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導(dǎo)主語。Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.(伴隨)
Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.(目的)
Readingattentively,heforgotthetimeforlunch.(原因)
Readingcarefully,hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore.(時(shí)間)
Readingcarefully,you'lllearnsomethingnew.(條件)
Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.(結(jié)果)
Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.(結(jié)果)
Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)動(dòng)名詞不作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞VS過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。
1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作,它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí),過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作,它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Hewentout,shuttingthedoorbehindhim.
Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)小結(jié)二、動(dòng)名詞??急赜浺c(diǎn)歸納1.以下動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語后只能接動(dòng)名詞:常用動(dòng)詞:finish,mind,suggest,keep,enjoy,practice,consider,excuse,miss,escape,resist,allow,permit,imagine,risk,delay,forbid,appreciate,understand動(dòng)詞短語:giveup,insiston,lookforwardto,itis(no)good(use,harm),objectto(反對(duì)),getdownto,devoteoneselfto,spend…doing,prevent…(from)…,waste…doing,have(no)difficulty(in)doing,stickto,keep…from,stop…from2.接不定式、動(dòng)名詞意義不同的動(dòng)詞和結(jié)構(gòu):stoptodo/stopdoing停下來做……/停止做…….remembertodo/rememberdoing記住要去做……/記得曾做過……forgettodo/forgetdoing忘記去做……/忘記曾做過……trytodo/trydoing努力(盡力)做……/試著做……regrettodo/regretdoing遺憾地去做……/后悔做過……meantodo/meandoing打算做……/意味著做……wanttodo/wantdoing想做……/需要被做……goontodo/goondoing接著做另一件事/接著做未做完的同一事 liketodo/likedoing喜歡做……(非經(jīng)常性)/喜歡做(指習(xí)慣,愛好).feellikedoing/wouldliketodo想做……/(要做……)setaboutdoing/setouttodo開始做……preferdoing/prefertodo喜歡做……prefer+doingto+doingwouldrather+dothan+do寧愿……而不愿preferto+doratherthan+dousedto+do過去經(jīng)常做……beusedto+do被用來做……be/getusedtodoing養(yǎng)成做……習(xí)慣can’thelp(to)+do不能幫助做……can’thelpdoing止不住地做……can’thelpbut+do不得不cannotchoosebut+do=cannotbutdo3.動(dòng)名詞的兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)(即否定結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)),否定結(jié)構(gòu)是not+動(dòng)名詞;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:代詞賓格(形容詞性物主代詞)+動(dòng)名詞名詞(名詞所有格)注:該結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí)(作主語),只能用括號(hào)中間的結(jié)構(gòu)。作賓語兩者均可。例:1)Theyfeltsorryfornotarrivingintime.(沒能及時(shí)到達(dá),他們感到很抱歉。)2)Doyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?(我打開窗你介意嗎?)Ourgoingthereisallowed.(我們獲準(zhǔn)去那里。)【注意在句首不能用us】4.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)用法一般式doingbeingdone發(fā)生在謂語后等完成式havingdonehavingbeendone發(fā)生在謂語前動(dòng)詞need、want、require后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(=tobe+過去分詞)。例:Thebabywantswashing.(=tobewashed)6.在worth后用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,在worthy后用動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)形式。例:Thefilmisworthseeing.=Thefilmisworthyofbeingseen.=Thefilmisworthytobeseen.to后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),to是不定式符號(hào),應(yīng)該接原形動(dòng)詞,to是介詞應(yīng)要接動(dòng)名詞。這一點(diǎn)一定要判斷清楚。