中考英語語法專項：定語從句復(fù)習(xí)課件(39張)

專題十四定語從句部分中考英語語法專題2021/6/281在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

定語從句一般放在先行詞后面。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。2021/6/282Ilikemusic

that/whichIcandanceto.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.找一找IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.2021/6/283Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat

isred.修飾先行詞anapple

2021/6/284Ihavesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswho

likesports.修飾先行詞friends

2021/6/285Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修飾先行詞movie2021/6/286Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.

Thewomanisateacher.

Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修飾先行詞woman2021/6/287關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別Ihaveasister.She

worksinShanghai.

代替sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasister

who/that

worksinShanghai.關(guān)系代詞：（如上例who/that）

1.代替先行詞;2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;3.同時連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）2021/6/288

Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.

關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。Thebuilding

which/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.

先行詞

關(guān)系詞定語從句which/that是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接起來。2021/6/289關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:1.要看先行詞；2.要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。關(guān)系詞先行詞關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分能否省略who/that人主語不能who/whom/that人賓語能whose/ofwhich人定語不能which/that物主語不能which/that物賓語能whose/ofwhich物定語不能when/介詞+which時間時間狀語不能where

/介詞+which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語不能why/forwhich原因原因狀語不能2021/6/2810

定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致.定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。

Thewoman

who/that

spokeatthemeetingyesterday

is

my

mother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時)(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時間)2021/6/2811

TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.

TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.

(主語)Theboy

who/thathasaroundfaceisTom.

TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.Theboywho/thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom.2021/6/2812

Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.

Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(who/whom/that)wemetyesterday

willgiveusatalk.2021/6/2813關(guān)系代詞

1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）Theman(

who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.2021/6/2814關(guān)系代詞

3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。

Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebook

whosecoverisred.Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawoman

whosebagwasstolen.2021/6/2815appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.2021/6/2816Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.Canyoufindthepenwithwhich

Iwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?2021/6/28174.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?2021/6/28181)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom

(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

(which)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom

inwhichIliveisverybig.注意:

固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…關(guān)系代詞與介詞:

介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略)Theroom

whereIliveisverybig.2021/6/2819定語從句只能用that,不用which的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone等不定代詞或被它們修飾時。

That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.2021/6/2820ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時。That’stheonly

thingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?2021/6/28215.先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.2021/6/2822關(guān)系代詞只用who,不用that

的情況：

1.先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2.在therebe句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.2021/6/2823————關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。1.where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn).Thehotelwasn’tclean.

Westayedatthehotel.Thehotel

wherewestayedwasn’tclean.Thehotel

atwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.The

hotel

(which)

westayedatwasn’tclean.2021/6/28242.when:

在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。I’llneverforgettheday.

IjoinedthePartyonthatday.I’llneverforgettheday

when

IjoinedtheParty.I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

IjoinedtheParty.3.why:

在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因。Wewantstoknowthereason.Hewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereason

whyhewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereason

forwhichhewaslateforschool.2021/6/2825Exercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that2021/6/28265.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當(dāng)先行詞同時指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.2021/6/28271.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.asACA定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/28284.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.which C.who D.whom5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.that C.which D./6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.itBAB定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/28297.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.thisCCA定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283010.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.was B.were C.is D.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.heDCB定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283113.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthatDDB定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283216.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.what B.which C.as D./17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.where B.inthat C.that D.whichDCA定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283319.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.when B.where C.that D.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that B.when C.what D.onthatBB定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283421.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?A.which B.where C.inwhich D.whatBBA定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283524.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?A.that B.which C.where D.theone25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.what B.which C.that D.whereDD定語從句練習(xí)2021/6/283626.