在“getdownto開始做……;lookforwardto…盼望……;stickto…堅(jiān)持做……;leadto…導(dǎo)致……;devoteoneselfto…獻(xiàn)身于……;tobedevotedto…獻(xiàn)身于……;payattentionto…注意……;objectto反對(duì)做……”中,to都是介詞,其后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞。8.介詞后一般接動(dòng)名詞。indoing…在做……過程中;ondoing…一……就……;beforedoing…在做……之前;afterdoing…在做……之后;withoutdoing沒做……不定式??急赜浺c(diǎn)歸納下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后接不定式:agree,seem,appear,offer,happen,wish,hope,pay,expect,long,plan,intend,promise,pretend,decide,afford,manage,choose,besaidto,wouldliketo等。不定式常用的句型:too…todo(太……而不能),…enoughtodo…(夠……就能……),soastodo/inordertodo(為了……),so…astodo/such…astodo(如此……結(jié)果……)。在這些常用句型中,注意soasto/inorderto,前一個(gè)不能用于句首,而inorderto既可放在句首,也可放在句尾。so…asto與such…asto的區(qū)別是:so后一般接形容詞或副詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(so+adj.+a/an+n.)?!皊uch”后一般接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式(such+a/an+adj.+n.)。不定式的三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu):即否定結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not(never)todo”;疑問結(jié)構(gòu)是特殊疑問詞“how(what,which,who,whether…)todo”;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/of+名詞(或代詞賓格)+todo”。4.不定式的三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)形式和兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式(可記憶為三時(shí)兩語)主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般時(shí)todotobedone進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing無完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendonelet/make/have/see/hear/notice/observe/listento/lookat/watch/feel這些動(dòng)詞帶不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),省掉to,若這些動(dòng)詞以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),應(yīng)加上to。動(dòng)詞help后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可省略to,也可加to。例:Isawhimgoupstairs.被動(dòng)形式是:Hewasseentogoupstairs.6.當(dāng)前面是thefirst,thesecond,thelast,need,plan,time,chance,right,determination,ability,opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)),way時(shí),一般用不定式作定語。例如:A)Itistimetogetup.(該起床了。)B)Hedidn'thaveachancetogotoschoolbeforeliberation.(解放前,他沒有機(jī)會(huì)去上學(xué)。)but/except+todo/do結(jié)構(gòu),要根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞來確定其后面的形式。當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是do,does,did時(shí),but后用動(dòng)詞原形;謂語動(dòng)詞是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí),but后用“to+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。8.不定式的邏輯主語要與主語保持一致Tostudyaforeignlanguage,practiceisneeded.這個(gè)句子邏輯主語不一致,應(yīng)改為:Tostudyaforeignlanguage,oneneedspractice.學(xué)習(xí)外語需要操練。9.形容詞后一般用不定式(除busy,worth兩個(gè)外)例如:A)Youaresuretosucceed.(你一定能成功。)B)I’msorrytohavegivenyoualotoftrouble.(對(duì)不起,給你帶來那么多麻煩。)C)Heisbusypreparinghislessonsatpresent.(他現(xiàn)在正忙于預(yù)習(xí)功課。)10.不定式作定語和表語時(shí),有時(shí)需要在后面放上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。A)Thisisabenchtositon.(這是用來坐的凳子。)B)Thisroomiscomfortabletolivein.(這個(gè)房間住起來很舒適。)11.在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+不定式”這個(gè)句型中,當(dāng)主語是不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí),不定式不用被動(dòng),不能在動(dòng)詞后再放賓語。例:Thequestioniseasytoanswer.(question是answer的賓語,不能說:Thequestioniseasytobeanswered.也不能說:Thequestioniseasytoanswerit.)12.不定式的動(dòng)詞與前面的動(dòng)詞一致時(shí),可以省掉該動(dòng)詞,但to不能省掉;其后如是be或have等詞時(shí),一般不能省。分詞??急赜浺c(diǎn)歸納1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別。它們的用法主要是根據(jù)動(dòng)詞是及物還是不及物來確定,不及物動(dòng)詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作完成的程度,及物動(dòng)詞根據(jù)語態(tài)來確定。列表如下:分分詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞vi.表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作完成vt.表示主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)2.分詞的兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu):not+分詞例如:Nothavingknownhisaddress,Ididn’twritetohim.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))有兩種形式:(1)名詞(代詞主格)+分詞(只作狀語)(2)with+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞(作狀語或定語)例:1)Theday’sworkdone,theywenthome.他們做完一天的工作就回家了。Hesattherewithhisfeetpointingtoothers.他坐在那兒把腳指向別人。3.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式,以動(dòng)詞do為例列表如下:語語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)用法一般式doingbeingdone(正在被)同時(shí)/后發(fā)生完成式Havingdonehavingbeendone(已被)先發(fā)生注:①現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)等于一個(gè)過去分詞(即havingbeendone=done)。②現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能作表語、定語和賓補(bǔ),只放在狀語的位置上。③現(xiàn)在分詞一般時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(being+v.-ed)表示“正在被”之意,而在動(dòng)名詞中只表示被動(dòng)?!笆埂趺礃印敝惖膭?dòng)詞(amuse,astonish,excite,frighten,interest,move,relax,satisfy,shock,surprise,encourage,disappoint,puzzle,tire,please,inspire,terrify,worry),它們的ing形式表示主動(dòng),而過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。一般情況下“人”用過去分詞,“物”用ing形式。5.分詞和不定式都作狀語,其區(qū)別是分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式和說明,而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果,關(guān)鍵是體會(huì)句意之間關(guān)系。例1.TheirgrandfatherlivedtheliberationofChina.(tosee/seeing)_inBeijing,Ivisitedmanyhistoricspots.(Tostay/Staying)6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首不能誤當(dāng)成并列句,分詞作狀語放在句末不能誤當(dāng)成并列謂語。Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thestudentsworkedinthefields,_____.(laughedandtalked,/laughingandtalking).為了使概念更明確,在分詞前可以用when,while,if,once,unless,asif,than,as這些連詞。例Iwillgoifinvited(=ifIaminvited).8.常用幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)及意義Want+doing(表示被動(dòng))/wantsthtobedone(表示被動(dòng))wantsbtodo(表示主動(dòng))Makesthdone(表示被動(dòng))/makesb.do(表示主動(dòng))Havesth+todo(有……可做)+sb+do(叫某人做…)+sth+done(叫別人做…)+sb+doing(讓……一直做……)Getsbtodo(叫……馬上做……)sthdone叫(別人)做……=havesthdonesbtodo(叫某人做……)/doingCatch+賓語+doing(看見某人在做……)seat/dress這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞后如有賓語用現(xiàn)在分詞,反之用過去分詞。include/consider這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果放在名詞之前用現(xiàn)在分詞,名詞之后用過去分詞。missing/remaining作“丟失的”和“剩下的”講,只有現(xiàn)在分詞形式;left作“剩下的”講只能放名詞后或代詞后。例如:Wewentthere,includingourboss./Wewentthere,ourbossincluded.10.一些只用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的固定結(jié)構(gòu):generally/seriouslyspeaking,judgingfrom(by)…但totellthetruth,tobesure,tobeexact要用不定式。spokenEnglish是“英語口語”,而English-speaking是“講英語的……”后面一般接名詞,它是個(gè)形容詞。12.open作形容詞用是“開著的”,而“關(guān)著的”是closed。形容詞close是指“距離”,不是“關(guān)著的”意思。Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.比較:Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsclosed.13.幾組易錯(cuò)的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞lievi.laylainlying躺liev.liedliedlying撒謊layvi.laidlaidlaying放;下蛋foundvt.foundedfounded成立findvt.foundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)Windwoundwound盤旋蜿蜒Woundwoundedwounded受傷riseviroserisen上升raisevt.raisedraised上升fallvi.fellfallen落下feelvt.feltfelt摸;感覺hangvihunghung懸掛hangvt.hangedhanged絞死lightvt.lit(一般作謂語)lightlighted(作定語)燃著的burnvt./viburnt燒焦的,burning正在燃燒的(二)完型填空完形填空這種題型,目的在于測(cè)試學(xué)生利用已知信息恢復(fù)不完整語言材料的能力,進(jìn)而考查學(xué)生的語言能力:作為選拔性考試,它具有較高信度、效度和必要的區(qū)分度以及一定的難度。重點(diǎn)在于綜合考查考蘭主的詞匯和語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)以及閱讀和寫作等語言運(yùn)用能力。題型特點(diǎn): 1.選材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或是敘議結(jié)合、以敘為主、富有哲理的論說文。它選用真實(shí)世界中的語言材料,考查考生使用語言進(jìn)行信息獲取和社會(huì)交際的能力,對(duì)心理問題、校園生活、奇聞?shì)W事等;熱點(diǎn)話題繼續(xù)關(guān)注。字?jǐn)?shù)上,完形填空短文詞數(shù)在240-320之間。2.所選短文一般無標(biāo)題,但首句通常不設(shè)奎,目的是讓學(xué)生熟悉語言環(huán)境,迅速進(jìn)入主題,對(duì)文章有宏觀和整體。勝的把握,建立正確的思維導(dǎo):向。正文中通常挖去20個(gè)詞(組),通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)空格前后相連或同一句子挖空超過三個(gè)Ff勺情況。挖去的詞匯以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔。解題方法:1.耐心精讀開頭首句,并圈劃一些帶著感?!呵嗌实男稳菰~或副詞,理解語段的基調(diào),比如:popular,warm-hearted,poor,homeless;2.結(jié)合自己的語感,語感可以分為句感和詞感。句感是通過梳理分析句子本身的不同成分以及成分之間的關(guān)系來慢慢提高;詞感是通過尋找并揣摩文章中各個(gè)句子之間相同詞性的單詞之間的聯(lián)系來慢慢提高;3.識(shí)別短語搭配,運(yùn)用語法理順上下文關(guān)系;4.通讀三遍,細(xì)心檢查,避免疏漏。(例題一)Myprevioushomehadastandofwoodsbehinditandmanyanimalsinthebackyard.Thatfirstyear,I1feedingpeanutstothebluejays,thenthesquirrels.Thesquirrelshadno2cominguprighttomeforthem.Asthemonthswentby,therabbitssawthatIwasno3anddidn’tescape.WhenIthrewcarrotslices(薄片),theyevencameforanibble(啃).Slowlytheycameto4me,andbytheendoftheyeartheywereeatingoutofmyhand.Thatsecondyear,therabbits5me,andonewouldevensitupforslices!WhileIwasfeedingthem,I6thatagroundhogwhousedtorunawaywasnowtakingan7interestinthisfoodsituation.Icarefullyextendedalong8,withakeeneyeonthoseteeth,and9,thereweretimesIwouldhavethegroundhogsittingnexttoarabbit,bothmunching(津津有味地咀嚼)oncarrots.Afewmonthslater,while10,shewouldeventurnherbacktome.11whenshewasfacingaway,Ireachedoutand12scratched(搔)herbackwithmyfinger.Shedidn'tmove.Byyearthree,therabbitsandthegroundhogwereback.Thegroundhog13didn'thaveaproblemwithmescratchingherback,andIgotanidea.I'dalways14,whileslicingupcarrots,thattheendlookedlikeacap.15oneday,justtoseewhatshewoulddo,Igently16oneontopofthegroundhog'shead.Again,nota17.Thenexttime,Ihadmycamerareadytorecordwhatyouseehere,oneofseveraldozensuchpictures.18shehadaslicetoeat,shenever19theoneonherhead.Itwasafair20-Igotapleasure,andshehadyetanothertastytreat.()1.A.avoidedB.startedC.canceledD.suggested()2.A.businessB.funC.problemD.privilege()3.A.helpB.cheatC.threatD.exception()4.A.trustB.missC.admireD.appreciate()5.A.fearedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.remembered()6.A.provedB.decidedC.noticedD.understood()7.A.extremeB.increasingC.additionalD.inspiring()8.A.squirrelB.rabbitC.peanutD.carrot()9.A.beforelongB.longagoC.overandoverD.alloveragain()10.A.eatingB.playingC.sittingD.sleeping()11.A.NextB.OnceC.SoonD.Lately()12.A.carefullyB.suddenlyC.violentlyD.patiently()13.A.alsoB.thusC.justD.still()14.A.thoughtB.doubtedC.admittedD.recognized()15.A.WhileB.OrC.SoD.For()16.A.fixedB.placedC.hungD.kept()17.A.trembleB.moveC.delayD.hesitation()18.A.EvenifB.EvensinceC.AsfarasD.Aslongas()19.A.welcomedB.requiredC.botheredD.expected()20.A.tradeB.competitionC.taskD.affair【分析】NO.1(B)我之前的家后面有一片小樹林,后院里有彳艮多動(dòng)物。在那的第一年,我開始給藍(lán)色松鴉喂食。A是避免,C是取消,D是建議,暗示。ACD都不符合語境。NO.2(C)松鼠并不害怕我,所以對(duì)于靠近我這件事完全沒問題。很放心地接近我。NO.3(C)隨著時(shí)間的推移,小兔子們發(fā)現(xiàn)我對(duì)它們構(gòu)不成威脅,它們不會(huì)逃跑。A是幫助,B是欺騙,D是例外。NO.4(A)根據(jù)后半句的意思,可知兔子們慢慢地開始信任我。B是想念,C是敬佩,贊美,D是感激,欣賞。NO.5(D)第二年,小兔子們已經(jīng)記得我了,有一只兔子甚至端坐著等我給它喂胡蘿卜片。A意為害怕,B意為忽視,C意為發(fā)現(xiàn)。NO.6(C)當(dāng)我喂兔子的時(shí)候,我注意到一只土拔鼠。NO.7(B)以前都跑得遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的,現(xiàn)在對(duì)這種喂食場(chǎng)面的興趣逐漸濃厚。A意為極度,C意為額外的,D意為鼓舞人心的。NO.8(D)從后文兔子和土拔鼠都津津有味地吃胡蘿卜可知,我小心地遞過去的是一根長(zhǎng)胡蘿卜。NO.9(A)不久之后,就出現(xiàn)了土撥鼠和小兔子坐在一起啃胡蘿卜的場(chǎng)景了。NO.10(A)幾個(gè)月之后,它甚至?xí)诔詵|西時(shí)背對(duì)著我。NO.11(B)有一次當(dāng)它別過臉不看我,我小心翼翼地用手指搔一下它的背。NO.12(A)見上題解析。NO.13(D)到第三年,小兔子和土拔鼠都回來了。土撥鼠對(duì)于我搔它的背仍然沒有問題。also很多同學(xué)易錯(cuò)。also的用法是:A做了,Balso做了,這里是第三年,土撥鼠依然沒有對(duì)我這個(gè)行為表示不適應(yīng)。NO.14(A)看到土撥鼠對(duì)我的行為習(xí)以為常,我有了一個(gè)想法。之前在切胡蘿卜的時(shí)候我常常在想,胡蘿卜的頭有點(diǎn)像個(gè)帽子。NO.15(C)之前一直有想法,所以有一天,我想看看它會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。NO.16(B)我輕輕地將胡蘿卜頭放在土撥鼠的頭上。NO.17(B)again這個(gè)詞說明了這個(gè)動(dòng)作不止一次發(fā)生。之前發(fā)生的,就是土撥鼠一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。這道題也算是詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)了。NO.18(D)之后,我準(zhǔn)備好了相機(jī)拍了照。只要它在吃東西,它就不會(huì)因?yàn)轭^上有個(gè)東西頂著而煩躁。Aslongas只要。NO.19(C)見上題解析:A意為歡迎,B意為要求,D意為期待,這里有一個(gè)never,加上后從意思上看,只有C合適。NO.20(A)這是一場(chǎng)公平的交易,我獲得了快樂,它獲得了美味的一餐?!纠}精講】例1.【★★★】Findinghercarstolen,____A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考的是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題。因?yàn)閒inding這一動(dòng)作必定是“she”所做,所以就選D?!敬鸢浮緿例2.【★★★】Thebell____theendoftheperiodrang,____ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interrupted D.indicated;interrupted【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】如果在句子中注意到rang這個(gè)動(dòng)詞,就不難理解本句的主要成分是:Thebellrang。因?yàn)榫渥永餂]有任何連詞,所以句子中的兩個(gè)空格應(yīng)該都是非謂語動(dòng)詞。第一格是用分詞短語做定語修飾thebell,因?yàn)閠hebell與indicate是主謂關(guān)系,所以我們要選用現(xiàn)在分詞。第二格是分詞短語做狀語,而thebell與interrupt也是主謂關(guān)系,所以也要用現(xiàn)在分詞?!敬鸢浮緼例3.【★★★】Though____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingof C.lacking D.lackedin【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本句考分詞作狀語的用法。當(dāng)分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系時(shí),用通常用現(xiàn)在分詞;而當(dāng)分詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),一般要用過去分詞。本句中“他的父母”是“缺錢”的主語,所以只能在B與C兩項(xiàng)中作選擇。而動(dòng)詞lack可以及物,也可以不及物,不及物的時(shí)候一般后面跟介詞in。只有在lack當(dāng)名詞的時(shí)候,后面用介詞of。所以本題選C。【答案】C例4.【★★★】Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknown B.havingbeenknown C.tobeknown D.known【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本句考非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,havingbeenknown這一分詞的完成被動(dòng)形式一般不用于作定語。如果用beingknown,意思是“正在被(某人)所知”;tobeknown的意思是“將被(某人)知道”;known的意思是“(已)為(某人)所知”,根據(jù)題意,只有known符合邏輯。【答案】D例5.【★★】Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.A.interested;interest B.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinteresting D.interesting;interest【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】第一格用interesting(有趣的)是大家都理解的;在第二格要用interest,是因?yàn)樵诖颂巌nterest是謂語動(dòng)詞,意思為“使(某人)感興趣”。【答案】D例6.★★★】Generallyspeaking,____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentaking B.whentaken C.whentotake D.whentobetaken【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考分詞作狀語。因?yàn)榉衷~作狀語是,到底用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞,看它跟邏輯主語是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,是主動(dòng)就用現(xiàn)在分詞,是被動(dòng)就用過去分詞。本題中分詞的邏輯主語是drug(藥)與take(吃)顯然是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用B?!敬鸢浮緽例7.【★★】AccordingtoarecentUSsurvey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek____TV.A.towatch B.towatching C.watching D.watch【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考-ing分詞。因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞spend的固定搭配是spendsometime(in)doingsth.,所以本句選C?!敬鸢浮緾例8【★★】Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的用法。因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞空格后面跟的是形容詞sweet,說明它前面的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,而聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)的用法的,所以可以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。如果用不定式作定語,表示的是一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,在此句中意思說不通,所以選B?!敬鸢浮緽例9.【★★★】Thedisc,digitally____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本句也是考非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的用法。因?yàn)樗揎椀脑~thedisc與動(dòng)詞record的關(guān)系是被動(dòng),而且是“已經(jīng)被錄制下來”的意思,所以只能選A。如果選用C,雖然也是被動(dòng),但意思是“將要被錄制下來”,在本句中不適合?!敬鸢浮緼例10.【★★★】Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,____.A.doctorscametotheirrescue B.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastaken D.warningsweregiventotourists【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題。我們都知道,分詞作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語,根據(jù)這一語法規(guī)則,就可以根據(jù)上下文來判斷,到底是誰或什么“受到恐怖分子的攻擊”,所以選B。全句的意思是“受到恐怖分子的攻擊之后,高樓倒塌了?!薄敬鸢浮緽例11.【★★★】____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.Put B.Putting C.Havingput D.Beingput【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考分詞作狀語。因?yàn)閠hehotline是分詞的邏輯主語,所以我們可以判斷出hotline與putintouse是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A、D兩項(xiàng)是被動(dòng),但beingdone一般不作狀語,且這一形式的意思是“正在被......”與inApril2000有矛盾。所以正確選項(xiàng)是A?!敬鸢浮緼例12.【★★★】MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.taking B.taken C.havingtaken D.havingbeentaken【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考分詞作作狀語,因?yàn)榉衷~作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是句子的主語。本句中people與takeadvantageof...是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且不是這一動(dòng)作完成之后,人們才去加入瑜珈班的,所以選用taking。【答案】A例13【★★】RussandEarlwereautomechanics____thesamepay,butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearn B.tohaveearned C.earning D.earned【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本句中的分詞earning是作為伴隨情況的狀語,它的邏輯主語是Russ和Earl,跟主語的關(guān)系是主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞?!敬鸢浮緾例14【★★★】____automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.A.Mailedout B.Mailingout C.Tobemailedout D.Havingmailedout【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】“mailout”與“e-mail”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。A與C兩項(xiàng)都是表被動(dòng)意義的,但c項(xiàng)是不定式,帶有將來意義,所以在此不合適。【答案】A例15.()【★★】Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice____him.A.calling B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本句考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。因?yàn)橹^語動(dòng)詞hear后,只跟沒有to的不定式,所以D項(xiàng)排除。選calling是因?yàn)橘e補(bǔ)與賓語是主謂關(guān)系,不是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系?!敬鸢浮緼例16.★★★】TheTownHall____inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompleted B.havingbeencompletedC.completed D.beingcompleted【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】本題考非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有被動(dòng)的意思,但分別有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。tobecompleted是不定式,帶有將來意義,所以這里顯然不能用;havingbeencompleted表示的是在謂語動(dòng)詞之前完成的一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一個(gè)接著一個(gè)發(fā)生,這一形式主要是用作狀語,所以B項(xiàng)也不妥;D項(xiàng)beingcompleted的意思是“正在建造的”,也不合題義。而在句子里,“1800年代建成”是用作定語修飾theTownHall,過去分詞completed側(cè)重的是一個(gè)建好的狀態(tài),所以是正確選項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緾例17.【★★★】In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,_____(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsorset-upnewcommunitystores.【考點(diǎn)】分詞的考點(diǎn)【解析】用現(xiàn)在分詞表示因?yàn)殛P(guān)系,非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞?!敬鸢浮縰rging考點(diǎn)要求:1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài);2.非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式;3.不定式符號(hào)的省略及疑問結(jié)構(gòu);4.動(dòng)詞不定式的各種形式及應(yīng)用;5.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式及應(yīng)用;6.-ed結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的不同用法;7.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、定語、表語等的辨析;8.非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)或習(xí)慣用法等。沖刺四校自招5套精析版模擬卷(5)一、單選:1._____________,hewroteanovelwhichissetinShanghai_______________.Inhisthirty;in1930Inhisthirties;in1930sInhisthirties;inthe1930sInhisthirtieth;inthe1930’s2.Weneed_____tendaysandfive_______helperstofinishthetaskontime.A.other;more B.another;more C.more;other D.more;another3.____________thefishinthisriverhas__________dramaticallyduetotheseriouspollution.A.Thenumberof;decreased B.Anumberof;decreasedC.Thenumberof;increased D.Anamountof;increasd4.MustIgotothemedicalschoolandbeadoctorlikeyou,Dad?No,you________,son.You’refreetomakeyourowndecision.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t5._____totakepartinthisadventureactivitywillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.Enoughbravestudents C.Studentsbraveenough D.Studentsenoughbrave6._________hestayedinGermanyforhalfayearandhewillgotoGermany_________again.A.Beforelong;beforelongB.Longbefore;longbeforeC.Beforelong;longbeforeD.Longbefore;beforelong7.Nowhehas_________money,andcandoanythinghewantsto.A.agreatnumberof B.a(chǎn)greatmanyofC.a(chǎn)largeamountof D.a(chǎn)goodplentyof8.Shehasbeenworkingharddayandnight,whichofcourse,_______herpaleface.A.accountsfor B.standsfor C.goesfor D.answerfor9.Toour______,Frank’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.A.anxiety B.relief C.view D.judgement10.Althoughheisateenager,Fredcanresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A.telling B.beingtold C.totell D.tobetold【答案】CBADCDCABB【解析】1.試題分析:Inone’sthirties在某人三十多歲時(shí);inthe1930s在20世紀(jì)30年代2.試題分析:another+數(shù)量詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=數(shù)量詞+more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)3.試題分析:Thenumberof謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),Anumberof謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為下降decrease4.試題分析:needn’t不必,mustn’t 禁止,shouldn’t不應(yīng)該,can’t 不能,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為needn’t5.試題分析:enough用法規(guī)則為“形前名后”,braveenough作Students的后置定語6.試題分析:考查詞組:Beforelong;很久以前,beforelong不久后,句意:很久以前他呆在德國半年,他不久就會(huì)再次回到德國。選D。7.試題分析:考查詞組辨析:這幾個(gè)詞組都有“大量”的意思:A.agreatnumberof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),B.a(chǎn)greatmanyof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),C.a(chǎn)largeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞D.a(chǎn)goodplentyof表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該是plentyof,這句話修飾的是money,用C。8.試題分析:考查詞組:A.accountsfor占據(jù),是…的原因,B.standsfor代表C.goesfor努力爭(zhēng)取,D.answerfor為…負(fù)責(zé),句意:她日以繼夜的工作,這當(dāng)然可以解釋她為什么臉色蒼白。選A.9.試題分析:考查名詞:A.anxiety焦慮B.relief寬慰,緩解C.view觀點(diǎn)D.judgement判斷,toone’srelief使某人寬慰的是,句意:使我們寬慰的是,F(xiàn)rank的病證明沒有我們害怕的那么嚴(yán)重。選B。10.試題分析:考查動(dòng)名詞做賓語:resist后面接動(dòng)名詞做賓語,F(xiàn)red和tell是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)做賓語,句意:雖然他是個(gè)年輕人,F(xiàn)red能抵制別人告訴他該做什么,不該做什么。選B。二、Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.approachesB.shapeC.previouslyD.evidentE.secretsF.dateG.hardlyH.remainsI.irrelevantJ.potentialK.particularlySwedishArchaeologistsMakeNewDiscoveriesArchaeologistshavebegunexploringanunknownancientcityatavillagecalledVlochós,fivehoursnorthofAthens.Thearchaeological__1__arescatteredonandaroundtheStrongilovoúnihillonthegreatThessalianplainsandcanbetracedtoseveralhistoricalperiods.“Whatusedtobeconsideredremainsofsome__2__settlementcannowbeupgradedtoremainsofacityofhighersignificancethan__3__thought,”saysRobinR?nnlund,PhDstudentinClassicalArchaeologyandAncientHistoryattheUniversityofGothenburgandleaderofthefieldwork.“Wecameacrossthesitewhichhasneverbeenexploredbeforeinconnectionwithanotherprojectlastyearandrealizedthegreat__4__rightaway.”WorkingtogetherwiththeSwedishInstituteatAthensandthelocalarchaeologicalserviceinKarditsa,theVlochósArchaeologicalProject(VLAP)wasstartedwithanaimtoexploretheremains.Theproject’sresearchteamcompletedthefirstfieldseasonduringtwoweeksinSeptember2016.R?nnlundsaysthatthehillishidingmany__5__.Remainsoftowers,wallsandcitygatescanbefoundonthemountaintopandslopes,but__6__anythingisvisibleonthegroundbelow.Theambitionistoavoiddiggingandinsteaduse__7__suchasground-penetratingradar.Thiswillenabletheteamtoleavethesiteinthesame__8__asitwasinwhentheyarrived.Thesuccessofthismethodis__9__fromtheresultsofthefirstfieldseason:“Wefoundatownsquareandastreetnetworkthatindicatethatwearedealingwithquitealargecity.Theareainsidethecitywallmeasuresover40hectares.Wealsofoundancientpotteryandcoinsthatcanhelpto__10__thecity.Ouroldestfindsarefromaround500BC,butthecityseemstohaveflourishedmainlyfromthefourthtothethirdcenturyBCbeforeitwasabandonedforsomereason,maybeinconnectionwiththeRomanconquestofthearea.”R?nnlundbelievesthattheSwedish-GreekprojectcanprovideimportantcluesastowhathappenedduringthisviolentperiodinGreekhistory.參考答案:HICJEGABDF解析:1.H.remains遺跡.前面提到"ArchaeologistshavebegunexploringanunknownancientcityatavillagecalledVlochos",所以考古學(xué)的遺跡仍然分散在這個(gè)村莊.故選H.2.I.irrelevant不相干的.根據(jù)句意,過去被認(rèn)為是一些不相關(guān)的地區(qū),現(xiàn)在由于發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史遺跡,可以升級(jí)為一個(gè)更重要的城市.故選I.3
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